The recent outbreak of respiratory illness caused by a novel (new) coronavirus named(SARS-CoV-2) that was first detected in Wuhan City,Hubei province China in December 2019 has kept ravaging the world by spreading at least 213 countries attributing to 6.34million deaths and 543.4 million confirmed cases till 17 June 2022.This research was carried out to investigate the acceptance of covid 19 vaccine among the adult in Oda Community. Descriptive study was used to carry out this research by using questionnaire,personal interview, observation and review of existing records to obtain information from people. A total number of one hundred and ten(110) respondents were selected for the study while hundred (100) questionnaire were retrieved.The statistical methods used for the analysis are frequently distribution and simple percentage.After the analysis of the data collected,it was revealed that high percentage 79% of the respondent have taken covid 19 vaccine,while 21% of them did not take it because they were scared and also said it is harmful . At the end of this study,It was recommended that government should ensure that equipment needed for covid 19 vaccine should always be available and they should recruit more competent and trained health worker's for the job.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Corona viruses belong to the coronaviridae family in the Nidovirales order. Corona represents crown like spikes on the outer surface of the virus, thus it was named as Coronavirus. Corona viruses are minutes in size (65-125mm in diameter)and contain a singles stranded RNA as a nucleic material, size ranging from 26 to 32 kbs in length. The subgroups of coronavirus family are alpha (α ),beta (β), gamma (Ꝩ) and delta (∞) coronavirus. The severe acute (SARS-COV), HSN, Influenza A, HlN 2009 and middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS COV) cause acute lung Injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which leads to pulmonary failure and result in fatality. These viruses were thought to Infect any animal until the world witnessed a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused by SARS_CoV,2002 in Guangdong China (www.sciencedirect.com 2020).
Many health experts believe that the new strain of corona virus likely originated in bats or pongolins. The first transmission to humans was in Wuhan, China. Since then, the virus has mostly spread through person-to-person contact (www.medicalnews today.com 2020).
The recent, outbreak began in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei province of China. Reports of the first covid-19 cases started in December 2019.Corona virus are common in certain species of animals, such as cattle and camels. Although the transmission of corona viruses from animals to humans is rare, this new strain likely came from bats, through one study suggests pangolins may be origin (www.medicialnews today.com 2020).
Scientist first identified a human corona virus in 1965.It caused a common cold. Later that decade, researchers found a group of similar human and animal viruses and named them after their crown like appearance (www.WebMD.com 2021).
Seven corona viruses can infect humans. The one that causes SARS emerged in southern China in 2002 and quickly spread to 28 other countries. More than 8,000 people were injected by July 2003, and 774 died. A small outbreak in 2004 involved only four more cases. This corona virus causes fever, headache, and respiratory problems such as cough and shortness of breath (www.WebMD.com2021).
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Corona viruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that causes illness ranging from common cold to more severe diseases. A novel corona virus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. The new virus was subsequently named the COVID-19 virus"(www.emro.who.com 2021).
Following the subsequently of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, there has been rapid development of covid-19 vaccine candidates. Several vaccine are presently at different phases of clinical evaluation. In addition, some of the vaccines have obtained Emergency use Authorization (EAU) from the World Health Organization (WHO) and other relevant authorities; notably Bio Tech/Pfizer®Jassen® (Ad26.Cov.2.5); Astrazeneca ® (ChAdOXI nCoV-19) vaccine and host of others.The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control(NAFDAC) of Nigeria has approved the use of Astrazeneca® (ChAdOXl nCoV-19)vaccine for use in the country. Sometimes, available information on covid 19 are misleading, resulting in confusion and overload. The World Health Organization (WHO) Strategies Advisory Groups of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) has described vaccine hesitancy is considered a significant threat to global health, and thus due to regional and population variability, there is need to explore local data to add to global pool on covid 19 vaccine hesitancy (Journal of advance research 2020).
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is generally understanding that Chinese created corona virus in order to reduce the world population. Most Nigerians believes the federal government collaborate with Chinese government to reduce Nigeria population through the use of corona virus vaccine and to make money. The pandemic has laid bare it's frugality. Border closures, trade restrictions and confinement measures have been preventing farmers from accessing markets, including for buying inputs and selling their produce. As breadwinners lose jobs, fall I'll and die, the food security and nutrition of people are under threat, with those in low income. Particularly the most small-scale farmers and indigenous people, being hardest hit.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of the study is to;
To determine the acceptance of covid 19 vaccine in adult at Oda community.
2. Evaluate the knowledge of people in the study towards covid 19.
3. To educate people about the Importance of covid 19 vaccine.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significant of the study is to ascertain that;
Covid 19 immunization will prevent the spread of contagious and deadly diseases.
The vaccination campaign will hopefully contribute to extract the world from its current crisis.
DEFINITION OF TERMS AND VARIABLES
Communicable disease: These are diseases that can be transmitted or spread from living animal to another, such as man to man, animal to or animal to man.
COVID_19: A potentially severe, primarily respiratory illness caused by a corona virus and characterized by fever, coughing and shortness of breath.
Endemic: It refer to the usual level of occurrence of a disease within the given geographic area.
Epidemic: Is the occurrence of a disease clearly in excess of the normal expectancy within a given geographical area.
Host: Is the living body upon which a parasite or infectious agent lives (the final recipient of disease may either be a close or a carrier.
Incidence: Is the number of new cases of a disease Ina define population within a specific period of time.
• Incubation period: Is the time interval between the entrance of infectious agent into a host and the appearance of system.
Pandemic: Is the occurrence of disease over a wide geographical area and affecting an exceptionally high percentage of population.
Prevention: Refer to action aim that eradicating, eliminating or minimizing the disease and disability, or if none of these are feasible, regarding the progress of the disease and disability.
Quarantine: The process of limiting the movement of an individual that has been exposed to communicable disease until the incubation period expires.
Resistance: The natural power of the body to withstand the toxins of disease.
ABREVIATION OF TERMS
ACT: Access to Covid 19 Tools
AEFI: Adverse Effect Following Immunization
AEFSI: Adverse Event on Special Interest
CCE: Cold Chain Equipment
CDC: Center for Disease Control
CM: Community Mobilization
COVID 19: Corona virus 19
DSNO: Disease surveillance and Notification Officer
ED: Auto Disposable
EPI: Expanded Program On Immunization
SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
TP: Target Population
VVM: Vaccine Vial Monitor
WFPS: Ward Focal Person
WHO: World Health Organization.
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