ABSTRACT
This project title is written to help
hospitals especially LEAD HOSPITAL LAGOS, in the areas they encounter problems
in keeping their attendance scheme for patient and the solution given to tackle
problem such as transforming the existing manual attendance scheme for patients
system in which the existing problems involved at the time was laziness of the
Doctors to work, misplacement of files, excessive loitering around of patient
for their files and loitering of paper in the office.
This software reports on our pilot
evaluation of AN ELECTRONIC PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM and their Doctors. The
aim is to improve the quality of care to patient and the information about
them, as indicated by an improvement in the effectiveness and efficiency of
care and in an increase in patient’s satisfaction.
This study makes clear that a
thorough exploration of users’ needs before building the system, using
qualitative research methods may be crucial because it can prevent data
mismatch and maximize the chance that the eventual management system meets its
most important aim: to enhance patient’s empowerment and improve the quality of
care services.
In
order to handle this, I decided to introduce a new an electronic patient
management system for patients. The project dwells more on Computer duty
schedule. This is implemented with Visual Basic programming 6.0 language and
Microsoft Access for effective information keeping.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification Page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of figures ix
List of tables ix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of Problem 5
1.3 Objectives of the
study 5
1.4 Significance of the
Study 6
1.5 Scope of Study 6
1.6 Definition of Terms 7
1.7 Project work
Organization 8
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Literature review 9
2.1 Patient Management
System 10
2.2 Types of an
Electronic patient Management system 12
2.2.1 Nursing Information
System 12
2.2.2 Physical
Information System 12
2.2.3 Radiology
Information System 13
2.2.4 Pharmacy
Information System 13
2.3 Benefits of Hospital
Information System 13
2.4 Development and
Future of Electronic Patient Management System 15
2.5 Features of
Electronic Patient Management System 15
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology 17
3.2 Method of Data
Collection 17
3.2.1 Primary Source 17
3.2.2 Secondary Source 17
3.3 Analysis of the
Existing System 17
3.3.1 Input Analysis 19
3.3.2 Process Analysis 19
3.3.3 Output Analysis 19
3.4 Limitation of the
Existing System 19
3.4.1 Justification For
the New System 20
3.5 System Design 20
3.5.1 Input design and
Specification 21
3.5.2 Information Flow
Diagram 26
3.6 Database Design 26
3.7 System Flow Chart 30
3.7.1 Program Flow Chart 31
3.8 Top Down Design of
the System 35
3.8.1 Registration
Subsystem 36
3.8.2 Department Form
Subsystem 36
3.8.3 DBMS Subsystem 37
3.8.4 Report Subsystem 38
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION,
TESTING AND INTEGRATION
4.1 Choice of Development
tools 39
4.1.1 Operating System 39
4.1.2 Visual Basic 6.0 39
4.1.3 Microsoft Access 40
4.2 Hardware and Software
Requirement 40
4.2.1 Hardware
Requirement 40
4.2.2 Software
Requirement 40
4.3 System Implementation 41
4.4 System Testing 50
4.4.1 Unit Test 51
4.4.2 System Test 51
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION
AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary 52
5.2 Limitations 53
5.3 Recommendation 53
5.4 Conclusion 53
5.5 BEME 54
Bibliography 56
Appendix A: Program Codes 57
LIST
OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Organization
Chart 18
Figure 3.2 Patient Form 22
Figure 3.3 Add Doctors
Form 23
Figure 3.4 Add Employee
Form 24
Figure 3.5 Hospital
Service Form 25
Figure 3.6 Add Bed Form 25
Figure 3.7 Information
Flow Diagram 26
Figure 3.8 System Flow
Chart 30
Figure 3.9 Program Flow
Chart 31
Figure 3.10 Top Down
Design 35
Figure 3.11 Electronic
Patient Management Registration Subsystem 36
Figure 3.12 Department
Form Subsystem 36
Figure 3.13 Electronic Patient
Management DBMS Subsystem 37
Figure 3.14 Electronic
Patient Management Report Subsystem 38
Figure 4.1 Main Menu
Electronic Hospital management system 42
Figure 4.2 Doctors Detail
and Personal Data Form 43
Figure 4.3 Doctors Appointment
Form 44
Figure 4.4 Room Detail
form 45
Figure 4.5 Ward Detail
form 46
Figure 4.6 In patient
Detail Form 47
Figure 4.7 Guardian
Detail form 48
Figure 4.8 Discharge
Detail form 49
Figure 4.9 In Patient Billing
Form 50
List of Tables
Table 3.1 Database design
for Patient Form 27
Table 3.2 Employee Form 28
Table 5.1 BEME 54
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
An
Electronic Patient Management System is any tool used to assist in the delivery
of clinical care from point of care initiation to completion. Tools include
computer based attendance scheme for patient, payment processing software and
information technology systems, blood group and genotype to avoid test result
mismatch of data. Electronic based attendance scheme for Patients is used by
hospital to create process and record their attendance scheme for patient’s
information. This system is used to calculate the nurse punctuate to work. It’s
an effective tool in the hands of the hospital management.
