ABSTRACT
The study is titled the impact of
entrepreneurship development on job creation in Nigeria: A case study of Dutse
Ultra-modern Market, this research is planned into five chapters. Chapter one
present background of the study that establish the need of the study and the
set forth it is purpose. It also present the statement of the problem, the
objectives, the significance of the study, statement of hypothesis, scope of
the study and plan of the study. Chapter two deals with the literature review
on the conceptual framework, concept of entrepreneurship, concept of
entrepreneurship development in Nigeria, the concept of entrepreneurship
philosophy, the concept of unemployment, empirical studies, development and
economic growth entrepreneurship role on entrepreneurial activities, role of
Supporting institution in entrepreneurship development and unemployment,
theoretical framework, economic entrepreneurship theories and the psychological
entrepreneurship theories. In chapter three, the research discuss the method
and techniques of sampling, data collection and data analysis used in this
research work which help in finding answers to the Research questions and to
achieve the stated objectives of the research, simple random, sampling
technique is the adopted sampling method for the research, a sample size of 89
selected entrepreneurs . Chapter four discusses data analysis and presentation
of result on survey data collected using questionnaire. The researcher was also
able to test the research hypothesis that was tested.
Table
of Contents
Title
page…………………………………….………..………………………………………i
Approval
page……………………………………..…….……………………………………ii
Declaration
page………………………………………………………………………………iii
Certification……………………………………………………………………………………iv
Dedication……………………………………………………………………………...………v
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………….…vi
Table
of contents…………………………………………………………………………..…vii
List
of tables………………………………………………………………………………….viii
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………ix
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………1
Background of the
study……………………………………………………………………1
1.2
Statement of research problem…………………………………………………3
1.3
objectives of the study…………………………………………………3
1.4
Research question…………………………………………………3
1.5
Research hypothesis…………………………………………………4
1.6
Significance of the study…………………………………………………4
1.7
Scope of the study…………………………………………………5
1.8
Limitation of the study…………………………………………………5
1.9
Definitions of terms…………………………………………………5
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0
Literature review…………………………………………………7
2.1
Introduction…………………………………………………7
2.2
Conceptual framework…………………………………………………7
2.2.1 The concept of
entrepreneurship…………………………………………………7
2.2.2
The concept of entrepreneurship development…………………………………8
2.2.3
Entrepreneurship development in Nigeria ……………………………9
2.2.4
The concept of entrepreneur philosophy…………………………………………………11
2.2.5
The concept of unemployment…………………………………………………11
2.2.5.1
Types and causes of unemployment…………………………………………………12
2.3
Empirical studies…………………………………………………13
2.3.1
Entrepreneurial development and economic development………………………13
2.3.2
Entrepreneurship development and job creation………………………………14
2.3.3
Entrepreneurial development and poverty reduction……………………………15
2.3.4
Entrepreneurship and economic growth…………………………………………………16
2.3.6
Role of supporting institutions in entrepreneurship development……………………17
2.4
Theoretical framework…………………………………………………18
2.4.1
Economic entrepreneurship theories…………………………………………………19
2.4.1.1
Classical theory…………………………………………………19
2.4.1.2
Neoclassical theory…………………………………………………19
2.4.1.3
Australian market process (amp) …………………………………………………20
2.4.2
Psychological entrepreneurship theories…………………………………………………21
2.4.2.1
Personality trait theory…………………………………………………21
2.4.3
Sociological entrepreneurial theory…………………………………………………22
2.4.4
Anthropological entrepreneur theory…………………………………………………23
2.4.5
Opportunity based entrepreneurship theory……………………………………………24
2.4.6
Resource based entrepreneurship theory…………………………………………………24
2.4.7
Summary…………………………………………………24
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
Research methodology…………………………………………………26
3.1
Introduction…………………………………………………26
3.2
Research design…………………………………………………26
3.3
Population and sampling…………………………………………………26
3.3.1
The population…………………………………………………26
3.3.2
The sample…………………………………………………27
3.4
Data collection instruments and measurement……………………………………………27
3.4.1
Source of data…………………………………………………27
3.4.2
Instrument…………………………………………………27
3.4.3
Independent variable…………………………………………………28
3.4.4
Dependent variable…………………………………………………28
3.5
Data analysis techniques…………………………………………………28
3.6
Summary…………………………………………………29
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0
Data analysis and presentation of results……………………………………………30
4.1
Introduction…………………………………………………30
4.2
Data presentation…………………………………………………30
4.4
Test of hypothesis…………………………………………………39
4.5
Summary…………………………………………………41
CHAPTER
FIVE
Summary recommendation
and conclusion…………………………………………………43
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………….43
Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………..44
Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………….45
References……………………………………………………………………………………45
Questionnaire…………………………………………………………………………………47
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It
is generally known that small-scale business at the engines of every
Development Academy and they provide the best opportunity for job creation and
half for thousands of people who have good ideas but lack the financial support
to implement their dreams in big ways, between every large firms, industries or
corporations and the consumers there are thousands of small and medium
enterprises (SMEs) orbusinesses whose existence provide the solid foundation under
planning of most of the economy of the world. The near absence of such
enterprises or failure to give them necessary policy attention they deserve
usually results in the economic problems for a country (Aruwa 2004).
Experience
for entrepreneurship development in every country provides the brightest for
generating jobs. Nigeria, like any other developing country with relatively low
per capita income, looks into entrepreneurship development. One of the most
critical development issues in Nigeria revolves around the need to design and
implement policies and strategies for an effective competitive and diversified
industrial system. This is particularly important when one considers the
countries endowment. Therefore, think less of small and medium scale business
but a clear examination will show that small and medium scale Business Ventures
are also extremely important in our societal development.
