ABSTRACT
This study is a descriptive research that examined carefully the pattern of relevant of youth organization in the development of rural communities, The significance of the study is to motivate the people within the rural area to understand the activities that may raise the level of their community in term of development and encouraging them for organization association in order to assist them in building their rural communities. Maslow hierarchy of need theory of motivation was adopted as the theoretical framework basis of the analysis 60 questionnaires were administered of which 50 were retuned and used for analysis. The primary is the method of data collection, and also the main aims of this research are to evaluate and analyzed the significance of community development in Nigeria with Dutse local government areas as a case study. The research intends to; Find out whether community development effort could be strategy for community development; Find out how people faced in community development; Examine the problems faced in community development with aims of finding a solution; To encourage the spirit of communal self – help and initiation for improvement of socio – economy condition in the community; To assist the communities in organizing themselves for self - help project; To establish and organized system of social service in order to make people self-reliance and able to participate fully in the development of the nation. The significance of the research is to help the local state government in their effort towards community development than government should know the situation in which community of this areas is and it will also help other researcher when conducting their research in a similar area to minimize his time and funds furthermore people of that area can easily know their responsibility to match together. The research is conclude that The rural community should adversely as possible to be concerned of inviting technical advisers and practitioners from external body when conducting and implementation of community development programmes and project for effective achievement and qualitative project for the benefit of the general public in their respective areas; and also research recommended that Good leadership always keeps the community abreast of their responsibility toward the development of the area self-help group select a reliable and entrusted people before resting with community responsibility; The voluntary association most be encouraged by both the government and well to do individuals in the society; on the other hand members of the community has to put support in numerous programmers that the groups stands for, support should be by way adequate finance, moral assistance both from within and out the community.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
page: ______________________________________________________ii
Approval
page: ____________________________________________________iv
Declaration
page: __________________________________________________iii
Dedication:
________________________________________________________v
Acknowledgement:
________________________________________________vi
Table
of content: ________________________________________________viii
Abstract:
________________________________________________________vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS 13
1.3
AIM AND OBJECTIVES 14
1.4
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 15
1.5
JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH 15
1.6
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY 16
1.7
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE AREA OF STUDY 16
1.8 DEFINITION OF SOME BASIC CONCEPT 17
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 20
2.1
INTRODUCTION 20
2.2
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 20
2.3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 26
CHAPTER
THREE
RESEARCHE
METHEDOLOGY
3.1
INTRODUCTION 35
3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY 35
3.3 SAMPLE SIZE 35
3.4.
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE 35
3.5
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTON 36
3.6
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 37
3.7 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS 37
CHAPTR FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION
AND ANALYSIS
4.1 INTRODUCTION 38
4.2
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA OF THE RESPONDENT 38
4.3
RESPONSES PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 41
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 51
5.1 SUMMARY: 51
5.2 CONCLUSION: 52
5.3 RECOMMENDATION: 53
BIBLOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 1
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Community
Development in his traditional and modern sense has been Identified as a method
that be used in transforming the lives of the rural people for the better.
But
as it now and looking at the current situation, community development bounds to
face some setbacks. It is therefore, and attempt at discovering these setback
that gave rise to the curiosity of the write up with a view to find the
possible solution to the problem. Even in the case of colonial period what was
specifically designed has been the ‘’ transformation ‘’ of rural area through
the ideas of community development. Therefore objectively, community
development has it is genesis right from the colonial era. Through the analysis
of situation the research intends to come up with possible measure that would
help to overcome the various problems face by rural communities in the area of
development. The focus of this project is about community development effort
through which members of different communities contribute more effectively to
the development of their respective areas.
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Must
development in our rural community their on the activities which have been made
by same association. Like that of self-helve group youth association and some
other voluntary organization which can develop the community. These are some
association which help in the development of rural communities bot the work is
carefully in the head of youth organization it take part on major activities,
of developing the rural community.
Youth
organization is the group of individual that organized themselves with a good
ambition of raising the living standard of their area therefore, for a rural
area to develop there must be a people participation and the participation is
based on individual and thorough youth organization. Rural community
development being a social process by which members of the community organized
themselves for any action and plan according to the people interest if make the
people to participate in any work that arise and to educated the people on how
they will develop their way of living and economic system as well social and
educational consciousness. Therefore this research work intend to outline the
basic and other related problems effectively the youth organization possible
resolution to rural development.
