ABSTRACT
The study investigates and assesses the provision
and control of educational resources and its effect on students’ academic
performance in Lagos education district II. The study was a descriptive survey
of correlation type. The sample of respondents for the study comprised of male
and female principals and teachers in all the sampled schools for the study.
However, simple random sampling procedure was adopted to select twenty-five
(25) respondents (principals and teachers) from each school, making a total of
One Hundred and fifty (150) respondents for the study. A questionnaire entitled
“Educational Resource provision and control Questionnaire” (ERPCQ) was used to
elicit information from the principals and teachers of the sampled secondary
schools while the final results of
senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) for three years (2010 to
2012) session was also used to determine the students’ academic performance.
Four research questions were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of
significance. Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistic technique was used
for testing the hypotheses. The result of the study revealed that a
significance relationship exist between educational resources variables such as
human resources and physical resources have significant effect on students’
academic performance while financial resources has no significant effect on
students’ academic performance. Based on the result of the study, the following
recommendations were made, among others: resources need for education should be
made available by the government, non-governmental organization and private
individuals. Principals in senior secondary schools should be encouraged to
have postgraduate degree in educational management. Teachers should be given
more opportunity for capacity development through seminar, workshops and access
to e-library.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Abstract v
Table of
contents vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background to
the study 1
Statement of the
problem 6
Purpose of the
study 7
Research
Questions 8
Objectives of
the study 9
Significance of
the study 9
Scope and
delimitation of the study 10
Research Design 11
Population of
the study 11
Sample and
Sampling technique 11
Research
instrument 11
Data analysis 12
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE
REVIEW
Introduction 14
Concept of
Educational resources 14
Instructional
Resources 15
Human resources 17
Material
resources 19
Physical
resources 20
Sport facilities 26
Space in
relation to enrolment 28
School design,
shape and health facilities 32
Summary 34
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction 36
Research Design 36
Population of
the study 36
Sample and
Sampling technique 37
The Instrument 37
Reliability of
Instrument 37
Procedure for
Data procedure 38
Procedure for
Data analysis 39
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
Introduction 40
Demographic Data
of the Respondents 40
Test of
hypotheses 42
Discussion of
findings 42
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, DISCUSSION, IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS
AND CONCLUSION
Introduction 49
Summary of
findings 49
Discussion of
findings 51
Implications 52
Recommendations 54
Summary and
conclusion 56
References 58
Appendix 62
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the Study
Education in its general sense is a
form of learning which the knowledge, skills and habits of a group of people
are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or
research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of other, but may
also be autodidactic. Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one
thinks feels or acts may be considered educational. Formal schooling or
education is commonly divided into stages such as preschool, primary school,
secondary school and then college, university or apprenticeship. However,
education has been identified as a vital tool for any nation’s development; it
has great social benefits especially in the modern, complex industrialized
societies. Philosophers of all periods, beginning with ancient stages, devolved
to it greats deal of attention. Accordingly, various theories regarding its
nature and objectives have come into being. Thus, the right to education has
been recognized by various governments. At the global level, article 13 of the United
Nations’ 1966 international covenant on economic, social and cultural rights
recognizes the right to everyone to an education. In most countries today,
education is compulsory for all children up to a certain age.
Education
acts as integrative force in society by communicating value that unites
different sections of society. The family may fail to provide the child the
essential knowledge of the social skills and value of the wider society. The
educational institutions can help the child to learn new skills and learn to
interact with people of different social backgrounds. Individuals must have
personalities shaped or fashioned in ways that fit into the culture and norms
of the society. Education has the functions of the formation of social
personalities. Education also helps in transmitting cultures through proper
molding of social personalities in this way; it contributes to the integration
to survive and reproduce them. Moreover, education aims at reformation of
attitudes wrongly developed by children already. For various reasons the child
may have absorbed a host of attitudes, belief and disbelief, loyalties and
prejudices, jealousy and hatred, etc. these are to be reformed. It is the
function of education to see that unfolded beliefs, illogical prejudices and
unreasoned loyalties are removed from the child’s mind, though the school has
its own limitation in this regards, it is expected to continue its effort in
reforming the attitudes of the child. Educational institutions instills
co-operative values through civic and patriotic is upon personal competition.
