THE IMPACT OF REHABILITATION SERVICES OFFERED TO THE LESS PRIVILEGES IN JIGAWA STATE A CASE STUDY OF MAIGATARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT

 ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of rehabilitation services provided to the less privileged population in Maigatari Local Government, Jigawa State. The research focuses on assessing the effectiveness and reach of rehabilitation programs aimed at improving the lives of vulnerable individuals within the community. It employs a case study approach to gain a comprehensive understanding of the specific initiatives and their outcomes. The research methodology involves a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and data analysis. Key stakeholders, including beneficiaries, government officials, and service providers, are interviewed to gather insights into the design, implementation, and outcomes of rehabilitation services. The findings of this study reveal the extent to which rehabilitation programs have positively impacted the less privileged in Maigatari Local Government. It assesses the effectiveness of these services in terms of education, healthcare, skill development, and social integration, among other dimensions. Additionally, the study identifies challenges and opportunities for improving the delivery and accessibility of rehabilitation services to ensure a more equitable and inclusive society. The research contributes valuable insights that can inform policy decisions and program improvements aimed at enhancing the well-being and social inclusion of the less privileged population in Jigawa State.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page-   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -                  --i

Approval page -    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -ii

Declaration -         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -iii

Dedication - -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -iv    

Acknowledgement -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -v

Table of content -  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -vi

Abstract -    -        -        -        -        --       -        -        -        -        -viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study -   -        -        -        -        -        -        -1

1.2 Statement of the Problem    -        -        -        -        -        -        -4

1.3 Research Objectives - -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -4

1.4 Research Questions:- -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -5

1.5 Significance of the Study-   -        -        -        -        -        -        -5     

1.6 Scope and Limitations-       -        -        -        -        -        -        -6

1.7 Historical Background -      -        -        -        -        -        -        -6

1.8 Definition of Key Terms -   -        -        -        -        -        -        -6

1.9 Abstract -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -8

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Conceptual Framework-     -        -        -        -        -        -        -9

2.2.1 Vocational Rehabilitation -        -        -        -        -        -        -11   

2.2.2 History of Vocational Rehabilitation    -        -        -        -        -14

2.3 Components of Community Based Rehabilitation-     -        -        -16

2.4 Models and Approaches to Rehabilitation-       -        -        -        -18

2.5 Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) Programs -  -        -        -20

2.6 Theoretical Framework  -    -        -        -        -        -        -        -26

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction -  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -29

3.1 Research Design       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -29

3.2 Research Instruments -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -29

3.3 Population of the Study -     -        -        -        -        -        -        -31

3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Technique    -        -        -        -        -31

3.5 Sampling Techniques   -      -        -        -        -        -        -        -31

3.6 Method of Data Collection - -        -        -        -        -        -        -31

3.7 Method of Data Analysis -  -        -        -        -        -        -        -32

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction -  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -33

4.2 Presentation and Analysis - -        -        -        -        -        -        -33

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 Introduction -- -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -40

5.1 Summary  -     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -40

5.2 Conclusion      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -41

5.3 Recommendations    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -41

References

 Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Development initiative has often been top-down, initiated by policy-makers of locations far removed from community level, and designed without involvement of the community. It is now recognized that one of the essential elements of development is involvement of the community as individuals, groups or organizations, or by representation at all stages of the development process including planning, implementation and monitoring. A community-based approach helps to ensure that development reaches the poor and marginalized, and facilitates more inclusive, realistic and sustainable initiatives (WHO, 2010).
The World Disability Report estimates that there are over one billion people with disabilities in the world, of which between110-190 million experience very significant difficulties (WHO, 2011). People with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments resulting from any physical or mental health condition which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others (UN, 2018).

“Unless disabled people are brought into the development mainstream, it will be impossible to cut poverty in half by 2015 or to give every girl and boy the chance to achieve a primary education by the same date which is among the goals agreed upon by more than 180 world leaders at the UN Millennium summit in September 2000” (James Wolfenhn, 2002).

Poverty and disability has many aspects it is more than just the lack of money or income “poverty erodes or nullifies economic and social rights such as the right to health, adequate housing, food and safe water, and the right to education. The same is true of civil and political rights, such as the right to a fair trial, political participation and society of the person” (WHO, 2010).

Koffi Anna added added that, “wherever we life one soul from a life of poverty, we are defending human rights. And whenever we fail in this mission, we are failing human rights.” Hence, this is what CBR standout for, to rescue the life of people with disabilities (visual impaired or the physically challenged).
A key large scale strategy which springs from this right-based approach to disability is community Based Rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities, and social inclusion of all people with disabilities (WHO, ILO & UNESCO, 2004).
In 2004, the Joint Position Paper of (WHO, ILO & UNESCO , 2004) recognizes that people with disabilities should have access to all services which are available to people in the community, such as community health services, child health, social welfare and education programmes that match with their disabilities especially the Braille writing of the visual impaired compared to their non-disabled counterpart.
It also emphasizes human rights and calls for actions against poverty, government support and policies development for the disabled. The early programmes were focused on physiotherapy, assistive devices and medical or surgical interventions. Also, educational activities and livelihood opportunities through skills-training or income generation programmes and a lobby for loans and assistance to invest and attain to education as a common goal, (MDG, 2000).

