ABSTRACT
This paper examines how the effect of entrepreneurship education could help in job creation in Kano state. The challenges of quality entrepreneurship education were also discussed. The research design that adopted for this research study as purely a survey research design. Both primary and secondary source of data will be used. The secondary source of data from the bulk of chapter two which was a review of related literature and consist of journals, textbooks, both publisher texts and unpublished work as internet. A sample was drawn from the population which assisted the study. The sample size for the research will be made up of twenty five (25) from the total number of the population area. The sampling method that has to be adopted is simple random method. It was discovered that when the entrepreneurship education is well founded in the various schools the respondent attended earlier. But to the superior of the research majority of respondent agreed that vocational education is not well founded in the school key attend earlier. The entrepreneurship education programme which has been incorporated in college of education along side other discipline es like science, agricultural science and mathematics education.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i
Approval
Page-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
Declaration-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
Certification----------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv
Acknowledgement---------------------------------------------------------------------------v
Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vi
Table of
Contents---------------------------------------------------------------------------vii
CHAPTER ONE:
1.1 Background of the
Study------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 Statement of the
Problems---------------------------------------------------------4
1.3 Objectives of the
Research----------------------------------------------------------5
1.4 Research
Questions---------------------------------------------------------------------5
1.5 Hypothesis-------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
1.6 Research
Methodology----------------------------------------------------------------6
1.6.1 Research
Design---------------------------------------------------------------------6
1.6.2 Sources of
Data----------------------------------------------------------------------6
1.6.3 Population Sample and Sample
Techniques----------------------------------6-7
1.7 Significance of the Research-------------------------------------------------------7
1.8 Scope and Limitation of The
Research-------------------------------------------7-8
1.9 Definition Of Key
Terms-------------------------------------------------------------8
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 The
Concept of Entrepreneurship----------------------------------------------9
2.2
Effect of Entrepreneurship Education-----------------------------------------11
2.3
Objectives of Entrepreneurship Education -----------------------------------12
2.4 The
Concept of Youth Unemployment-----------------------------------------13
2.5 Hoe
Entrepreneurship Education Could Help in Job Creation------------14
2.6
Challenges of Entrepreneurship Education-------------------------------------16
2.7
Remedies of The
Challenges-------------------------------------------------------17
2.8
Summary and
Review---------------------------------------------------------------18
CHAPTER THREE:
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Design
-----------------------------------------------------------------------19
3.2
Sources of Data
------------------------------------------------------------------------19
3.3
Population, Sample size, and Sampling Techniques ------------------------------19
3.4
Method of Data
Collection-----------------------------------------------------------20
3.5
Method of Data Analysis
------------------------------------------------------------20
CHAPTER FOUR:
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
4.1 Introduction-----------------------------------------------------------------------------21
4.2 Data
Presentation----------------------------------------------------------------------21
CHAPTER FIVE
SMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary of Major
Finding-------------------------------------------------------27
5.2
Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------28
5.3
Recommendations------------------------------------------------------------------28
Reference----------------------------------------------------------------------------------30
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Since
independence, Nigeria government became more and more aware of the short
comings and limitations of the colonial education heritage. Concerted efforts
are being made to make education functional and a tool for national
development. The history of entrepreneurship education in Nigeria according to
Adia(2011) started in the 1960s.This is seen from the various government
programmes such as the Entrepreneurship Development Centre(EDC), Nigeria
Industrial Development Bank (NIDB), National Directorate of Employment(NDE),
National Open Apprenticeship Scheme(NOAS),etc. As promising as they sound,
these programmes were short lived (Adia, 2011).
The
reason for the short life span of these programmes is not farfetched. It is
simply because they were not inculcated into the educational system. Education
is a powerful force that can ensure the sustainability of any worthwhile
ventures.
In
Nigeria today, school curriculum at all levels are now developed with
entrepreneurial mindset. This is with the aim that it will create
self-reliance, employment, and economic growth and development. It is in
response to the need for a more productive education that the 1969 curriculum
conference was convened by the then National Education Research Council (NERC).
