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EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENTS IN DUTSE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, JIGAWA STATE

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Product Category: Projects

Product Code: 00009681

No of Pages: 45

No of Chapters: 5

File Format: Microsoft Word

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ABSTRACT

This work is an investigation into the Effect of Child Abuse on Academic Performance and Social Development of Adolescents in Dutse Local Government, Jigawa State. The study used ten secondary schools in Dutse Local Government Area of Jigawa State. The sample of the study comprised Two Hundred (200) students, twenty (20) students were selected from each school. Questionnaire was the main instrument used for collecting data. Three null hypotheses were formulated to find out the relationship between Adolescents’ Academic Performance and Social Development parents/guardian attitude, the difference between a child abuse trained by his/her parents and the child trained by a guardian and fourthly, Government attitude and child abuse. Percentage statistics was used to test the hypotheses and analyse the data collected. The following findings were made after the study: Finally, the results were discussed based on the review of the related literature, conclusions were drawn and recommendations made based on the findings of the study Suggestions were also made for further research.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Title Page………………………………………………………………..ii

Certification………………………………………………………..……iii

Dedication…………………………………………………….…………iv

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………..v

Table of Contents……………………………………..…………….…….vi

Abstract……………………………………………………………………ix


CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study…………………………………..………………1

Statement of the Problem……………………………..……..………..……6

Purpose of Study…………………………………….………....…….…….7

Aim and Objectives of the Study…………………….………....…….…….7

Research Questions…………………………………………………………8

Significance of Study………………………………..…….………………..9

Scope of Study…………………………………….……………………..….9

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………9


CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

The Concept of Child Abuse…………..………………………………….11

The Causes of Child Abuse…………………….…………………………12

The Effect of Child Abuse on Students Academic………………….……22

Factors Affecting the Consequences of Child abuse and Neglect….……26

Theoretical Orientations towards Child Abuse as it

Affect Academic Performance…………………………………………….34

Summary of the Literature……..……………………………………….…41


CHAPTER THREE

METHOD OF STUDY

Introduction……………………………………………………..………….43

Research Design……………………….………………….......……………43

Population of Study……………………………………………...…….…...43

Sample and sampling procedure……………………………..…………….43

Research Instrument ………………………………………….…………...44

Validation of research instrument………………………………………….45

Administration of research instrument…………………………………….45

Data Analysis Technique..………………………………..……………..…46


CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION & DISCUJSSION

Data presentation…………………………………………………….……47

Analysis of research questions……………………..…………………..…48

Discussion………………………………………..…….…………………54

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings…………………………………………………….56

Conclusion……………………………………………………………..…58

Recommendations……………………..……………………………..……58

            References…………………………………………………………………61

            Appendix (Questionnaire)…………………………………………………66

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE


1.1 Background of the Study

Globally, child abuse refers to intentional acts that cause physical or emotional harm to children. The term covers a wide range of behaviors, from physical assault by parents or caretakers to neglect of a child's basic needs. Child abuse is sometimes called child maltreatment (Gelles, 1993). While the extent of child abuse is difficult to measure, it is recognized as a major social issue, particularly in industrialized nations. Child abuse occurs in all income, racial, religious, and ethnic groups, and in both urban and rural communities. However, it is more prevalent in some groups, especially those living below the poverty line. Cultural perceptions of child abuse vary around the world, with countries like Sweden prohibiting any physical punishment of children, while in some Asian, African, and Caribbean cultures, parents are expected to discipline children physically.

There are various types of child abuse, and some children experience more than one form. Physical abuse, for instance, involves deliberate violence that may injure or kill a child. Symptoms such as unexplained bruises, broken bones, or burn marks can be signs of physical abuse. Sexual abuse involves adults using children for sexual gratification or exposing them to sexual activities. It may range from kissing and fondling to more intrusive acts such as oral sex or penetration. Emotional abuse, which destroys a child’s self-esteem, often includes verbal abuse, threats, and degrading or humiliating criticism. Other forms of emotional abuse include confinement, such as locking a child in a dark closet, and social isolation, such as denying a child friends.

