CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

One excellent source of protein in human diet is meat, it has long been known for its high nutrients composition hence consumed by many people worldwide. The protein profile of meat has been described as excellent due to the presence of all the essential amino acids required by the body (Hiza, 2008).  Meat market make an important contribution to the well-being of people, The protein and vitamins especially vitamin A and B12 in meat is not available in plant sources  The increased demand for meat is as a result of increased urbanization, higher disposable income and the human desire for a greater variety in their diets large proportion of the people living in towns and urban centers consume beef (Lawric, 2016) Meat is an important source of protein and a valuable commodity in ' resource-poor communities However, while meat is a rich nutrient source, it can also be a potential vehicle of human Food borne illness.

In Nigeria, there   is lack of quantitative   data to assess hygiene and pathogen presence along the meat continuum and risk factors. Meat is highly prone to microbial contamination due to its rich source of nutrients which provide a suitable environment for growth of microbes. The microbial growth can lead to meat spoilage and food borne infections in human resulting in economic losses  Illness due to eating of contaminated food is perhaps the most significant wide spread health problem and an important cause of reduced economic productivity in the world (WHO, 2009). In appropriate Slaughtering and retails operation compromise food safety and more so, in densely populated area like formal settlement. Slaughtering process is frequently unhygienic and this make meat to be easily contaminated.

Microbial food poisoning or infections for that matter is a serious public health issue which should be of concern to all.  The widespread distribution of raw meat and meat products which are potential vehicle for transmitting food borne disease makes the consequences of meat contamination more serious.

1.2 Statement of` the Research Problem

Contamination could come from unhygienic slaughtering, handling and processing conditions or from inherent micro flora in normal tissues of animals, air and environment. Different microbes get introduced at each stage of meat processing after slaughtering, and these tend to contaminate the meat.

This study will be conducted to map out microbial contamination and further assessed the microbial quality of fresh beef sold in Dutse ultra-modern market. It will be important to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus that are indicators of excessive human bacteriological quality of meat has also evaluated  recorded risk an reported due to meat, presence of pathogens hence infection these pathogens end up undetected food borne infection leads to death of many and the resulting diarrheal disease therefore this  warrants the need to determine the meat quality and hence necessary intervention recommended

1.3 Aim and objectives of the study

The general objective of the study is to determine whether meat consumed from Dutse ultra-modern market is fit for human consumption. However, some of the specific objectives are as follows:

1.3.1 Specific Objectives 

1. To isolate   pathogenic strains of bacteria on meat samples.
2. To identify pathogenic strains of bacteria on meat samples
3. To determine the bacteria load on beef meat samples

1.4 Research Questions

1. What are the bacterial counts in the sampled fresh beef meat, sold in Dutse ultra-modern market?
2. Which bacterial pathogens are present in the fresh beef meat offered for sale in Dutse ultra-modern market?
3. What are the bacteria load on beef meat samples sold in Dutse ultra-modern market?  

1.5 Research Hypotheses

Contamination could come from unhygienic slaughtering, handling and processing conditions or from inherent micro flora in normal tissues of animals, air and environment which could be passed on with meat and be consume. Therefore, this research is to determining the safety for human consumption of fresh beef meat, sold in Dutse ultra-modern market.

1.6 Significance of the study

The finding of this study may give an insight on the possible contamination areas that could be investigated in cases of food poisoning. Data from this study will also be of use to hygiene officers and food handlers in improving and strengthening hygienic production of retail meat to avoid bacterial food contamination. In addition, the findings will form the basis of recommendations which if implemented will improve sanitation programs.  The results of the research will be useful to stakeholders as primary health care workers, environmental sanitation officer’s etc.

1.7 Scope and Delimitation

The main scope of this study is to adequate financial resources for the microbial analysis of sample and was limited to accessing bacterial quality of fresh beef meat samples sold in Dutse Ultra-Modern market

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