ABSTRACT
This
research is interested in explaining those inhibiting factors on the
actualization of community development programmes in Badagry Local Government
Area, Lagos State, Nigeria. The purpose of this research was to determine the
extent, in which socio-cultural factors inhibit the actualization of community
development, to access the impact of population as a determinant factor in the
actualization of community development, the influence of literacy on community
development programmes and the effect of finance on the actualization of
community development programmes in Badagry. The Sample Size consisted of 150
respondents drawn from the Badagry community through Simple Random Sampling
Technique. The research instrument used for data collection was a set of structured
Questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and
Chi-Square. Findings were made that socio-cultural, population, literacy and
finance profoundly inhibit the actualization of community development
programmes in Badagry community and Recommendation were made that it is
necessary to promote accessibility to educational opportunities at least up to
the secondary level to enhance high rate of participation in community
development programme and also population
factor is important in socio-economic development; therefore, population
considerations should be taken into account at all levels of decision making in
community development programmes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title page i
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
v
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.1. Background of the study
1.2. Statement of Problem
1.3. Purpose of the study
1.4. Significance of the study
1.5. Research Questions
1.6. Research Hypotheses
1.7. Scope of the study
1.8. Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW2.0. Introduction
2.1. Concept of street hawking
2.2. Causes of child street hawking
2.3. Child street hawking and poverty
2.4. Child street hawking and parents socio-economic statues
2.5. Child street hawking and household heads
2.6. Child street hawking and religion
2.7. Child street hawking and family size
2.8. Child street hawking and academic performance
2.9. Implication of child work on the future development of children
2.10. Health hazards and child street- hawking
2.11. Rights of a child under the child’s right act
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research design
3.2 Area of study
3.3 Population of study
3.4 Sample size and sampling technique
3.5 Data collection instrument and procedure
3.6 Procedure for data analysis
3.7 Difficulties
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Data Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE : CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The transformation
of communities to improve their lives has become the main challenge to the
economic and social development efforts of developing nations like Nigeria.
This challenge arises from the need to promote the welfare of the people of the
rural and urban communities so that they could acquire a better standard of
living in their homes (Onabanjo, 2004). Badagry Community been the cradle of
development and civilization had witness little or no intervention in terms of
upgrading its colonial masters left existence. The philosophical view on the
acceptance of education as a means to further suffice the foundational
development existed by the expatriates which brought lots of changes into
various spheres of the life of the people in this area was not duly tapped and
had made it very challenging for the people at home to healthily embrace
education as an entity that liberate the mind for possible and feasible community
and national development.
Community
development effort started very early in Badagry before the advent of the
colonial master who prostrated the walls of the land compulsorily to conscientise
the people by liberating their minds towards development. Missionaries
activities also contributed to the rehabilitation of the community in order to
achieve aims through the preaching of the Gospel that brought into existence
the Nigeria first storey building (1845) and other several community
development project; the first primary school in Nigeria called “Nursery of the
infant church” in (1843), the first international market, the first church, the
first agric school and the first Teachers’ training school. Infact, the town is
one of the first to be urbanized in West Africa along side cities like Cape
Town, Gold coast, Benin city and Free Town with over 30 streets in the 18th
century to show but few evidence of early community development existence.
Ever before the
advent of the colonial administrations, Badagry community had employed communal
efforts as the mechanism for mobilizing community resources to provide physical
improvements and functional facilities in the localities to enhance the social,
political and economic aspects of lives. For example, communal labour was
employed in the construction of homesteads, clearing farm lands and for other
basic services for Community development.
Some past attempts
at rural development failed due to the non-involvement of the essential
ingredient of development that is the PEOPLE. This is because Community
development is accepted as a veritable instrument for achieving national
development. It's programme help to realize the potential of the people, since
it ensures active involvement and participation of the people in the planning
and implementation of development projects. The vast majority of the populace is still
living devoid of both basic and social amenities. Coupled with this is the
acceptance of the fact that meaningful development can only take place when the
people are well mobilized for community action.
In spite of the
government efforts to achieve meaningful development at the grassroots, many
communities are still in pathetic state of stagnation and neglect. It must be
stated here, that Badagry is still far behind standard contrary to how it is
viewed from outside world. Many community projects were abandoned due to poor
planning and management. As a result of this, the community department are not
stable in a ministry but are tossed from one ministry to the other depending on
the wishes and caprices of government in power. Lack of concise priority
accorded by government officials to community development, had been the bane of
the menace faced by local communities to accelerate their development. Some
major inhibiting factors on the actualization of community development
programmes in Badagry are; Lukewarm attitude to maintenance of community
development programmes, exodus of people from Badagry to other cities, wrong
belief of the people that government was capable and should provide all their
needs, inadequate funding on the part of individual members, problems of
illiteracy, communal clashes among the community members and the neighboring communities.
Badagry community
in Lagos state Nigeria is located in Lagos state south western region, Nigeria.