Neglect is considered the most common form of child abuse. Physical neglect involves a failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, or medical care. It can also include inadequate supervision and a failure to protect a child from danger. Emotional neglect occurs when a caregiver fails to meet a child’s basic need for affection and comfort. Examples include behaving coldly towards a child or allowing them to witness severe domestic abuse. Educational neglect involves failing to enroll a child in school or frequently allowing them to skip school.

In the United States, the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect reported that in 1977, approximately 3 million children were reported as abused or neglected to government agencies. However, many researchers believe that official statistics do not accurately reflect the true prevalence of child abuse due to varying definitions and the private nature of these acts. Professionals such as teachers, daycare workers, pediatricians, and police officers may fail to recognize or report abuse, and much abuse occurs in the privacy of a family’s home.

The risk of child abuse is often heightened by stress caused by social conditions such as larger-than-average family size, the presence of a new baby or a disabled family member, or the death of a family member. Many reported cases of abuse come from families living in poverty, though it also occurs in middle-class and wealthier families, albeit with less frequent reporting due to various social factors.

Nationally, in Nigeria, child abuse has been a longstanding issue, with several cases reported across various states. However, the scope and seriousness of child abuse in Nigeria are often underreported. The Nigerian government, through agencies like the Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development, has been working to address these concerns through awareness campaigns and stricter laws. Still, the full extent of child abuse in Nigeria remains difficult to ascertain.

In Jigawa State, the prevalence of child abuse is influenced by a range of cultural, economic, and social factors. Poverty, illiteracy, and lack of awareness about child protection laws contribute to the perpetuation of child abuse. Many children in Jigawa suffer from neglect, physical abuse, and exploitation, often due to a lack of resources and support systems for families.

In Dutse Local Government, the capital of Jigawa State, child abuse remains a critical social issue. Instances of physical neglect and emotional abuse are frequently reported, though many cases go unreported due to stigma and a lack of trust in authorities. The community continues to struggle with the implementation of child protection laws, and there is a pressing need for increased awareness, education, and resources to address the issue effectively.

Adolescence, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the period from 10-19 years of age, is a crucial stage of development. During this time, adolescents experience significant physiological, biological, and intellectual transitions. It is a period marked by the development of sexual identity, emerging sexual feelings, and adjustments to cultural expectations. For adolescents to thrive, they must accomplish developmental tasks such as establishing independence from the family, adjusting to sexual maturation, developing a positive self-image, forming healthy relationships, and preparing for a meaningful vocation.


1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLLM

A 1994 retrospective review of 1,526 studies on primary prevention of Child Abuse found that only 30 studies were okay. 11 of which dealt with Physical Abuse; and neglect. This means Primary prevention of child abuse such as depriving the child of the basic children's rights such as right to life right to be protected from indecent and inhuman treatment through sexual exploitation, drug abuse, child labour among others affect the child's social development

Child Abuse is observed to be more pronounced in children between the age bracket of 10 - 19 years which are of course referred to as Adolescents. By the end of Adolescence, the child is expected to have been physically, socially, emotionally and intellectually matured but when denied the necessary factors which contribute to this expected maturity, his/her social development will be definitely affected.   

This study is therefore designed to investigate the overall effect of child Abuse on the academic and social development of Adolescents in some selected Secondary Schools in Dutse Local Government Educational District.


1.3   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The work will in no doubt be of use to the adolescent, students, academics, policymakers and researchers in the following ways:

They will be able to encourage themselves in their peer groups to demand for adequate health care, good education and so on from parents, care-takers / guardians, government.

They will    be      able   to      understand         that   all      children are members of the same human family and that any form of discrimination is against their dignity and integrity.

They will be able to promote attitude of equality among peers irrespective of origin both sex social political/religious beliefs, status and disability.

As a way of protecting themselves against exploitation and inhuman treatment, children should be able to report excessive child labour to appropriate authorities, agencies and individuals, resist torture, should not get lured into sexual exploitation including child marriage, that should be able to avoid drug abuse, they should be able to try as much as possible to join campaign enough to seek assistance from established agencies, individuals and religious agencies when in difficult.