Most
of today's business giants Started From dreams and dedication of perhaps 1
person, why backbone of our economic system and on those business e.g. (oil and
steel companies etc.) and medium-scale Industries constitute the muscle that
enable such business competitors.
Government
of Nigeria in realisation of the importance of small-scale medium Industries to
the development of the economy in the first national development plan (1962 to
1968) then introduced import substitution Industries. In the second national
development plan in early 1980s the main strategies of the industrial policy
while foreign exchange policy and trade regulations investment incentives and
special incentives to provide credit and technical assistance to small scale
Industries. Under the structural adjustment programme (sap) framework, having
recognised expenditure with increases revenue from Petroleum was launched in
1989 which emphasizes direct government realisation process for the first time,
define small and medium-scale Enterprises are the main focus and strategy for
the development of the goal of economic self-reliance. This is why in recent
years particularly since the adaptation of economic reform programme in Nigeria
in 1986 there had been cry for the from the grandiose capital-intensive scale
industry entrepreneurs which have the potential for developing domestic linkage
for rapid sustainable industrial development. The danger is that the absence of
good entrepreneurs in the economy the system will not be able to stimulate any
form of expansion. The Nigerian economy had expressed a prolonged recession
leaving millions of Nigerians unemployed with many social problems let's not
forget that developed countries such as South Korea Japan and United States of
America used to and continue to rely on the entrepreneurship development as a
veritable source of their economic growth (Adewale 2002).
The
importance of entrepreneurship development in the revitalization of the
Nigerian economy cannot be overstated because this is some of the bedrock of
economic growth and prosperity in any progressive economy. Statistics have
shown that 98% of workers in Great Britain are in the small and medium
Enterprises (SME)entrepreneurship development sector, in India the figure is
80% and is rising. Firms have been promoting indigenous technology and
utilisation of raw materials through the processing of well input (Adewale
2002). It is the anticipated contribution of entrepreneurship development of
the country that promoted the choice of the research topic.
1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
The
idea for the establishment of the National directorate of employment (NDE) was
conceived with special emphasis to create employment to the Nigerian youth
through self-reliance and entrepreneurship, like a reoccurring disease this is
a national concern.
This
study therefore attempt to investigate the challenges and prospects as well as
the impacts of entrepreneurship development in reversing the trend of
unemployment in Nigeria especially at this period of economic competition and
globalisation.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The
main purpose of this research work is to examine the impact of entrepreneurship
development on job creation in Nigeria.
Other
specific objectives are to;
a) Identify
policies and measures for entrepreneurship development.
b) Examine
the various ways through which entrepreneurship development can help in the
advancement of local technology in Jigawa State.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
This
research intends to answer the following questions;
a) To
what extent are the major sport policies put the challenges faced by
entrepreneurs in Jigawa State successfully.
b) To
what extent are the entrepreneurs utilizing technology for their development.
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Below
null hypothesis was formulated to address the objectives stated and to answer
questions research.
Ho:
Entrepreneurship development does not have significant impact on job creation
in Nigerian economy.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Entrepreneurship
is a cornerstone of development strategies for emerging economies, it has
garnered support among a broad spectrum of scholars, policymakers and
government (Nigeria 2009).
The
relevance of the study in simplicity based on its ability to assist
policy-makers to formulate formal policy supportive of informal service
operators, especially against the background that knowledge acquired from
entrepreneurship development sharpens the sector operators thereby to increase
job creation. The significant of the study cannot be overemphasized.
The
study is also significant in the following ways;
a) It
will also add and improve the existing literature on the issue of
entrepreneurship development in relation to job creation.
b) The
findings are expected to guide government policymakers in drawing policies that
has to do with encouraging entrepreneurship development and by implication
opportunities for Employment and
c) It
is also significant because it is requirement in partial fulfillment of the
award of the advanced diploma in Business Administration (ADBAM).
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This
is concerned with impact of entrepreneurship development creation and
employment generation in Nigeria with special reference to Jigawa State. The
study will concentrate on Enterprises within Dutse Ultra-modern Marketonly due
to the High concentration of the entrepreneurs within the municipality. The
study will cover period of five years spanning from 2005-2017.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
In
the course of carrying out this study, the researcher encountered some
challenges. These include unavailability of sufficient, inability to access the
required materials for the completion of the work, lack of time in meeting with
the deadline for submission of the work and others. Nonetheless, such
challenges were not allowed to diminish the enthusiasms level in accomplishing
stated objectives and hypothesis.
1.9 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is the process of
designing, launching and running a new business, which is often initially
a small business. The people who create these businesses
are called entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneur:An
entrepreneur is an individual who creates a new business, bearing most of the
risks and enjoying most of the rewards. The entrepreneur is commonly seen as an
innovator, a source of new ideas, goods, services, and business/or procedures.
Job Creation:
The process of creating new jobs,especially to provide work for people who
are unemployed:
Job: A job, or occupation, is a person's role in society. More specifically, a
job is an activity, often regular and often performed in exchange for payment ("for a living").
Employment: Employment is a
relationship between two parties, usually based on a contract where work is
paid for, where one party, which may be a corporation, for profit, not-for-profit
organization, co-operative or other entity is the employer and the other is the employee.
Unemployment: Unemployment, or joblessness, is a situation in which able-bodied people
who are looking for a job cannot find a job.
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