ABSTRACT
This is an investigative study into the
prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Oba-Ile community. A descriptive study
design was used for this research. Review of existing records, one hundred and
twenty (120) questionnaires were administered and one hundred and fifteen (115)
were retrieved for analysis. It was also shown that 65% of the respondent
understood the meaning of teenage pregnancy as occurring between age 13-19yrs.
However, this knowledge did not translate to the prevention of practices that
could lead to teenage pregnancy among Oba-Ile girls, as 57% have been pregnant
before. Moreover 51% of the respondents have married before and were unable to
go back to school after pregnancy. Their
parents were not ready to sponsor them academically. The review of existing
records from CHC Oba-Ile between 2019-2021, out of 1089 ANC attendants, 257
representing 70.5% were teenagers. It was revealed that there was slight
increase between 2019 and 2021 (20.7%/21.83%) The increase in teenage
pregnancies became prominent in 2021(28.36%). This is an indication that
probably the stakeholder had failed consistently in preventing teenage
pregnancies. It was recommended that provision of facilities that can enhance
educational development and discourage unwanted pregnancies among teenagers.
Parents should ensure they feed their children with accurate information on sex
education.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv-v
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii-ix
List of tables x-xi
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background
of the study 2
1.3 Statement
of the problem 3
1.4 Aims
of the study 3
1.5 Objectives
of the study 3
1.6 Research
questions 3
1.6 Significance
of the study
4
1.7 Definition
of terms 4-5
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature
review 6-8
2.2 Teenage
pregnancy 8
2.3 Signs of
pregnancy 8
2.4 Causes
of teenage pregnancy 9
2.5 Risk
factors for teen pregnancy 9-11
2.6 Prevention of teenage pregnancy 11-12
2.7
Impact of teenage pregnancy 12
2.8 Challenges
of teenage motherhood 12-13
2.9 Effect of
teenage pregnancy on education 13-14
2.10 Social issues
related to teenage pregnancy 14-16
2.13 Social and economic consequences 16
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 Research methodology 17
3.1 Study design 17
3.2 Study area 17-18
3.3 Study population 18
3.4 Sample size determination 18
3.5 Sampling technique 18
3.6 Study Instrument 18
3.6 Method of data collection 18
3.7 Data Analysis 18
3.8 Ethical consideration 18
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.1 Data presentation and analysis 19-26
CHAPTER
FIVE
Discussion, conclusion and recommendation
Discussion of
findings 27-28
Conclusion 28-29
Recommendation 29-30
REFERENCE 31-35
APPENDIX 36
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Distribution of age of the respondents 19
Table ii: The
educational status of the respondents. 20
Table iii: The
religion of the respondents 20
Table iv: The
tribe of the respondents 21
Table v:
respondents’ knowledge about teenage pregnancy 21
Table vi:
Respondents’ response on major causes of teenage pregnancy 22
Table vii:
Respondents that been pregnant before 22
Table viii:
Respondents age when they got pregnant 23
Table ix: What
they did after pregnancy 23
Table x:
Respondents feeling at their first pregnancy 24
Table xi: Respondents that had aborted 24
Table xii:
Respondents reason for abortion 25
Table xiii:
Respondents’ response whether teenage pregnancy is dangerous 25
Table xiv:
Respondents’ responses on who should be blame for teenage pregnancy26
Existing records of teenage pregnancy from Jan 2019-Dec 2021 (3years)
extracted from comprehensive health centre, Oba-Ile. 26
CHAPTER
ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Adolescent
pregnancy is defined as a pregnancy in girls 10–19 years of age. It is
estimated that about 16 million girls 15–19 years old give birth each year,
contributing nearly 11% of all births worldwide (WHO, 2014).
Although adolescent fertility rates are falling globally, approximately
18 million girls under the age of 20 give birth each year. Two million of these
births are from girls under 15 years of age (UNFPA, 2014). Teenage pregnancy is a global problem and is
considered a high-risk group, in spite of conflicting evidence. Our objective
was to compare obstetric outcomes of pregnancy in teenagers and older women (Shashikan
et al., 2018). Currently one in five pregnant teenagers is infected with the
virus. This creates a new imperative to understand teenage pregnancy and the
pattern of high-risk sexual activity of which it is one consequence (Rachel et
al., 2019).
