ABSTRACT
The
robot control using an RF module is simply a robotic system whose control and
functioning is achieved by the use of a radio frequency based remote. This
project implements the principle of artificial intelligence to develop a mobile
robot that is controlled using the hand held remote device controlled from a
distance away from the robots position. The project is implemented with 8051
microcontroller which forms the heart of the project. The microcontroller
controls both the remote control and the robot controlled in the project. The
8051 microcontroller is used to make all the necessary calculations that are
required for the operation of the robot.
The
robot also consists of the RF module which is simply a radio frequency
transmitter and a receiver pair which has the ability to support digital
operations. The system comprises of the transmitter unit and the receiver unit.
The transmitter is implemented on the hand held control unit (remote) of the
project which is used to send the control signals required for the directional
control of the robot while the receiver decodes the transmitted message and
uses the signal to control the operation of the robot.
The
project also consists of the LCD (liquid crystal display) unit which is used to
display all necessary information required for the operation of the project. In
the operation of the project, the user simply selects the direction he requires
the toy car shaped robot to run and this is transmitted to the receiver which
in turn decodes the massage and uses the information to control the robot to
the desired direction.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
of the study
1.2 Objective
of the study
1.3 Significance
of the study
1.4 Scope
of the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature
review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Historical
Review of Robots
2.3 Review
of Related Project Works
2 Embedded
System
2.5 Description
of the Project
2.6 Modification
from Other Designs
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 Design
and construction
3.1 Acquisition
of Research Materials
3.2 Project
Design
3.2.1 The
power supply unit
3.2.2 The
Rectification
3.2.3 The
Filtration
3.2.4 The
Voltage regulation Unit
3.2.5 The
MCU oscillation input unit
3.2.6 Finding
the period circle
3.2.7 The
reset circuit
3.2.8 The
Microcontroller Unit
3.2.9 Features
ofAT89S52:
3.2.10 The
Keyboard Unit
3.2.11 The
Concept of RF Transmission
3.2.12 Properties
of RF
3.2.13 Brief
Description of RE
3.2.14 RE
Advantages
3.2.16 RF
Disadvantages
3.2.17 RE
Transmitter
3.2.18 Factors
Influenced to Choose STT-433MHz
3.2.19 Pin
description
2220 Features
3221 RF
Receiver
3.2.22 The
Relay Driver Unit
3.2.24 The
LCD Display Unit
3.2.25 The
System Operation
3.3 System
Circuit Diagram
3.4 Construction
3.4.1 Constructional
Layout Design:
3.4.2 Assemb1y
Placement of Components.
3.4.3 Soldering
Process
3.4.4 The
Mechanical Fabrication Unit
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Testing
and Results
4.2 Cost
Analysis of the Project
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Recommendation
5.2 Conclusion
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
TABLE OF
FIGURES
Figure 2.1: The
Block Diagram of the Project
Figure 3.1: Circuit
Diagram for the Power Supply Unit
Figure 3.2: The
Circuit for a Bridge Rectifier
Figure 3.3: Circuit
Showing Capacitor Filtration
Figure 3.4: Circuit
Diagram for the Regulator Unit
Figure 3.5: The
Oscillation Circuit Of 8051
Figure 3.6: Pin
Configuration of the AT89CS1 Microcontroller
Figure 3.7: The
Keypad Unit
Figure 3.8: the
RF Module
Figure 3.9: Relay
Driver Circuit Using Single Transistor Figure 3.10: Interfacing the LCD to the
8051 MCU
Figure 3.11: The
Generalized Circuit Diagram for the Project
Figure 3.12: Thet
font 3D View of the Mechanical Design
Figure 3.13: The
Top 3D View of the Project
Figure 3.14: The
back View of the Mechanical Design of the Project
LIST OF
TABLES
Table 4.1: Test
and Results Table
Table 4.2: The
Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation of the Project
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
A robot is a
mechanical or virtual intelligent agent that can perform tasks automatically or
with guidance, typically by remote control. In practice a robot is usually an
electro mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic
programming. Robots can be autonomous, semi-autonomous or remotely controlled.
Robotics can be described as the current pinnacle of technical development.