It's
important to remember, too, that evaluation is not a new activity for those of
us working to improve our communities. In fact, we assess the merit of our work
all the time when we ask questions, consult partners, make assessments based on
feedback, and then use those judgments to improve our work. When the stakes are
low, this type of informal evaluation might be enough. However, when the stakes
are raised when a good deal of time or money is involved, or when many people
may be affected then it may make sense for your organization to use evaluation
procedures that are more formal, visible, and justifiable.
Component
And Criteria Of Evaluating Theory
By evaluation, it refers to, the
systematic investigation of the merit, worth, or significance of an object or
effort. Evaluation practice has changed dramatically during the past three
decades - new methods and approaches have been developed and it is now used for
increasingly diverse projects and audiences. For more specific sectors (e.g.,
schools, work places), or for sub-groups (e.g., youth, people experiencing
violence or HIV/AIDS). This definition is meant to be very broad.
Examples of different types of programs include:
·
Direct service interventions (e.g., a
program that offers free breakfast to improve nutrition for grade school
children)
·
Community mobilization efforts (e.g.,
organizing a boycott of California grapes to improve the economic well-being of
farm workers)
·
Research initiatives (e.g., an effort to
find out whether inequities in health outcomes based on race can be reduced)
·
Surveillance systems (e.g., whether early
detection of school readiness improves educational outcomes)
·
Advocacy work (e.g., a campaign to
influence the state legislature to pass legislation regarding tobacco control)
·
Social marketing campaigns (e.g., a
campaign in the Third World encouraging mothers to breast-feed their babies to
reduce infant mortality)
·
Infrastructure building projects (e.g., a
program to build the capacity of state agencies to support community development
initiatives)
·
Training programs (e.g., a job training
program to reduce unemployment in urban neighborhoods)
·
Administrative systems (e.g., an incentive
program to improve efficiency of health services)
The
welfare concern Nigeria today were primarily related its general development as
it brings about social and economic development, the need for welfare because
very vital because of the steady population growth and the decline in urban
services and value of income that for the most of the people of the lower
income and malnutrition poverty illiteracy, poor wealth and as well as over
crowded house were the common problems.
According
to Onibokum (1987), rural development is faced with the paradox that the
development oriented rural economy relies heavily on non-productive people who
are ill-equipped with outdated tools, lack technical information, lack
scientific and cultural training, and whose traditional roles and access to
resources pose problems for their effective incorporation into modern economic
system.
There
is an overwhelming need to accord rural development a priority so as to enable
them contribute meaningfully to the socio-cultural and socio-economic
development of Nigeria. The bulk of Nigeria’s wealth is derived from
agriculture and oil which lies in abundant quantity in rural communities.
Currently, over 80% of the entire population live in the rural area, but much
has not been done in terms of social amenities and infrastructural facilities.
The neglect of the rural areas has not only resulted to the mass exodus of
rural dwellers to the urban centres, but has also made the rural areas less
attractive for socio-economic investment.
Ariyo
(1991) asserts that the massive rural-urban drift of able-bodied young men and
women led to declining productivity in agriculture, increasing food imports,
growing unemployment and the widening gap in welfare terms between the urban
and rural areas. Related studies affirmed that rural areas of Nigeria are areas
where the lack of basic socio-economic infrastructures, poverty, and conflict
have become a strong push factor for rural out-migration
Recruitment
and selection deal with the life wire of any organization which is the
personnel. They are the activities upon which all other resources of the
organization revolve around and are managed. The survival of any organization
is highly dependent on this aspect of the organization. Therefore, whether
private or public organization, it cannot afford to toy with these activities
of the organization since the consequence of such mistake will be a
reverberating and resounding one.
In
this regard, Ikeanyibe (2009:72), enunciates that the aims of recruitment
function are: to seek out, evaluate, obtain commitment from new employees to
fill vacant positions in an organization. He further observed that recruitment
process is closely linked with selection that some authors tend to discuss them
as a single process and the primary objectives of recruitment as distinguished
from selection process is to identify the person that the organization needs
rather than the person the selector likes or wants.
