SURVEY ON THE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING DUTSE GENERAL HOSPITAL, DUTSE JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT

This research was conducted among the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Dutse L.G.A attending General Hospital Dutse. One hundred and fifty participants were randomly selected and interviewed using standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into two parts; the first part captured demographical characteristics and second part was designed to captured respondent knowledge toward the pulmonary tuberculosis infectious. Total of 150 respondents 90(60%) were male and 60(40%) female, majority of them was within the Age group of 25-34years (40%), 90(60%) of them were single, most of them attended Tertiary and Secondary education (40% and 40%). The study revealed that 120(80%) have heard of pulmonary tuberculosis while 30(20%) they never heard of its, 60(90%) have learned about pulmonary tuberculosis in Hospital followed by school 30(20%). 15(10%) of the respondents stated Bacteria as causective Agent while 135(90%) mentioned virus.120 (80%) were enlightened on the pulmonary tuberculosis. However, 120(80%) of the respond Agreed children are more infected then the adult. This study which carried out survey on the pulmonary tuberculosis the high level knowledge found in this study is related to the high education status of the respondents as 120(80%) of them attended either secondary or tertiary. Low education was detected as major drawback for effective control of this infection. Information campaign and enlightment should be focus on high risk group like children and pregnant women.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Declaration      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -i

Certification    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -ii

Approval page -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -iii

Dedication      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -iv

Acknowledgement      -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -v

Table of contents        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -vi

Abstract          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  Introduction          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -1

1.1 Background of the study  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -1

1.1 Statement of problem -     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -2

1.2 Significance of the study  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -2

1.3 Aim and objectives-          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -2

1.4 Scope and delimitation     -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -3

1.5 Definition of terms           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -4

2.2 Sign and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis    -           -           -           -           -           -5

2.3 Diagnostic investigation   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -5

2.4 Presentation manifested by the patient     -           -           -           -           -           -           -5

2.5 Laboratory investigation on admission     -           -           -           -           -           -           -6

2.6 General medical management of pulmonary tuberculosis            -           -           -           -6

2.7       Prevention and control            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -7

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Methodology        -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -8

3.1 Study area and study population -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -8

3.2 Research design    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -8

3.3 Study area             -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -8

3.4 Population of the study    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -9

3.5 Sample and sampling techniques -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -9

3.6 Sample collection -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -9

3.7 Laboratory procedure for disposes tuberclosis tuberculosis         -           -           -           -10

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Result and discussion       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -13

4.1 Introduction          -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -13

4.2 Demographic characteristics of respondents        -           -           -           -           -           -13

4.3 Discussion -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -19

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Summary, conclusion and commendations           -           -           -           -           -           -21

5.1 Summary   -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -21

5.2 Conclusion            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -21

5.3 Recommendation  -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -22

      References            -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -23

       Appendix I           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -24

       Questionnaire       -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -25

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease that primarily affects other part of the body including meningitis kidney, bone, muscles and lymphodes. (Brumer, 2004)

The primary infection agent (Mycobaterium tubaculosis) is an acid fast acrobie rod shape micro organism that groups slowly and is sensitive to heart and ultraviolet light.

Mycobacterium bovis and mycrobiacterium avium have rarely been associated with the development of tuberculosis infections (Talaro, 2004).

Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the evidence spread infection. 1.7 billion People of the spread world are  known to harbor mycobacterium tuberculosis but in most of these people the infection is in active people of all  ages who can contact tuberculosis but the heaviest impact is on  the young adults (workers, parent e.tc).

It is known that 25% of adult (15-59 years) deaths in the developing world are due to tuberculosis. The disease is most prevalent in the sub Sahara Africa, (Famakinwa, 2002).

Tuberculosis is a worldwide public problem and mortality and morbidity rates continue to rise. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects an estimated one third of the world population and remain the leading cause of death from 11% of all infectious diseases in the world. The World Health Organization estimated that tuberculosis is the cause of death for 11%of all patients with AIDS. Tuberculosis is closely associated with poverty, malnutrition, overcrowding, substandard housing and inadequate health care (Brumer, 2004).

Tuberculosis is an infection caused by one of two similar forms of mycobacterium, the main one being mycobacterium tuberculosis. Humans are the main host. The microbe that causes pulmonary tuberculosis is spread either by droplet infection from an individual with  active tuberculosis or in  dust contaminated by  infected sputum. It is less commonly in developed countries. Because of pasteurization of milk, tuberculosis can be caused by mycobacterium bovies, from cows (Rose and Wilson, 2010).

1.1       STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Based on the previous research conducted in the Dutse Local Government area of Jigawa State, (Dutse local government area) of the causes for the wide-spread of the tuberculosis disease within  the study area is that majority of the people residing in such environmental are  ignorant of the disease and also lack the required skill needed to handle or control such disease.

Secondly, most of the inhabitants within the study area do not practice good hygiene, particularly those living down the rural areas. They are exposed or are in contact with contaminated water, refuse, poor ventilations and sometime one could find 5 to 8 persons sleeping in a single room.

However, there are no sufficient health workers to counsel the citizen on how to organized themselves in order to be free from such disease. Hence, this research work intends to examine these obstacles to effective good health and free people from pulmonary tuberculosis within the study area.

1.2       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is to highlight the possible causes of pulmonary tuberculosis in Dutse Local Government Area of Jigawa State in order to pave way for the people living in the community to easily identify or know the causes of tuberculosis disease and as well as the effective management control or preventive measures against such disease.

1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

1.3.1 Aim

The aim of the research is to study the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among patient attending Dutse General Hospital, Jigawa State, Nigeria.

1.3.2 Objectives of the Study

The objective of the study is to; 

       i.            Collect a secondary data on the patients attending Dutse general Hospital.

     ii.            Determine the incidence rate base on location.

  iii.            Determine the prevalence state of the infection among patients.

1.4       SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This research focuses mainly on the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Dutse Local Government Area (General Hospital Dutse). However, the sampling or information will be centered on the community members within the study area. Because of time constraint and availability of resources, some members were selected for the purpose of this research while estimate were made regarding the entire community.

1.5       DEFINITION OF TERMS

-        Disease: It is an abnormal condition of the body that causes discomfort or dysfunction.

-        Pulmonary: It has to do with lungs or effect of the lungs.

-        Tuberculosis: An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tuberculosis characterized by the expectoration of mucus e.t.c.

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