ABSTRACT
Due to the
ever-increasing traffic demand, modern societies with well-planned road
management systems, and sufficient infrastructures for transportation still face
the problem of traffic congestion. This results in loss of travel time, and
huge societal and economic costs. Traffic congestion in highway networks is one
of the main issues to be addressed by today’s traffic management schemes.
Automation combined with the increasing market penetration of on-line
communication, navigation, and advanced driver assistance systems will
ultimately result in intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS) that distribute
intelligence between roadside infrastructure and vehicles and that — in
particular on the longer term — are one of the most promising solutions to the
traffic congestion problem. In this paper, we present an intelligent traffic
control system which is capable of efficiently managing traffic to ensure
steady flow and prevent congestion. The system is designed using Java
programming language for front-end development and MySQL database for data
storage.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study
1.2 Statement of the
Problem
1.3 Aims and
Objectives
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Scope of the Study
1.6 Limitation
of the Study
1.7 Methodology
1.8 Definition
of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature
Review
2.1 Information
Sharing Among Agencies and Management Centers
2.2 Transportation
Systems Management (TSM) Relationship
2.3 Control
System Options
2.4 Implications of Intelligent Traffic
System
2.5 Benefits
of Intelligent Traffic System in Urban Public Transport Systems
2.6 Rules
of Intelligent Traffic Control
2.7 Vehicle Control
2.8 Expert Systems
2.9 Prediction-Based Optimization.
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
System Analysis and Design
3.2 Analysis of Existing System
3.3 Description of New System
3.4 Merit of the Proposed System
3.5 Feasibility Study
3.6 Source of Data
3.7 Method of
Collection
3.8 System
Specification
3.9 System Design and Implementation
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 SYSTEM
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 System Design
4.3 System
Requirement
4.4 Software Requirement
4.5 System Requirement
for Installation
4.6 System Installation Procedure
4.7 How to Run the
System
4.8 Choice of
Programming Language
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This project
is about integration of intelligent traffic control system, for the types of
collisions, congestions and traffics rules. The examples and perceptive in this
project deal primarily with World computerized traffic control system and some
civilized countries. Traffic light, also known as traffic signal, stop light,
traffic lamp, stop and go light, robots or semaphore, are signaling devices positioned at road inspections, pedestrian crossing, and
other locations to control competing flows of traffic.
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
The increase
in urbanization and traffic congestion create an urgent need to operate our
transportation systems with maximum efficiency. Real-time traffic signal
control is an integral part of modern Urban Traffic Control Systems aimed at
achieving optimal Utilization of the road network. Providing effective real
time traffic signal control for a large complex traffic network is an extremely
challenging distributed control problem. Signal system operation is further
complicated by the recent trend that views traffic signal system as a small
component of an integrated multimodal transportation System. Optimization of
traffic signals and other control devices for the efficient movement of traffic
on streets and highways constitutes a challenging part of the advanced traffic
management system of intelligent transportation system.
Simply
defined, Intelligent Transport Systems
and Services is the integration of information and communications technology
with transport infrastructure, vehicles and users.
For a
large-scale traffic management system, it may be difficult or impossible to
tell whether the traffic network is flowing smoothly and assess its current
state. Over the past few years, multi-agent systems have become a crucial
technology for effectively exploiting the increasing availability of diverse, heterogeneous
and distributed information sources. Researchers over the Years have adopted
numerous techniques and used various tools to implement multi-agent systems for
their problem domains. As researchers gain a better understanding of these
autonomous multi-agent systems, more features are incorporated into them to
enhance their performance and the enhanced systems can then be used for more
complex application domains.
Intelligent
software agent is an autonomous computer program, which interacts with and
assists an end user in certain computer related tasks. In any agent, there is
always a certain level of intelligence. The level of the Intelligence could
vary from pre-determined roles and responsibilities to a learning entity.
Multi-Agent System is the aggregate of agents, whose object is to decompose the
large system to several small systems which communicate and coordinate with
each other and can he extended easily. Agent-based simulations are models where
multiple entities sense and stochastically respond to conditions in their local
environments, mimicking complex large scale system behavior. The urban traffic
system is a much complex system, which involved many entities and the
relationship among them are Complicated.
Therefore, the most important issues
for a learner agent is the assessment of the behavior and the intelligence
level of the other agents. By sharing vital information, Intelligent Traffic
System allows people to get more from transport networks, with greater safety
and with less impact on the environment. Intelligent Traffic System helps the
whole transport system to work most effectively and efficiently. Intelligent
Traffic System integrates users, transport systems, and vehicles through
state-of-the-art information and communications technologies. Intelligent
Traffic System can dramatically improve travelers’ safety, efficiency and
comfort. Intelligent Traffic System helps shippers and carriers move freight to
its destination reliably and efficiently. Intelligent Traffic System helps the
people who run transport systems provide better service to their customers.
Intelligent Traffic System helps get the best value from the road and rail
systems we already have. Intelligent Traffic System helps traffic flow more
smoothly, reducing delays, fuel consumption, and air and noise pollution.
