ABSTRACT
This project
presents the design and construction of a DC to AC inverter system. It is
designed to meet up with the power demand in the offices/homes in the absence
of power supply from National Supply Authority.
It is designed
in such a way that it will take up to 12V DC from battery and inverts it to an
output of 220V, 50Hz AC. It makes no noise during operation and not hazardous
like carbon monoxide is generated to the surrounding. This is the feature makes
it safe to used anywhere when compared to generator.
Also, the circuit is capable of charging
the battery [i.e 12V source] where there is power supply from supply Authority.
This greatly reduces the cost of operation of the system
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 PROBLEM
OF STATEMENT
1.3 AIM
AND OBJECTIVE
1.4 SCOPE
OF THE PROJECT
1.5 METHODOLOGY
1.6 MOTIVATION
1.7 LIMITATION
OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INVERTER
2.1 HISTORY OF INVERTER
2.2.1 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE PROTECT
2.2.1 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
2.2.2 CHANGENG OVER UNIT
2.2.3 SWITCHING UNIT
2.2.4 UNDER AND OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION
UNIT
2.2.5 OSCILLATOR UNIT
2.3 TYPES OF INVERTERS
2.4 COMPARISON WITH THE GENERATOR
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION
AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 COMPONENTS
AND FUNCTION
3.1.1 RESISTOR
3.1.2 CAPACITOR
3.1.3 DIODE
3.1.4
TRANSISTOR
3.1.5 NE555 TIMER
3.1.6 RELAY
3.1.7 REGULATOR
3.1.8 BATTERY
3.1.9 SWITCHES AND SOCKET
3.1.10 METER (VOLT/AMPERE)
3.1.11 LAMINATION
3.1.12 FUSE
3.1.13 TRANSFORMER
3.2 METHODOLOGY
3.2.1 STAGES INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT
3.2.2 DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS STAGE IN
THE INVERTER POWER UNIT
3.2.3
POWER AMPLIFYING STAGE OR INVERTING STAGE
3.2.4 MULTI-VIBRATOR
3.2.5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE CASING
3.2.6 HOUSING OF THE WHOLE COMPONENT
3.2.7 ARRANGEMENT OF COMPONENT ON VERO
BOARD
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 TESTING, DESIGN AND DISCUSSION
4.1.1 TRANSFORMATION STAGE
4.1.2 TRANSFORMER DESIGN
4.1.3 FREQUENCY DIVISION COUNTER
4.1.4 FREQUENCY UNIT
4.1.5 COMPONENT TESTING
4.1.6 TESTING OF THE INVERTER
4.1.7 STAGE BY STAGE TESTING
CHAPTER
FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.2
Background of the Study
An inverter is
an electronics device or circuitry that changes direct current (D.C) to
Alternating current [AC]. The device make used of an in–built automatic circuit
to achieve a complete automation of the entire system. The input voltage,
output voltage, frequency and overall power handling depend on the design of a
specific device or circuitry.
An inverter is
very important element that cannot be neglected in this Country as it is deeply
fasten into the fabric of the society for the obvious reason of inadequate
power supply. It is an important element in homes to power household devices
like electric bulbs, electric cooker, refrigerator, television set e.t.c. It
also finds applications in various places work/offices to power devices like
air conditioners, computers e.t.c.
In spite of
constant repair and efforts put forward by the stake holders in electricity
industry to ensure stable power supply, yet the power generation and
distribution across the country is very bad, low and it very far from being
enough.
However power
failure has resulted in people buying generators for their daily activities.
Businesses are not functioning due to failure of power supply. These are the
reason that make necessary of designing and construction of inverter and other
standby system that can deliver maximum output power to the load.
Statistics have
shown that the number of business that have been closed down simply because of
power failure, cannot be over emphasized, so mankind need inverter seriously in
other to restore technology development, business and medical controls. However
the background of the study lies within the reason why the construction of
inverter should be forwarded the factor that increase the quality of inverter
marketability.
Finally, the
success of this study will beneficial to the society. Mass production of
inverters will lead to improve standard of living of the people and the nation
will move forward in it pursuit of technology development (http://www.falana.tripid.com/tope/index.blog?entry
id=195483copy).
1.2 PROBLEM OF STATEMENT
Faced with the problem
of load power supply from supply authorities, noise pollution, air pollution,
cost of the popular alternative, generator sets, there is need for a less
noisy, pollution free and cheap solution to power problem. Then, this project is to provides a back-up
and power by 220v A.C input and change to D.C sources to charge a 12v battery
and change back to AC source with a reliable power supply of 2000VA output to
power a standard house/offices.
1.3
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The aim of this
project is to design and construct a 2KVA inverter with an inbuilt charging
system that take a 220V input that will be charged when there is supply from
mains and change to D.C and later change back to A.C with the operation of
inverter with output of 2000VA to power a standard offices/house.
The Objective are:
·
To
design and construct an inverter that will be able to power essential loads in
a house
·
To
provide a noiseless source of electricity generation
·
To
provide a source of electricity power with low maintenance cost and zero fuel
cost
·
To
design and construct an alarm circuit that beeps when the load on the inverter
is beyond the inverter capacity.
1.4
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this
project based on the design and construction of a 2KVA inverter and its
operation, with the output power rating of 2KVA an maximum 7.27A and output voltage of 220V AC sources from a
12v inbuilt battery. This project is basically designed for single phase
domestic loads.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
·
To
study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency
·
Draw
a block diagram
·
Studying
of various components of charge controller and inverter circuit
·
Constructs
an inverter circuit
1.6
MOTIVATION
With the obvious
advantages of the inverter being a cheaper [in the long term] and cleaner
source of energy, it is a device that can power essential leads. In the absence
of supply from power supply utilities in the country. Inverter are the best
when it comes to back-up since they can come up very fast and they generate
little or no noise unlike generators. Even in an area with constant power
supply, power outage due to natural cause and fault are usually unannounced. It
therefore very important to prevent causality and loss of good will by having a
reliable back-up power installed (OYETUNJITOBI,S. (2015), construction of 2KVA
inverter Electrical/Electronic Engineering Project Power Option HND II Final
Year Unpublished).
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The major limitation of this project is that it cannot
operate equipment or an electronic device that is above its rated current.
·
Also
the used of bulky transformer instead of copper transformer which is lighter
and smaller in size but more expensive is another limitation.
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