Robotics is a confluence science using the continuing advancements of
mechanical engineering, material science, sensor fabrication, manufacturing
techniques, and advanced algorithms.
There is no
one definition of robot which satisfies everyone and many people have their
own. For example Joseph Eagleburger, a pioneer in industrial robotics, once
remarked: can’t define a robot, but I know one when I see one.” According to
the Encyclopedia Britannica a robot is “any automatically operated machine that
replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or
perform functions in a humanlike manner.” The word “robot” comes from the Czech
word “Robota,” which means “slave-like labor “ or “forced-work”.
Merriam-Webster describes a robot as a “machine that looks like a human being
and performs various complex acts (as walking or talking) of a human being”, or
a “device that automatically performs complicated often repetitive tasks”, or a
“mechanism guided by automatic controls”, Robotics can be defined as the
science or study of the technology primarily associated with the design,
fabrication, theory, and application of robots. While other fields contribute
the mathematics, the techniques, and the components, robotics creates the
magical end product. The practical applications of robots drive development of
robotics and drive advancements in other sciences in turn. Crafters and
researchers in robotics study more than just robotics.
When
societies first began developing, nearly all production and effort was the
result of’ human labor, as well as with the aid of semi- and fully domesticated
animals. As mechanical means of performing functions were discovered, and
mechanics and complex mechanisms were developed, many tasks began to require
less for human labor.
Machinery was
initially used for repetitive functions, such as lifting water and grinding
grain. With technological advancement more complex machines were slowly
developed, such as those invented by Hero of Alexandria (in Egypt) in the 1st
century AD and the first half of the second millennium AD.
Robots in
antiquity and through the Middle Ages were used primarily for entertainment.
However, the 20th century featured a boom in the development of industrial
robots. Through the rest of the century, robots changed the structure of
society and allowed for safer conditions for labor. In addition, the
implementation of advanced robotics in the military and NASA has changed the
landscape of national defense and space exploration. Robots have also been
influential in the media and profitable for toy manufacturers. Robots began as
entertainment for royalty. Inventors such as Al-Jazari and Leonardo Da Vinci
worked to build automatons for their benefactors. Al-Jazari built a floating
band that resembled humans and performed various songs and drum beats depending
on the programming of a series of pegs. Da Vinci created an automation based on
the knight’s armor. It could stand and move its arms and neck, as well as open
its mouth. Since the invention of the robots, many designs of robots have being
made for various functions in the world all the various robots are designed for
their specific functions and thus there is specialization in their operation.
The robot that is designed in this concept is specialized for industrial use in
such places a production, security and home cleaning. (http:llwww.ehow.com).
1.2 OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
• The aim
of this project is to design a robot that is controlled using a wireless means,
radio frequency to be precise
• The main
objective of implementing this project is to practically apply all the
electrical and mechanical engineering principles that have being studied.
• The
project also examines the application principles of embedded systems and how to
use these principles to implement expert systems. And f to put the principles
of artificial intelligence into real life application.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
In today’s
modem life, technology has contributed in peoples lives in many ways.
Especially robotic systems with artificial intelligence can perform many
industrial duties and getting to be increasingly important for some people However,
there are those who think that robots have negative effect on people and can
bring extreme danger in the future. These points of view must be addressed
accordingly It has also been proven, that robotic systems have benefited in
many ways. For instance, few robots have helped children with developmental
disabilities; others have improved the health status of people with different
deficiencies. People who have experienced therapy robots in their lives have
commented that robots brought confident in their lives as well as solved
problems with their health. The other fact is that in some industrial countries
robots are helping children with deficiencies to develop faster arid have influenced
positively to their behavior.
1.4 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The project
covers a wide range of areas of applications that include the use of the robot
for room cleaning function; the robot can also be used’ in a manufacturing
process to transfer materials from one end to another. It also, finds an important
application in security surveillance systems where they can be used as a spy machine.
They can also be used by the military for security and surveillance. The
project based on its design is expected to carry an additional weight of about
1kg and can be controlled at a range of about 10 Meter from the place where the
robot is placed and also has the ability to run for a couple of hours.
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