Conferring of status is one of the most important functions of education. The
amount of education one has is correlated with his class position. Clearly,
education trains in skills that are required by the economy. The relation
between the economy growth and education can be an exact one. For instance, the
number and productive capacity of engineering firms are limited by the numbers
of engineers produced by education. In planned economy, normally it is planned
years in advance to produce a definite number of doctors, engineers, teachers,
technicians, scientist, etc. to meet the social and economic needs of the
society. Education also fosters participants’ democracy. Participant’s
democracy in any large and complex society depends on literacy. Hence,
education helps in the training of the knowledge, mind, skill and character of
an individual. Literacy allows full participation of the people in democratic
processes and effecting voting. Literacy is a product of education. Educational
system has this economic as well as political significance.
Creating
standard based schools that are accountable for helping all students reach
higher level of achievements and the attainment of educational growth and
objectives as stipulated in the national policy on education (2004) requires
schools and relevant education districts to adequately provide and controls
educational resources. In essence, educational resources are materials both
(human and capital) which are utilize in other to achieve the goals objectives
of education – especially conducive teaching/learning environment,
instructional materials readily available to enhance teaching/learning. Adequate
textbooks to teach core subjects. Competent staffs to carry out the
instructional activities in the classroom and among many others. With the
creation of Lagos state in 1967, the ministry of education and community
development was set up as one of the ministries created at the time. It
immediately took over the gigantic task of administering the inherited
educational system using professional and administrative staff transferred to
the new state from the federal and western region ministries of education. The
ministry at that time was patterned after the system of the old western region
which had an inspectorate (now quality assurance) division as its professional
arm of the ministry. Education service in Lagos state is delivered through
agencies, boards and districts. Education districts in Lagos state supports
schools in becoming increasingly better in other to achieve the stated goals
and objectives of schools under its jurisdiction, they also identify the needs
of the school. Worldwide, a number of schools have recognizes the allocation of
resources to make dramatic improvements in students’ achievement. These high
performing schools organizes teaching staffs and students to allow for small
group sizes and more personal attention. These schools put more resources in
prevention than remediation. All educators and other adults in the school have
an explicit role in supporting students learning and new staff members fit the
needs and culture of the school. The school provides significant time and funds
for professional development. Technology is integrated into the curriculum, all
schools programs and funds support the overall school improvement design. If
schools have enough educational resources allocated to it and adequately
controlled by relevant authorities, instruction becomes easy and product of
such school will be of high quality. Availability and control of educational
resources are ingredients that are vital for the provision of social needs in
students. Students effective domain will be impaired if they do not have good
social interaction with these identified elements of schooling. Learning
however can be seen as modification of behavior which takes place through
simulating contacts with environment in or outside the school. Therefore,
provision and control of adequate educational resources such as quality staffs,
time, money, teaching and learning aids, instructional materials and among many
others are very essential.
With
these facts been acknowledged schools in Lagos state education district II
which is the focus of this research work lack access to adequate provision and
control of educational resources. In the case it is provided, it is usually in
low supply and is not well managed and controlled. A particular reference to
the mission statements of the Lagos state ministry of education is “to provide
high quality education, accessible to all learners through effective and
efficient management of resources for the attainment of self-reliance and
socio-economic development. Hence, the above vis-à-vis, the reality on ground
with cognizance to the Lagos state education district II which is the focus
herein tells that there is a problem that requires dramatic measures as matter
of urgency. Thus, when we examined the afore-explained provision and control of
educational needs which are important to have a qualitative education in
relation to what we have on ground in the district in focus, we will discover a
huge discrepancy which needs to be looked into, one which renders the mission
statements of the ministry of education fallacious.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Flowing
from the background to the study, and having explained in the above what
education is as well as the need for adequate provisions and control of
educational resources, it is important to note herein that schools under the
administration of Lagos state education district II do not have access to
certain provision of educational resources and in the case it is provided, it
is not properly managed and controlled. However, the space to learn is one of
the basic elements necessary to ensure access to education; in our society
today, most of our school facilities are deteriorating and are not conducive
for learning: Olaniyonu (2006). For instance, in a survey carried out by the
European investment Bank 2010, it was reported that the nature of education
offered by any school can be ascribed to the availability of adequate
educational resource, in essence students’ academic and social performance are
affected by adequate provision and control of educational resources. One of the
essential aspects of universal basic education (U.B.E) implementation
strategies is to forestall the deteriorating state of school infrastructure and
improve access to education. To what extent is the government responding to
this problem? However, the concern of this researcher is to assess the
provision and control of educational resources in Lagos state education
district II.