Decisions at this conference led to the development of philosophy of education
and consequently, the National Policy on Education of 1977 which was
subsequently revised in 1981, 1998 and 2004. Ofoha (2014) believes that the
emergence of the 6-3-3-4 system of education in Nigeria which implementation
started in 1982 brought about significant innovations in Nigerian Education
system, but only in theory. There is no practical implementation. Among the
innovation is the ‘vocationalisation’ of the secondary school curriculum.
Prevocational subjects were introduced into the Junior Secondary School (JSS)
curriculum while vocational subjects were introduced into the Senior Secondary
School (SSS) curriculum (Ofoha, 2014).
Integrated
subjects such as Introductory Technology in the past were to prepare learners
to acquire basic vocation such as woodwork, metal work, basic electronics,
technical drawing, automobile mechanics, etc. This is to empower learners to be
productive at the end of the Junior Secondary School (Ofoha, 2014).
In
today’s curriculum, the above integrated subject is now called Basic
Technology. At the senior secondary school, the integrated vocational subjects
are now learnt separately. They include subjects such as Agricultural science,
food and nutrition, auto mechanics, commerce, typewriting, etc. Due to the
frequent review of Nigerian curriculum, various changes are made to accommodate
modern trend in education. The changes are merely change of nomenclature, the
structure and objectives remain the Okoli and Allahna 255 same. The subjects
mentioned above are aimed at developing entrepreneurial skills. Entrepreneurial
subjects such as photography, catering, craft, and data processing have been
recently added in the new secondary curriculum.
The
new secondary school curriculum structure which came into effect in September,
2011 has made it mandatory for every senior secondary school students to take
at least a subject from the trade/entrepreneurship subjects.
At the tertiary level, Ifedili and Ofoegbu
(2011) stated that in her efforts to ensure job opportunity and self-reliance,
the federal government of Nigeria through the ministry of education has made it
compulsory for every student in the university to take a course in
entrepreneurship before graduation. This is to free them from dependency on
white collar job, to be self-employed and self-reliant after graduation. With
all these efforts, the effects of entrepreneurship education are very low as
millions of Nigerians are dependent on the grossly inadequate government jobs.
Millions of graduates across the country gathered in various stadia sometime
this year for the Nigerian Immigration Service recruitment where less than a
hundred thousand were to be employed. This is an obvious indication that
entrepreneurship education practice is still very low in Nigeria.
Education
is the key to national development. This is because it unlocks the economic
potentials of the people; empowers and equips individuals in society to
participate in, and benefit from their national economy; facilitates economic
development and provides the basis for transformation (Aiyeduso, 2014).
Education is the essential tool for sustainability. The present global economic
crises suggest that the entire world is in a war between financial/qualitative
education and catastrophe (Aluwong, 2010).
Entrepreneurship
education is part of the total educational system. It is the type of education
that involves the acquisition of skills, ideas and management abilities
necessary for job creation. An entrepreneur promotes employment rather than
seeking for an employment. Therefore, there is a need to embrace this type of
education and provide all the necessary resources needed to make it functional.
Quality entrepreneurship education could be used as a tools for fighting the
war against poverty and unemployment in Nigeria. Education is said to be
qualitative when the input such as student, teachers, finance, infrastructure
and equipment and all these are converted through teaching and learning (theory
and practical) and produce a desirable output is better equipped to serve
themselves and the society.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The
dexterity with which hunger and poverty have devastated lives and future
ambition of youths especially graduates in Nigeria, have led to scholars
prescribing entrepreneurship development as the permanent cure for extreme
hunger and poverty necessitated by unemployment hence economic displacement is
one of the external forces that influence the development of entrepreneurship
(Okoli, 2009).
Youth
unemployment is a global problem that governments all over the world are
contending with. As a result, there is an increasing demand for entrepreneurs
in Kano state today. Both developed and developing countries are trying to lure
entrepreneurs who can create their own wealth and create jobs for others with
ideas, skills and capital in order to enhance economic growth. The level of
unemployment in Nigeria seems to have continued to exacerbate despite various
measures and strategies that Nigerian government have adopted over the years.
In bid to reduce youth unemployment in Kano state.
Very
much has been doing in the provision of finance, infrastructures and enabling
business environment among others, but as much as they have been doing, very
little have been achieved because the youths have not been developed in line
with necessary skills. Their potentials have not been fully developed to the
level of creating jobs for others.