In developed and developing countries teenage pregnancy
continue to receive increased attention because of early age at which
adolescents engage in sexual activity and the result of unplanned and
unintended pregnancies associated with the risk and problems of early
motherhood, education and communication on reproductive health services. The
incidence of teenage pregnancy has been very high in the Nigerian society. In
prospect, the authors noted that family dysfunction has an enduring and unfavorable
health consequences for women during the adolescent years, the childbearing
years and beyond. When the family environment does not include adverse
childhood experiences, becoming pregnant as an adolescent does not appear to
raise the likelihood of long term negative psychological consequences.
Statistically, girls who are reared from poor background families have the
highest rated sexual activity that led to early pregnancy (Florence, 2015).
1.2 BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
Adolescent pregnancy is an international dilemma
affecting not just the adolescent and her infant, but entire societies. Of
almost 300 million female adolescents worldwide, 16 million give birth yearly,
accounting for 11% of all births worldwide. The Millennium Development Goal
incorporates reducing adolescent births worldwide (Nola, 2015). Approximately 12 million girls aged
15–19 years and at least 777,000 girls under 15 years give birth each year in
developing regions. At least 10 million unintended pregnancies occur each year
among adolescent girls aged 15–19 years in the developing world. Complications
during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death for
15–19-year-old girls globally, of the estimated 5.6 million abortions that
occur each year among adolescent girls aged 15–19 years, 3.9 million are
unsafe, contributing to maternal mortality, morbidity and lasting health
problems(WHO, 2021).Adolescent mothers (ages 10–19 years) face higher risks of
eclampsia, puerperal endometritis, and systemic infections than women aged 20
to 24 years, and babies of adolescent mothers face higher risks of low birth
weight, preterm delivery and severe neonatal conditions (WHO, 2021). The long-lived belief in the African society where
females were not prioritized for education is fading out. With this, it
expected that female education will increase in sub-Saharan Africa (Browne,
2018). The need to prevent early pregnancy among adolescent girls in
Sub-Saharan Africa has been recognized increasingly over recent years (Ibrahim
et al., 2018).
In Nigeria, an estimated 23 percent of women aged 15-19 years have begun
childbearing, of which 17 percent have had their first child and 5 percent are
pregnant with their first child. Also, 32 percent of teenagers in rural areas
have begun childbearing, as opposed to 10 percent in the urban areas of Nigeria.
(Rise up contribution, 2014).
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Teenage pregnancy
has been a major challenge over years, most of the children dropped out from
school, unable to attain higher educational level, this has made them give
birth they were unable to take care and some of these teenagers endanger their
health, while some lost their life due to abortion because they are not prepared
for the pregnancy. During my rural urban practical posting to Oba-Ile community
in Akure North Local Government Area. It was observed that most antenatal
clients were mostly teenagers. Hence, the need to look into the causes and
effect of this menace among the study gap.
1.4 AIM OF THE STUDY
The Aim of the
study is to investigate the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Oba Ile
Community.
1.5
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The
objectives of this study are to;
1. Evaluate
the number of teenage who experienced unwanted pregnancy Oba Ile Community Akure
South LGA
2. Determine
the side effects of teenage pregnancy on the society.
3. identify
the prominent factors that lead to teenage pregnancy
1.6
RESEARCH QUESTION
1. What
is the level of teenage pregnancy in Oba Ile Community?
2. What
are the effects of teenage pregnancy Oba Ile Community?
3. What
are the prominent factors that lead to teenage pregnancy in the study area?
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This study will investigate the prevalence
of teenage pregnancy, it will also help to examine the causes of teenage
pregnancy, it will also help to identify the factors that lead to teenage
pregnancy in Oba-Ile community. This study will also help to reduce the
mortality rate among the teenagers. This study will also help the public and
health workers in the prevention of teenage pregnancy. This study will also
serve as base line knowledge for other researchers.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS.
Abortion:
is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It uses medicine or surgery to remove the
embryo or fetus and placenta from the uterus.
Adolescent:
is the period following the onset of puberty during which a young person
develops from a child into an adult.
Fertility:
is defined as the natural capacity to conceive a child.
Eclampsia:
is the new onset of seizures or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia.
Health:
According to the World Health Organization, is "a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
and infirmity".
Incidence:
refers to the number of individuals who develop a specific disease or
experience a specific health-related event during a particular time period
(such as a month or year).
Morbidity:
refers to having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease
within a population.
Mortality rate:
is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause)
in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of
time.
Obstetrics:
is the branch of medicine and surgery concerned with childbirth and midwifery.
Pregnancy: is
the term used to describe the period in which a fetus develops inside a woman's
womb or uterus.
Teenage: is
a young person between 13 and 19 years old.
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