Duty
is a term that conveys a sense of moral commitment to someone or something. The
moral commitment is the sort that results in action, and it is not a matter of
passive feelings or mere recognition. When someone recognizes a duty, that
person commits himself/herself to the cause involved without considering the
self-interesting courses of actions that may have been relevant previously.
This is not to suggest that living a life of duty precludes one from the best
sort of life, but duty does involve some sacrifice of immediate self-interest. Cicero
is an early philosopher who acknowledged this possibility. He discusses duty in
his work “On Duty”. He suggests that duties can come from four different
sources:
1.
It is a result of being human
2.
It is a result of one’s personality place in life (your family, country, and job)
3.
One’s own moral expectations for you can generate duties
From
the root idea of obligation to serve or give something in return, involved in
the conception of duty, have sprung various derivative uses of the word; thus
it is used of the services performed by a minister of
a church, by a soldier, or by any employee or servant. Nurses today have a
broad scope of responsibility as health care providers that require them, under
some circumstance, to exercise independent professional judgment. When nurses
exercise their judgment negligently, they may be held liable because courts
hold them to a correspondingly higher level of accountability. Nurses have been
held liable for their failure to monitor and/or promptly respond to patients by
informing physicians of significant changes in patient’s condition. Under these
types of circumstance, nurses have an affirmative duty to exercise their professional
judgment to ensure that all adequate steps are taken to treat patients
appropriately.
Usage of Information Technology (IT) remained comparatively very
less in Health sectors that other sector despite having more potential. Health
Institution, which is an important sector, should encourage IT usage resulting
better productivity, effectiveness, efficiency and economics leading to better
health care of all. This paper tells a success of implementation of ICT
(Information Communication Technology) in monitoring of medicine in health
institution. System work on low-end resources and E-mail (Electronic mail)
based data transfer from District Head Quarter to State Head Quarter. Implementation
of Med-Centre in all the district of Lagos result in checking on pilferage (the
act of stealing amounts or small articles) for medicine, increase in
availability of medicine at Government institution, increase in attendance of
patients/doctor in health institution, optimal utilization of medicine and data
capturing at source, resulting in availability of error-free data at Head
Quarter.
Electronic Patient Management System is certified automated
payment processing software. It is used by hospitals to input process and
display their patient information. This system is used to manage and maintain
electronic medical records, patient information, prescriptions, lab reports
etc. It is an effective tool in the hand of the hospital management. Lead
Hospital, Lagos, Lagos which is the case study, has patients whose fees are to
be collected after treatment.
Lead Hospital, Lagos, Lagos is one of the biggest and well
equipped hospitals in Nigeria. It has nine (9) training schools/programmers in
the hospital. From the studies carried out by the researcher, the hospital’s
initial means of recording was manual from automated system to computerized
system which lacked some features such as patients and nurses records.
The Hospital is a very important part of our society and it is
imperative for healthcare providers to do their jobs in an efficient and
effective manner. Each day hundreds of thousands of patients enter healthcare
facilities challenging the administration to run the show smoothly. The
employees have to manage and integrate clinical, financial and operational
information that grows with the practice. Information technology has made a
significant impact on the healthcare sector. The past decade has witnessed the
foray of numerous information systems and their resultant products into the
hospital scenario. The number of investments in computers and types of hospital
systems has increased. This is because paper medical records are cumbersome,
bulky to use and difficult to manage. On the other hand digital records are
much easier to handle and improve the workflow efficiency by integrating
various tasks. The ultimate objective therefore, is to build a network of
interdependent centers such as the clinical laboratory, radiology department,
pharmacy, and so on in order to effectively meet the needs arising within the
hospital. Despite the fact that these individual centers are autonomous, they
are interdependent in terms of delivering services and to ensure effectiveness
of providing care. All this can be achieved through hospital information
systems that have formed the cornerstone of today’s modern hospital.
A patient is any person who receives medical attention, care or
treatment. The person is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by
a physician or any other medical professional whereas an outpatient is a
patient who is not hospitalized for 24 hours or more but who visits a hospital,
clinic, or associated facility for diagnosis or treatment. Treatment provided
in this fashion is called ambulatory care. This Electronic Patient Management System
is necessary to ensure the medical practitioner to maintain its operations in
an organized and well-coordinated manner. These solutions save time and run the
operations using the best mechanisms against liabilities. This system is
especially helpful in organizing and keeping patient records up-to-date.