Contrary
to this reality is that recruitment and selection process in public
organization in Nigeria, including Polytechnic is usually 2 manipulated to
serve or favor the interest of the selector against that of the organization.
Thereby making the selection of most efficient and effective employees
difficult, if not impossible. It was noticed that in the last recruitment
exercise conducted by the Polytechnics of Nigeria in 2011, that while the
applications, are yet being obtained from the applicants, some of them have
been issued employment letters. This implies that most job advertisement in
public organization and Polytechnics of Nigeria as a case in question is mere
fulfillment of the law and not the commitment to formal procedures of
recruitment and selections.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Community development association
exist in many places within Dutse local government area, there is also Gida
Dubu youth forum in Gida Dubu Yadi (GDYF),
there is also Takur Jambulo association. Each of this association under takes
some development activities ranging from coaching the final year secondary
school student tree planting, community vigilant workers and so on.
With
all these effort in place problems is still on there is failure in SSCE
Examination we still need trees in our environment theft and misconduct still
occurs. The big question to be asked here is: do this community development of
the community? Hypothesis question are going to be prime here so as to find the
extent and significance of community development.
Despite
the effort made by the government youth organization and other community
development in rural areas does it happen as a result of over bureaucratization
or its because of non-challenge attitudes a part of rural development officers
and practitioners or it is happen due to the lack of mass participation in
implementing and exclusion of a rural community development programmes and
project.
Impact
the above mention question on the agents causing a problems in rural
development as observe by many scholars on community development (Ataka et al
1989) that the ,most pressing problems and obstacles that hinders the smooth
running and effective execution of
community development programmes and project in the rural areas today were due
to over bureau cartelization as well as non-challenge attitude on the part of
rural community development officers practitioners as change agents. Based or
this line of through, it has being suggest by these writers this mass
participation rather than over bureaucratization is the best alternative option
for the problems of youth organization in the development of rural community.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The
main aims of this research are to evaluate and analyzed the significance of
community development in Nigeria with Dutse local government areas as a case study.
The research intend to;
i.
Find out whether community development
effort could be strategy for community development.
ii.
Find out how people faced in community
development.
iii.
Examine the problems faced in community
development with aims of finding a solution.
iv.
To encourage the spirit of communal self –
help and initiation for improvement of socio – economy condition in the
communities.
v.
To assist the communities in organizing
themselves for self - help project.
vi.
To establish and organized system of
social service in order to make people self-reliance and able to participate
fully in the development of the nation.
vii.
Community development it creates
motivation among local people to participate in polities that concerned them.
viii.
It serves as a feedback or channel of communication
between the local people to the central government.
ix.
It helps to be nearest for people at local
area having to satisfy for well enough social infrastructures.
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The
following hypotheses are made to carry out the research.
H1
- Community development has significance effect to the people.
H0
- Community development has no significance effect to the people.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE AND PURPOSE OF STUDY
The
significance of the research is to help the local state government in their effort
towards community development than government should know the situation in
which community of this areas is and it will also help other researcher when
conducting their research in a similar area to minimize his time and funds
furthermore people of that area can easily know their responsibility to match
together. In self-help when there is problem facing them in theirs towns and
villages.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY
Considering
the time constraint in carrying out these research work, there is little or no
time to carry out full research work
finding emphasis on the effect interest in our environment like time
constraint, financial constraint and low-level of Co-operation from the
respondents in respect of the present Nigeria
economic situation ,financial constraint is major limitation of this
research work .Tex books data and other document which realization of the aims
and objective of this research to the best level is inadequate.
1.7 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF AREA OF
STUDY
Jigawa
state was created on Tuesday 29th day of August in the year 1991 by
the then head of state general Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida administration.
Meanwhile Jigawa was formally a historical pail of the old Kano state with its
headquarters at Dutse. The state could say it predominately rural and dependent
on subsistence agriculture as well as small scale business out fits in the
neighboring state that is I3auchi, Kano, Katsina and Yobe States.
Dutse
meaning “Rock” or mountain got its name from the hilly rocks which surround the
town and cover an approximate of about five square miles. Dutse also stands on
sand dunes (singular-Jigawa plural Jigayi). The rocks and sand dunes stands
some tens of feet’s above the sea level. Because of security offered by the
rocks one finds a high concentration of people around them.