1.3 purpose
of the study
The
general purpose of the study is to investigate and assess the provision and
control of educational resources and its effect on students academic
performance in Lagos state education district II.
Specifically,
the purpose of the study includes:
1.
To examine the relationship between the
provision and control of educational resources in schools under Lagos state
education district II on the attainment of students academic performance.
2.
To ascertain the availability of new
training technologies for instructions in schools under the Lagos state
education district II.
3.
To explain the extent to which the
enrolment of pupils in schools under Lagos education district II match the
available educational resources.
4.
To determine the extent instructional
facilities made available influence teaching of different subjects in schools
under Lagos state education district II.
1.4 Research Questions
1.
Are there any significant relationships
between educational resources and students academic performance in Lagos education
district II?
2.
Is there any significant relationship
between material resource provision, utilization and students academic
performance in Lagos education district II?
3.
What is the relationship between the
availability and control of physical resources and students academic
performance in Lagos education district II?
4.
Is there any relationship between the
availability and utilization of financial resources and students academic
performance in Lagos education district II?
1.5 Objectives
of the Study
1.
To examine if there are there any
significant relationships between educational resources and students academic
performance in Lagos education district II.
2.
To find out if there any significant
relationship between material resource provision, utilization and students
academic performance in Lagos education district II.
3.
To explain what is the relationship
between the availability and control of physical resources and students
academic performance in Lagos education district II
4.
To find out if there are any
relationship between the availability and utilization of financial resources
and students academic performance in Lagos education district II
1.6 Significance
of the study
It
is anticipated the study will provides useful information to policy makers in
Lagos state, especially in education district II, not only on how to make
provision for high standard of educational resources but on how to cultivate
maintenance culture. It will also motivate the state government to see the need
to make yearly inventory of available infrastructure in relation to admission
into secondary schools in education district II since such inventory will aid
the provision of enough accommodation for student’s educational programs. This study will intimate people’s knowledge of
how to appreciate values and sensitize them on how to equate high standard with
effective instructions. This study promotes awareness on the process of
planning public facilities; it intends to bring about improvements in the
culture of school planning and management. It will assist government and
educational planners to realize the extent to which constant provision and
adequate control of educational resources would enhances instructions.
1.7 Scope and delimitation of the study
This
study is an evaluation study on the available resources in junior secondary
schools in Lagos state education district II and how they comply with the
expected mission statement of the Lagos state Ministry of Education. The study
includes both public and private junior secondary schools in education district
II. The study also focus on both human and material resources such as physical
facilities, fiscal facilities, instructional and school environment in Lagos
state education district II only.
1.8 Research
Design
This
study will adopt the descriptive survey research design. Descriptive survey was
considered suitable for this study because it looks with intense accuracy at
the phenomenon in question and describes exactly what the researcher sees on
ground, in terms of educational resources.
1.9 Population of the study
The
population of the study will consist of all selected public secondary schools
in Lagos education district II. Simple random sampling
procedure was adopted to select twenty-five (25) respondents (principals and
teachers) from each school, making a total of One Hundred and fifty (150)
respondents for the study.
1.10 Sample and Sampling technique
The
simple random sampling method was used to select the schools under each local
government in the district. Simple random sampling technique
was adopted to select twenty-five from each school.
1.11 Research Instrument
The
instrument will be designed by the researcher to assess the level of adequacy
of educational resources available in selected schools. Educational resource
provision and control questionnaire (ERPCQ) will be used.
1.12 Data Analysis
The
researcher will observe all educational resources available in selected
schools. Data will be displayed in a tabular form and analyzed in chapter four
of this study.
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