ABSTRACT
Introduction:
oral diseases (OD), commonly dental caries and periodontitis are a major public
health problem. Poor oral hygiene has been associated with OD, causing tooth loss,
which leads to disability and compromised patients' oral health. In Giginya,
of Nigeria, OD is
among the leading causes of morbidity at the health center level. Therefore, the
purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and oral health practices
among adult participants in Giginya town. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was done among participants in Giginyaa town jigawa state of Nigeria. Participants were interviewed using a
structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using sample
calculation of percentage and frequency table. Result: among 400 pertispant who were interviewed shows
that the majority of the respondents are age between between 26-33years old (40%), followed by 18-25years
old (40%), and above 34 years old (30%). And the respondents
based on gender male has the highest number of 320 (80%) while female has 80 (20%) ,and also the majority of the respondents (75%) were
aware of oral health, while a quarter (25%) are not. This suggests that there may
be a need to educate and raise awareness about oral health among the remaining 25%
of the population. Also majority (80%) of the respondents practice
oral health, while a smaller proportion (20%) do not. This suggests that most respondents
have oral health habits, but there is still a need to encourage and educate the
remaining 20% to adopt healthy practices. While only a small proportion (20%) of respondents
brush their teeth twice a day, which is the recommended frequency for good oral
health. A significant proportion (45%) brush their teeth once a day, which may not
be enough to maintain good oral health. And (35%) rarely brush their teeth, which
may indicate a need for education on the importance of regular tooth brushing. A significant proportion (45%) of respondents have experienced diseases of the
oral cavity, indicating a need for improved oral health practices or regular dental
check-up. And a slightly higher proportion
(55%) have not experienced any oral health issues.
TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………………………….i
CERTIFICATION
…………………………………………………………………………..ii
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………….iii
DECLARATION
……………………………………………………………………………iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………v
ABSTRACT
……………………………………………………………………………………………vi
TABLE OF
CONTENTS ……………………………………………………………………vii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………........……………1
1.1BACKGRAUND
OF THE STUDY………………………………………………………….1
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEMS……………………………………………………….2
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………….3
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS/ HYPOTHESIS
………………………………………………..3
1.5 SIGNIFICANT
OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………………....3
1.6 SCOPE/DELIMITATION
OF THE STUDY..........................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 LITERATURE
REVIEW………………………………………………………..........……..4
CHAPTER THREE
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………....................…...........7
3.1RESEARCH DESIGN…………………………………………………................................7
3.2 PROCEDURE
ADOPTED/ TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED ……………....................…...7
3.3 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES………………………………….............................................7
3.4 MATERIALS
AND METHODS ..........………………………....................……….……...7
3.5 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION .…………………………….....................…………7
3.6 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION .................................………………………………………7
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 INTRODUCTION………........................................................................................................8
4.1 DATA ANALYSIS……………………………………………........................…………….8
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 SUMMARY……………………………………………………………..............…………11
5.2 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………................…………11
5.3 RECOMMENDATION…………………………………............................………..……….11
References ……………………………………………………………………………………....13
APPENDIX ………………………………………………………….............................……….17
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Background of the study
Oral diseases (OD), commonly tooth decay and periodontal disease, are a
major public health problem with 3.58 billion people reported to have tooth decay,
according to the Global Burden of Disease Report conducted (Kassebaum, 2015). Periodontal
diseases are prevalent in developed and developing countries and effect about 20-50%
of the global population(Sanz,2010). Some studies have found a strong association
between poor oral hygiene and common dental diseases such as dental caries and periodontal
diseases ( Petersen,2005).
Globally the burden of oral disease
is high among older people and has a negative effect on their quality of life (Loe,
2000). Poor oral hygiene causes tooth loss, which leads to disability and compromised
patients' oral health (Petersen, 2008). In Africa, OD is a significant public health
problem (Broadbent,2011)The prevalence of dental caries has increased in many African
countries and may further increase due to increased sugar consumption and inadequate
exposure to fluorides,(Petersen,2004). The prevalence of gingival inflammation is
high in all age groups in several African countries (Abid,2015). In a study from
Sudan, about 64.5% of participants considered poor tooth brushing habits to cause
gingivitis and less than 20% of adolescents visit dentists regularly for a dental
check-up, (Darout 2015).
In Giginya, a study found that 44.8% of the participants had fair to poor
oral hygiene status (Mbawalla, 2005). A study in Uganda found that 56% of participants
had not visited oral health services in the last two years, and those who did was
due to pain (Okullo 2004).
In Giginya, OD is among the leading cause of morbidity at the health center
level, with poor oral hygiene, tooth decay, and periodontal disease, have been reported
(Mukashyaka, 2015). The Giginya National Oral Health Survey in 2018 found that the
oral health status of the population was poor, with 70% of individuals not utilizing
oral health services. Adults aged 20 years and above from Giginya been reported
to present with oral debris, and dental calculus (Morgan, 2018).
Studies have associated low health
literacy with greater use of emergency care and poor preventive health-seeking behavior
for oral health services (Bommireddy,12017). A correlation between limited oral
health knowledge and poor oral health behavior has been reported (Poudel, 2018).
however, there is a scarcity of information on oral health awareness levels in Giginya.
Therefore, this study evaluated knowledge, attitude, and oral hygiene practices
among adults in Giginya. It is part of a large doctoral study entitled "Oral
Health in Giginya: The Role of Mobile Application in Oral Health Education."
1.2 Statement of Research Problem:
Studies have associated low health literacy with greater use of emergency
care and poor preventive health-seeking behavior for oral health services (Bommireddy,12017).
A correlation between limited oral health knowledge and poor oral health behavior
has been reported (Poudel, 2018). however, there is a scarcity of information on
oral health awareness levels in Giginya
1.3 General Objectives
Knowledge of people Towards diseases
associated with poor oral hygiene at Garki local government area Jigawa State.
1.4 Specific objectives of the study
- To assess the knowledge of residents in Garki regarding diseases associated
with poor oral hygiene.
- To determine the level of awareness of residents regarding good oral hygiene
practices.
- To identify the common oral health issues faced by residents of Garki.
Despite the importance of oral health, there is a lack of knowledge and awareness
among residents of Garki regarding diseases associated with poor oral hygiene, leading
to a high prevalence of oral health issues.
1.5 Research Questions
- What is the level of knowledge of residents in Garki regarding diseases
associated with poor oral hygiene?
- What is the awareness level of residents regarding the importance of good
oral hygiene practices?
- What are the common oral health issues faced by residents of Garki?
1.6 Significant of the study :
This study will provide valuable insights
into the knowledge and awareness of residents in Garki, informing oral health education
initiatives and improving overall health outcomes.
1.7 Scope of the study
This study will focus on residents of Garki Local Government, Jigawa State, and
It will not generalize to other populations.
It will only investigate knowledge and awareness related to diseases associated
with poor oral hygiene and will not assess oral health status or provide dental
examinations.
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