It will also help in situations whereby some children are under especially difficult circumstances like separation from parents and so on to reduce the trauma of their situation and even adjust to normal and decent life. It will also be significant to parents and teachers for it will give an insight into some of the evils of child abuse.


1.4 RESEARCH OBJCTIVES

The research will be guided with the following objectives;

  1. To investigate the influence of parents/guardians on the social development of adolescents.
  2. To examine the effects of personal, social, and cultural factors on the social development of adolescents.
  3. To assess the differences in outcomes between a child trained by parents and one trained by a guardian.
  4. To explore the relationship between caregiving and a child's mental/psychological development.

1.5   RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In relation to the problem identified, answers were provided to the following questions:

1       Is there any influence of parents/guardians on the social development of adolescents

2.      Is there any effect of complex combination of personal, social and cultural factors on the social development of Adolescent.

3       Is there any significant difference between a child trained by his/her parents and the same child trained by a guardian.

4.      Is there any significant relationship between caring for - a child and his/her mental/psychological development.


1.6   SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study examined the causes and effects of child abuse among adolescent students in some selected Secondary Schools in Dutse Local Government AREA.

The study is also limited to the determination of the effect of child-abuse on academic performance and social development of adolescents in Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State.

Due to time and financial constraints, the research is restricted to two hundred randomly selected students from ten selected Secondary Schools in the Urban and Rural Area of Dutse Local Education District of Jigawa State. The research work is also limited by the problem of inadequate materials/literature.


1.7   DEFINITION OF TERMS

Terms related to the study are defined as follows:

CHILD: According to Ajayi (19136) A child is any human being below the age of (18) eighteen years.

RIGHT: According to Longman dictionary a right is what is or should be allowed by law, it is also what is fair and good. Olayinka (1991) also defined a right as a natural due, a moral claim and a legal entitlement.

CHILDREN'S RIGHT: According to Encyclopedia (2005) children rights are child's survival, Development and participation.

ADOLESCENT: According to Motolani (2001) An Adolescent is a child between the ages of 10-19 years However the World Health Organization defines an Adolescent to be a child between the age of 10-24 years.

CHILD ABUSE: Encarta (2005) defines child abuse as an intentional act which harms the physical, emotional, moral health and educational welfare of the child.

DEVELOPMENT: Chinwe (2005) defines development as the progressive series of orderly, coherent changes leading towards the goal of maturity, coherent changes leading towards the goals of maturity. It is increase in ability to function. As a child grows, he matures and develops at the same time.

GROWTH: According to Chinwe (2005) is the physical aspect of development.

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: According to Chinwe (2005). The manner in which the Child becomes grad rally adjusted in his patterns of relationship with and reaction to fellow men in line with social patterns led social development Every social group has its own pattern behaviour to which everybody must conform.

PHYSICAL ABUSE: Physical abuse is the deliberate acts of violence to injure or even kill a child (Gelles 1993).

SEXUAL ABUSE: According to Chalk, Gibbons and Scarupa (2002). Sexual abuse can be said to be the inappropriate sexual behaviour towards a child.

EMOTIONAL ABUSE: Are the acts or the failure to act by parents or caretakers that have caused serious behavioural, cognitive, emotional, or mental disorders (Thomlison, 1997).

PHYSCIAL NEGLECT: This is a situation whereby parents / guardians / caretakers of a child do not provide adequate, food or clothing, appropriate medical care, supervision or proper weather protection (heat or coats) for the child It also includes abandonment. (Chalk, Gibbons and Scarupa 2002).

PERSONALITY: Personality means the whole individual, his physique, temperament, appearance, feeling, achievement, intelligence, the way the person relates himself to others, what he wants to be and so on. (Chinwe 2005).

DELINQUENT BEHAVIOURS: These are all sorts of behaviours committed by children or youths under the age of 18 which if committed by adults would be considered crimes. Children within this age bracket are believed not to have criminal intent to have committed these offences. These behaviours by children are otherwise referred to as juvenile crimes. Such behaviours may include truancy and parental disobedience (Lynn and Victor 2005).


 

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