The present Dutse town “Garu” was
purposely chosen as the settlement, because of the security aspects given to
the populace. it is naturally sorrowed by stone walls giving a narrow passage
to the interior thus giving the occupants the best opportunity of checking and
dealing with invaders. Like many parts of Nigeria, tradition claim that
inhibitions of the area now known as “Dutse” Gadawur came as a result of
incident during a hunting expeditions. Dutse is one of the important town in
Hausa land with a long history, dating back to centuries before the Fulani
Jihad of Shehu Othman Danfodio. Dutse is situated between latitudes 11400 and I
I°N and longitudes 900 45E the emirate comprises of live local
government, Birnin Kudu, Kiyawa. Jahun and Dutse with a 1991 population census
of 994, 609. It Shares a common boarder with Kano, Ningi, Jama’re, Katagun,
Hadejia and Ringim emirate.
1.8 DEFINITION OF SOME BASIC CONCEPT
1.8.1
Community:
the word community can be refers to as groups of people having living together
within a given area who share commitment to a common purpose.
Community:
Refers to a collection of person or individual in a group with unique characteristic
sharing some interest, norm and various exchanges in culture having the same
ecological location, working to achieve common goals.
According
to Mitche (1958) refers ‘’Community donate a collection of people who occupied
a geographical area who were together engage in economic and political
activities and who essentially constitute self –governing unit, some common
values and experience, feeling of belonging to one another”
1.8.2
Development:
According to Todaro (2000) defined the term ‘’development
as
a multi-dimensional process involving major change in social structure popular
attitudes and nationals institutions as well as the acceleration of economic
growth and reduction absolute poverty.
The United
Nations defines community development as
"a process where community members come together to take collective action
and generate solutions to common problems. "It is a broad term given to
the practices of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens and professionals
to improve various aspects of communities, typically aiming to build stronger
and more resilient local communities.
1.8.3
Community
development: According to Murray Ross (1998)
‘’Community development is programme approach and techniques which relay upon
local communities as unit of action which attempt to combine outside assistance
with organized local self –determination and effort and which correspondingly
to stimulate local initiative and leadership as primary instrument change ‘’
The
agency for international development (1969) ‘’Community development is a
process of social action, it defined their communal needs and problems and
executing this plan with a maximum of reliance need and problems upon a
community the sources and material from government and non-governmental agencies
outside the community.
Community
development is also understood as a professional discipline, and is defined by
the International Association for Community Development, the global network of
community development practitioners and scholars, as "a practice-based
profession and an academic discipline that promotes participative democracy,
sustainable development, rights, economic opportunity, equality and social
justice, through the organization, education and empowerment of people within
their communities, whether these be of locality, identity or interest, in urban
and rural settings".
Community
development seeks to empower individuals and groups of people with the skills
they need to effect change within their communities. These skills are often
created through the formation of social groups working for a common agenda.
Community developers must understand both how to work with individuals and how
to affect communities' positions within the context of larger social institutions.
1.8.4
Program: according to Earl Babbie (1989) is the process of managing several related projects,
often with the intention of improving an organization's performance. In
practice and in its aims, program management is often closely related to systems engineering, industrial engineering, change
management, and business transformation. In
the defense sector, it is the dominant approach to managing very large projects.
Because major defense programs entail working with contractors, it is often
called acquisition management, indicating that the government buyer acquires
goods and services by means of contractors.
1.9
PLAN OF THE STUDY
This project is carried out to investigate
on the ‘Evaluation on the Significance
of Community Development Programmes in Nigeria’.
The
project contain five chapters, chapter one deals with general introduction,
background of the study, statement of the research problem, aims and objectives
of the study, research hypothesis, significance of the study, scope and
limitation of the study, definition of key terms and plan of the study.
Chapter
two consists of literature review/ theoretical frame work of the project,
conceptual framework, and other things.
Chapter
three contains research methodology, introduction of the chapter, research design, Population of the study,
sample size, instrument of data collection, sampling techniques and procedure,
method of data analysis and collection.
Chapter
four consists of data presentation and analysis, introduction of the chapter,
data presentation, Demographic Data of the Respondent.
Finally,
chapter five of this project comprises the Summary, conclusion, and
recommendations, Bibliography and Questionnaire design.
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