ABSTRACT
Meter bridge is an equipment
used to measure, calculate and determine an unknown resistance using a known
relationships given through the resistivity correlation to length. Wooden board
Measuring; Length 120cm, Width 18 cm and Thickness 2cm was used locally
constructed with the instrument ,Wire and metal strips such as standard
resistor, Unknown resistor, galvanometer, battery, Sliding contact and Keys are
other accessories used in the construction project. The resistor used in the work is to oppose the flow of electric current in a circuit.
Therefore their primary parameter is the resistance value. Galvanometer
is instrument for measuring a small electrical current or a function of the current by
deflection of a moving coil. The purpose of the battery in a series circuit is to give the circuit a source
of energy. While the Sliding contact bearings
are used for low and modest speed applications. The key prevents relative
rotation between the two parts and may enable torque transmission. In
conclusion, this project effectively showed how the metre bridge based on
Wheatstone bridge, provides
a mechanism to calculate an unknown resistance using the known relationships
given through the resistivity correlation to length.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Title Page -------------------------------------------------------------i
Certification
----------------------------------------------------------ii
Dedication
------------------------------------------------------------iii
Acknowledgement
-------------------------------------------------iv
Abstract
-----------------------------------------------------------------v
Table of
contents ----------------------------------------------------vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
----------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 Description
------------------------------------------------------------1
1.3 Description
of the Meter Bridge ------------------------------3
1.4 Aim
of the Study ----------------------------------------------------4
1.5 Objective
of the Study --------------------------------------------4
1.6 Statement
of Problem --------------------------------------------4
1.7 Significant
of the Study -------------------------------------------4
1.8 Limitation of Study -------------------------------------------------5
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Development
of the Meter Bridge ---------------------------6
2.2 The
Theory of the Bridge ----------------------------------------7
2.3 Types
of Wheatstone bridge -----------------------------------9
2.4 Theory of the metre bridge------------------------------------11
2.5 Factors
that Affect Meter Bridge ----------------------------13
2.6 Precautional
Measures------------------------------------------13
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Design
of the meter Bridge ------------------------------------15
3.2 Specifications
--------------------------------------------------------15
3.3 Wooden
Board ------------------------------------------------------16
3.4 Metal
Strips ----------------------------------------------------------17
3.5 Screws
for the Wire -----------------------------------------------17
3.6 Holder
for the Wire -----------------------------------------------17
3.7 Close
up Strips ------------------------------------------------------18
3.8 Terminals
-------------------------------------------------------------18
3.9 Design
of Meter Bridge -----------------------------------------19
3.10 Operation for Construction of Bass Board --------------20
3.11 Copper Strips --------------------------------------------------------21
3.12 Brass Terminals ----------------------------------------------------21
3.13 Mounting of Component of the Board --------------------21
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Findings/Result-----------------------------------------------------22
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion of accurate constructed
metre bridg--------23
5.2 Recommendations
------------------------------------------------23
5.3 Conclusion
------------------------------------------------------------24
REFERENCES
-----------------------------------------------------------------25
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
HISTORY OF WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
The study of electricity is an important aspect of
physics because electricity plays a key role in the modern world. The working of most modern appliances such as
radio, television, computers and calculators, refrigerator, air conditioners,
sound systems and electric fan is possible as a result of electricity.
There are three basic quantities, which must be
clearly understood before we can proceed with the subject of electricity. There are electric current, potential
difference and electric resistance. One
needs to have the knowledge of circuit board and work with a variety of circuit
including voltage dividers, the Wheatstone bridge.
1.2 DESCRIPTION
This is a device for measuring electrical
resistance. In fact, there are many
methods for measuring resistance such as the use of potentiometer, ammeter,
Voltmeter, ohm-meter and by substitution method, by these the most accurate and
suitable method of measuring and comparing resistances is that due to
Wheatstone bridge. This method makes use
of division circuit, which in this case, is known as Wheatstone bridge. The Wheatstone bridge circuit is shown in the
figure I below:
Fig.
I: WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
CIRCUIT
The Wheatstone bridge requires no
calibrated meter unlike the ammeter-voltmeter method, but instead requires one
calibrated variable resistor e, and two resistors R2 and R3 whose
ratio is accurately known together with a sensitive current detecting
device. One adjusts the value of the
variable resistor R1 (the arrow shows that it is variable) until no
current flows through the galvanometer.
The bridge is said to balance when the bridge is balanced the current 2x
and I1 control the junction point as shown in the circuit.
1.3 DESCRIPTION
OF THE METRE BRIDGE
For purposes of practical measurement of resistances,
the Wheatstone bridge is constructed in several convenient forms. One of the convenient forms is the meter
bridge so called because a uniform resistance wire AB, one meter long, is
stretched between two fixed brasses or copper strips the wire presiding the two
arms of Wheatstone bridge. The meter
bridge which can be used to compare the Wheatstone bridge, It is sometimes called a slide wire bridge
fro no better reason than a sliding contacts which can be used to explore the
will position on the resistance wire.
1.4 AIM
OF THE STUDY
The aim of the study is to produce a
meter bridge.
1.5 OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
This is to help, to increase the apparatus (Meter
Bridge) in physics laboratory in Institute of Management and Technology (IMT),
Enugu.
1.6 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
Presently, in Institute of
Management and Technology (IMT), physics laboratory, there are insufficient
metre bridges in the Laboratory. This is
why it has been chosen to construct a new one to increase the numbers of the
meter bridge in the Laboratory.
1.7 SIGNIFICANT
OF THE STUDY
In the area of this study, the construction of the
meter bridge will be highly appreciated in the physics laboratory in Institute
of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu.
1.8 LIMITATION
OF STUDY
This research work is limited in
Enugu Urban Area.
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