Intelligent Traffic System helps make public transport more convenient and
affordable.
Intelligent
Traffic System often works behind the scenes. When emergency vehicles get to a
crash site more rapidly than before, Intelligent Traffic System is detecting
the crash, notifying emergency services, and getting the nearest response unit
rapidly to the site. Technology in a vehicle prevents skidding and helps the
vehicle to stop safely; the driver may not even realize that assistance was
provided, but Intelligent Traffic System is at work.
1.2
statement of
the problem
Traffic
congestion is an increasing problem in cities and sub urban spend more of their
time commuting to work, school, shopping, and social event as well as dealing
with traffic light jambs and accidents. Traffic became heavy in all directions,
more to and from cities as well as between sub urban locations. Sub urban
business locations required huge parking lots because employees have to drive;
there were few buses trains, or trolleys to carry scatter workers to their work
place. The hope of reduced congestion in the sub urban had not been realized;
long commutes and traffic jams could be found everywhere.
1.3
AIMS and objectiveS
Intelligent
Traffic System provides travel opportunities and additional travel choices for
more people in more ways, wherever they live, work and play, regardless of age
or disability.
The aims of this research work are:
- To design and implement an
intelligent traffic control system.
- To develop a suitable algorithm to
implement the design.
- To simulate the intelligent traffic
control using Java programming language.
The first objective is to make each
of the traffic lights or semaphores smart. That is, aware of the time of day,
basic turn red, green or yellow rules, and perhaps what traffic looks like in
all directions based upon locally mounted signals. In achieving these aims, the
following objectives will also be followed:
- To design a simple system that is
easily adaptable to the existing traffic conditions at the junction, involving
a minimum of physical changes in the intersection.
- To provide the quickest possible
clearance to vehicular and pedestrian traffic in all directions at a junction.
- To a design flexible artificial
intelligence traffic light system that will take care of changes in the traffic
density and character.
- To reduce the stress of the traffic
warder.
- To reduce the occurrence of possible
accident.
- To verify the efficacy of the
program.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
important of this research work are:
- It will help in reducing the
occurrence of possible collision or accident and thereby improve the confidence
of the driver and the pedestrian plighting through the highways.
- The project to allay the fear of time
wastage at the junctions because of unevenly directions of traffic system.
- Since the system is capable of
working for 24hours uninterrupted thereby assured constant availability of
traffic control service hence reduce human effort and energy.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope is
the design of an intelligent traffic control system. The modern method of
traffic control system is indicating each light at a particular time interval
to pass a vehicle at one lane and stop vehicle on the other lane. The light is
broken into three (3) categories (Red, Yellow,
and Green) to signal to lane on what to do at a particular time where
the red signify STOP, yellow signify READY, and green signify MOVE.
Each light
is designed to turn itself on whenever it is necessary and turn off the time
elapse.
1.6 limitation
of the study
Traffic
congestion is a serious problem despite costly effort to create an integrated
method of traffic control system. The number of private automobiles used mainly
by people with middle and income, has increased faster than any form of
transportation in Lagos (Nigeria) and this has increased a demand of expansion
of roads, parking space and improved computerized traffic control system.
1.7 methodology
The designed
method employed for the intelligent traffic control system for this case study
was the use of Split Cycle and Offset Optimization Technique. This technique
used was use for the signal timing optimization and also to make a series of
frequent adjustment for signal timing to minimize the modeled vehicle delays of
the case study. The method is developed to meet the need of today`s traffic
management. Java was the programming language used for designing the
intelligent control system of the case study and its design analysis as a
functional designed method for the specification that identifies whether a new
replacement system is required. This is done so as to ensure proper accuracy,
efficiency and effectiveness which is the basic of a traffic control system
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Traffic
Light: A road signal for directing vehicular traffic by means of colour lights,
typically red for stop, green for go, and yellow for proceed with caution.
Intelligent
Traffic System: refers to information and communication
technology that improve transport outcomes such as
transport safety, transport productivity, travel reliability, informed travel
choices, social equity, environmental performance and network operation
resilience.
§ Intelligent Traffic System will help
all travelers get where they need to go regardless of age or disability and
regardless of where they live. Intelligent Traffic System will provide better
information on available services to travelers who cannot or choose not to
drive including those who are mobility or sight-impaired.
§ Intelligent Traffic System will also
help make it easier to pay for transport services. The future will include a
single electronic payment mechanism to pay for fuel, tolls, public transport
fares, parking, and a variety of other charges that busy travelers encounter
every day. Intelligent Traffic System will help convey the needs and interests
of transport system customers to the people who manage the system, helping to
ensure a transport system that is responsive to those needs and interests.
Intelligent Traffic System will help managers of the transport system to make
services safer and simultaneously available for motorists, cyclists,
pedestrians, and users of public transport.
§ Intelligent Traffic System will help
focus the transport system on meeting the needs of all its customers. Better
meeting customer needs means a renewed focus on customer service and effective
operations.
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