It is the gateway to the West coast that is, the Border town to other West
African countries of Benin Republic, Togo, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia and
Liberia with about 57 Kilometers by road from Lagos and it ran parallel to the
sea from Porto Novo. Badagry was declared a “TOURIST HEAVEN” by UNESCO. Ever
before the declaration of United Nation Education Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), the historic town has often been referred to as the
“Pillar of Tourism in Nigeria”.
Despite the
enviable potentials and revenue generation from tourism, the development of
Badagry is due to the involvement of the people has been one of the enduring
heritages of traditional African society, such as Badagry community.
Community
development has been a medium used to identify the needs, inhibiting factors
and solutions to such needs. The people have learnt on how to pull resources
together to attend to their needs and solve such needs.
Although, some
treaties and declarations were signed and entered into between the Akran
Badagry, his white-caped high chiefs and her majesty, the Queen of great
Britain between 1842 to 1864, it because apparently significant that such treaties,
for example: treaty of commerce of 19th June (1861) and treaty of
cession of 7th July (1863) were merely to prepare the ground for the
effective and eventual commercial development of Badagry, which was in fact a
notable commercial centre for such precious commodities like spices, beads and
palm produce with attracted sufficient economic activities in the international
export trade.
The nature of
people participating in community development would have profound effect on the
success of the programme, people living in Badagry have different ethnic
background, with the ever increasing population of Badagry community and the
different in political ideologies due to different political groups.
Also we all know
that funds are scarce especially when we know that man's needs are unlimited
and the current economic constraint faced by the nation in recent years.
Unavailability of funds can frustrate whatever development programmes that have
been obtained, no matter how well it has been planned. This may be the most
inhibiting factor that may affect the implementation process.
Furthermore,
Badagry local government being a border town to many West African countries,
experiences of immigrants trooping in and out of the community also contribute
tremendously in the inaccurate figure of people living in a particular quarter
for a well planned community development programmes to suffice in this Areas.
Many people participation a times is also based on ethnic consideration. It
would therefore be difficult to gather people because their views will be in
most case being divergent. The structure of the society itself is detrimental
as it is highly socially stratified and those at the lower level (less
privileged) may not want to involve or participate as ignorance demote their
idea towards letting privileged once have all the says. Those residing in
villages like Panko, Erikiti, Ilogbo, Iyaafin, Isalu, Topa, Gberefu, Ganyingbo,
Farasime, Agonvi, Agadangba, Ajido to mention but few had felt little no
intervention as regard community development in their against the background
that the local government is established and saddled with the responsibility to
provide certain social amenities for the grassroots populace.
1.3 Statement
of the Problem
The
under-development nature of villages in Badagry is evident rather than a mere expression.
It is observed that many quarters and streets are deficient in technological and
all other means of livelihood, such as: electricity supply generated, paper
borne water, schools are ill-equipped, and other social services have drastically
degenerated with many of the hospitals now “death centers” rather than medical
centers while many of the roads are now in deplorable conditions. The number of
unemployed youths on the streets has increased drastically and its attendant
general restiveness has become a serious menace to both social and economic
development of the community. It is against this, that this study examines the
inhibiting factors on the actualization of community development programmes in
Badagry community.
1.4 Purpose
of the Study
This study was designed
to investigate the inhibiting factors on the actualization of community
development programmes in Badagry community, Lagos State.
Specifically, the
purpose of the study was to examine:
1.
The effects of Socio-cultural
Factors on the actualization of community development programmes in Badagry
community.
2.
The impact of
population on the actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community.
3.
The effect of literacy
on the actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community.
4.
The effect of
finance on the actualization of community development programmes in Badagry
community.
1.5 Research Questions
1.
To what extent do socio-cultural
Factors inhibit the actualization of community development programmes in
Badagry community?
2.
What is the impact
of population on the actualization of community development programmes in
Badagry community?
3.
To what extent
does literacy inhibit the actualization of community development programmes in
Badagry community?
4.
What is the effect
of finance on the actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community?
1.6
Significance of the Study
The researcher intends
to study the inhibiting factors affecting the actualization of community
development programmes in Badagry local government and point out such factors
that hindered the success of the programmes.
This would enhance
our knowledge about community development especially in a rural Areas, our
understanding would go a long way in improving community development in Badagry
local government and other complex areas of its nature, as well as community
development in general.
1.7 Scope
of the Study
As a result of limited
and financial constraints, the researcher therefore delimits this study to
Badagry community in Badagry local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria.
1.8 Definition
of Relevant Terms
I.
Community: - This
is a complex social entity which has a physical locus and psychological
consensus. It is the basic operational unit or the activity centre of many
human services to which all the participants in the field constantly identify
with address themselves.
II.
Development: -
This means to gradually bring something to a larger, more complete and more
advanced stage of bring. It entails physical, social, political, economic,
moral, cultural and educational growth which steadily brings out the full
possibilities and potentials of a group.
III.
Inhibit: - This is
to prevent something from happening or make it happen more slowly or less
frequently than normal.
IV.
Community
development:- This is the process by which the effort of the people themselves
are united with those of the governmental authorities to improve the economic,
social and cultural condition of the community to integrate those communities
into the lives of the nation, and to enable them to contribute fully to the
national progress.
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