This
study suggests that entrepreneurship education or competencies in the youth
have not been developed to serve as sufficient and most critical requirements
for success in business. The extent to which entrepreneurship education
development programmes have impacted on youth employment is worthy of
exploration. The great need for entrepreneurship development in Nigeria today,
more than ever, is necessitated by the rate of unemployment and its effect on
both the people and the nation and the need for small and medium enterprises.
The Nigerian economy is characterized by mirage of problems which have
constituted a sleepless night to developmental oriented governance. The most
disturbing thing in Kano State is menace of unemployment.
Therefore,
this research is intended to assess the effect of entrepreneurship education in
the provision of job opportunities in Kano State.
1.3
OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH
The
main objective of the study is to assess the effect of entrepreneurship
education in the provision of job opportunities in Kano State.
Three
objectives were developed in line with the main objectives, and these are:
Ø To
find out the effect of entrepreneurship education in the provision of Job
opportunities in Kano state.
Ø To
identify the impact of entrepreneurship education on youths in Kano state.
Ø To
find out the obstacles that affect entrepreneurship education development in
Kano state.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This
study seeks to answer the following research questions:
1. What
are effect of entrepreneurship education in the provision of Job opportunities
in Kano state?
2. What
impacts entrepreneurship education has on youths in Kano state?
3. What
are the obstacles that affect the entrepreneurship education in Kano state?
1.5 Hypothesis
Ho: Is
there any significant relationship between entrepreneurship education and
provision of job opportunities in Kano state?
Ho: There are
significant an impact in entrepreneurship education has on youths in Kano
state?
Ho: There any
significant obstacles that affect the entrepreneurship education in Kano state?
1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.6.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
The
research design that will be adopted for this research study is purely a survey
research design. The adoption of these types of research design involves the
use of questionnaire, which will be used in eliciting information for this
study. Furthermore, the questionnaires have been designed in such a way that
the question asked would provide useful answers to the research questions as
well as test the hypotheses of the study.
1.6.2 SOURCES OF DATA
Data
utilized for this research work were obtained from primary and secondary
sources of information.
1.6.3 POPULATION, SAMPLE SIZE, AND
SAMPL ING TECHNIQUES
The
target population of the study was made up of employers/graduates of business
administration in the study area, amounted to 75 from entrepreneurship
Development Centre and Research Kano State Polytechnic.
The
sample of the study is twenty five (25) employers/graduates of Business
administration in the study area. The sample will be selected from 75 graduates
of Business administration in the study area which is Entrepreneurship
Development Centre and Research Kano state polytechnic. As techniques used in
selecting as sample random techniques in which all respondents are given equal
chance of being selected.
1.7
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
This
study will be of immense benefit when made available through publication to
students, teachers, government and the society. It is also expected to be very
useful to youth in particular to enable them be aware of developments taking
place in entrepreneurship as it affects them and indeed the general public and
other stakeholders would derive tangible enlightenment on the recent
development of youth involvement in entrepreneurship. Other people who are expected to be duly
educated by the study are the student at all levels, independent researchers
and other interested parties.
This study is expected to fill gap created in
knowledge which has been created due to scanty studies on youth
entrepreneurship in Kano State.
1.7
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH
This
study focuses on the effect of entrepreneurship education in the provision of
job opportunities in Kano State the data collection will be conducted to 50
randomly selected students in Kano State polytechnic who will represent the
population.
This
research will not cover other problems that are not consider has one of the
stressors and depressants. Each represent is given the same questionnaires to
answer. The main source of data will be questionnaire, which will be prepared
by the researcher.
This
study is also limited to Kano State due to time factor and availability of the
data and incomes will be used to conduct the research.
1.7 DEFINATION OF KEY TERMS
Entrepreneurship
is highly risky but also can be highly rewarding, as it serves to generate
economic wealth, growth, and innovation.
Entrepreneur
is a person who undertakes the risk of starting a new business venture.
An
Entrepreneur creates a firm to realize their idea, known as entrepreneurship,
which aggregates capital and labour in Order to produce goods or services for
profit.
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