Patient names, records of treatment and medicine given records are well
maintained. Maintaining patient records is really helpful when you are allowed
to refer to the patient's old history. Say for example, you want to refer your
old patients for mouth cancer or jaw piece ulcers and cancers, you may be able
to locate such records on the basis of their symptoms or conditions as you had
entered in the database in the past. By law hospitals are required to record in
the outpatient information register once at the beginning of the morning
session and once during the afternoon whether the pupil is present, absent,
engaged in an approved, or unable to attend due to exceptional circumstances as
defined in regulation. If compulsory hospital patients are absent the register
must show whether the absence is authorized or unauthorized. It must also
record the nature of any approved activities. By using this Electronic Patient
Management System, the department will provide the patients with convenience
and security of having their payment records been stored automatically into the
database for further processing. This automated method is the most advanced and
least expensive way to maintain and process patient’s payment records. If a
patient’s payment record is not found in the database, definitely that
patient’s fees has not yet been paid.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
Prior to the problem encountered with patient’s attitude to their
check up and treatment, the nurse’s laxity (laziness) over their duties, the
need arose to develop a software that will be able to solve the problem. The
problem caused by the use of manual method of keeping outpatient information
and the use of manual method of keeping attendance scheme for patients can only
be solved by computerizing the hospital attendance scheme for patients and
computerizing the hospital outpatient information system. The problems that
this project is set to solve in the manual method of keeping outpatient
information are:
1. Improper documentation of patient
payment record.
2. Difficulty in retrieving patient
payment record.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY
The primary purpose of this project is to enhance the reliability,
security, and convenience in the administration of Lead Hospital, Lagos, Lagos,
and to have a database that contains complete and comprehensive details of
patient departmental payment records as well as a computer based attendance
scheme.
The subsidiary objectives of this project are:
1. To improve checkup and treatment load functionality: Staffing
level and appropriate skill-mix per shift can be more easily determined by the
shift modules. This leads to less time spent in designing and amending
roasters.
2. Better care planning: Time spent on care planning is
reducing, while the quality of what is recorded improved. This makes for more
complete care plans and more complete assessments and evaluations.
3. To facilitate diagnosis of patients thereby reducing patients
wasting time
4. To
exploit the use of ICT as a platform for medical services
5. To better drugs
administration
6. For better
maintenance of duty rosters
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
A patient management system works best as an early intervention;
more success was reported when targeted at more entrenched cases. While some
patient’s care is usually required, the nursing supervisee’s new checkup and
treatment include setting up checkup and treatment schedules, assigning checkup
and treatment to a nursing staff, and ensuring that each member of the nursing
team is adequately trained. This means that they must ensure that nursing
records are correctly maintained, that report is correctly given at each shift
change that patient data are up to date and that equipment and other supplies
are in stock. Among these, other areas where this project work is significant
include:
1. Reducing mortality rate arising from important administration
in the medical service.
2. Helping to determine how
computerized of hospitals has contributed to easy medical services.
Furthermore, this work will serve as a reference work to students
who are carrying research on this topic
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is centered on designing an Electronic
Patient management system for patients. In fact it involves all parts of
medical field in terms of record keepings for patient’s records and all other
aspect of field. However, this project has been limited to GOPD (General
Out–Patient Department) which includes the following areas:
1. Recording of patient health record
2. Acceptance of patient/personal symptom and compliant
3. Provisional prescription and treatment.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Computer: This is an electronic
device that can accept data information of inputs, process the data and it have
the ability to store the data and also retrieves it for future use.
Data: These are groups of non-random
symbols such as words, figures, values which represent event and things that
have taken place.
Database: This is the collection of
related files.
Doctors: These are those that give
medical aid to patients.
Duty: This is a term that conveys a
sense of moral commitment to someone or something.
Hardware: This can be defined as
the physical component of the computer system. Such as monitor, keyboard,
printer, mouse. Etc.
Hospital: This is a health facility
where people who are ill or injured are given medical treatments and care.
File: These are collection of
related records.
Information: this is a data that has
been processed into a form which is meaningful to the recipient and which is of
perceived value in either current or prospective decisions or action by the
recipient.
Management: This is the process of
getting activities completed efficiently with and through other people.
Nursing: This is a profession
focused on assisting individuals, families and communities in attaining,
maintenance, and recovering optimal health and functioning. Modern definition
of nursing defines it as a science and an act that focuses on promoting quality
of life as defined by persons and families, throughout their life experiences
from birth to care at the end of life.
Records: These are collection of
related fields.
Software: This is an application or
program that can be run on computer.
Storage: This is a processing of
storage data and information using storage media.
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION
The report is explained in details from Chapter 1, which contains
the preliminary part of the project that discusses the procedures/methods used
in carrying out the research.
Chapter two discuss the literature review of various researchers
in the field and their analysis.
Chapter Three discuss the system design and methodology that
explains the methods used.
Chapter Four explains the system analysis, Implementation and
Integration that delivers the implied system of the work
Chapter Five discussed the summary, recommendation and conclusion
of the project
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