The researcher’s interest on this topic, “The impact of Community Based Rehabilitation services on the Visual Impaired (disability)” is because most rehabilitation activities in Nigeria often take place in homes and hospitals in cities, living a good number of our disabled people in the rural areas been “parasite on their families and the communities by begging for alms or depending on others for their livelihood, making life miserable experience” (WHO, 2011).

Hence, failing in the campaign for their families and communities from stigmatizing and discriminating them as the only people living close to them; instead of helping them (People with Disability) to come out productive and make (counseled) them to accept their condition and feel belong.

CBR can also enables the family and the community to know some roots causes of disabilities and worked towards curtailing them for the future, and to also see the need for some visually impaired to get enrolled in schools specially meant for them and other vocations for life sustainability.

In Maigatari Local Government, like many other regions in the world, there are destitute individuals who struggle to meet their basic needs due to various circumstances such as poverty, disability, or social exclusion. The destitute in this context refers to individuals who lack the means to sustain a minimum standard of living and are deprived of essential resources, including food, shelter, healthcare, and education. The conditions they endure often lead to a cycle of vulnerability and dependency, making it challenging for them to break free from their disadvantaged state.

Recognizing the plight of the destitute, several rehabilitation services have been established by both governmental and non-governmental organizations in Maigatari Local Government. These rehabilitation services aim to alleviate the suffering of the destitute by providing them with support, empowerment, and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods. The effectiveness and impact of these services are crucial in understanding their contribution to improving the lives of the destitute and the overall well-being of the community.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Despite the presence of rehabilitation services in Maigatari Local Government, it remains unclear how effective these programs are in uplifting the lives of the destitute. While there have been anecdotal success stories, a comprehensive assessment is lacking, hindering the identification of areas that require improvement and the formulation of evidence-based strategies. The researcher intends to access the level of rehabilitation effects in Maigatari LG and suggest ways forward.

It is widely reported that people living with disabilities especially the visual impaired are excluded from education, health, employment and other aspects of society and that this can potentially lead to exacerbate poverty (WHO, 2011). This to a large extent makes most special needs persons more often than not become parasite on their family and the community by begging for alms or depending on others for their livelihood, making life a miserable experience. This exclusion is contrary to the essence of the United Nations (UN) without considering the special need persons especially need persons especially the physically challenged. Physical obstacles and social barriers prevent these people from participating in community and social life.

1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The general objective of this research is to assess the impact of rehabilitation services offered to the less privileges in Maigatari Local Government.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

       i.            To identify the types of rehabilitation services available to the destitute in the study area.

     ii.            To examine the accessibility of these rehabilitation services to the target population.

  iii.            To investigate the challenges encountered by service providers and beneficiaries in implementing these programs.

   iv.            To identify the effectiveness of rehabilitation services in improving the socio-economic conditions and overall well-being of the destitute individuals.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

       i.            What types of rehabilitation services are currently being offered to the destitute in Maigatari Local Government?

     ii.            How accessible are these services to the target population?

  iii.            What are the major challenges faced by both service providers and beneficiaries in the implementation of these rehabilitation programs?

   iv.            To what extent have the rehabilitation services contributed to improving the socio-economic conditions and overall well-being of the destitute individuals in the community?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study's findings will be valuable in several ways:

1.     Policy Recommendations: The research will provide evidence-based insights to policymakers, enabling them to design more effective and targeted rehabilitation programs for the destitute population.

2.     Service Improvement: By identifying challenges and barriers faced by both service providers and beneficiaries, the study will help improve the delivery and accessibility of rehabilitation services.

3.     Community Empowerment: Understanding the impact of these programs on the destitute individuals will contribute to community empowerment and social cohesion.

4.     Academic Contribution: This research will add to the existing literature on the subject of rehabilitation services and their effects on destitute populations, potentially inspiring further studies in this area.

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The study will focus on the rehabilitation services offered to the destitute in Maigatari Local Government. It will include various types of services such as vocational training, healthcare support, counseling, and provision of basic necessities. However, it is essential to acknowledge that certain limitations may arise, including constraints on data availability and the possibility of biases in respondents' answers during interviews or surveys.

1.7 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND  

Maigatari is a border town located in the Sahel along the Niger-Nigeria border. The town is known for its large market founded in 1870 and trading in horses, camels, cattle and other livestock between Niger, Mali, Chad and Cameroon. 

The principal inhabitants of the town include Hausa, Fulani and Kanuri. The town has an area of 870 km² and a population of 179,715 at the 2006 census. It is located 144.6 km (89.9 mi) north of Kano, and was previously part of Kano State until 1991 when Jigawa State gained statehood.

Administration Local Government Area in the north of Jigawa State, Nigeria, bordering on the Republic of Niger. Its headquarters are in the town of Maigatari. The postal code of the area is 732.

 Climate In Maigatari, the dry season is stifling and partially cloudy whereas the wet season is oppressively hot and cloudy. The average annual temperature ranges from 60 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit, rarely falling below 55 or rising over 108.

Air Pollution Particulate matter, a dangerous air contaminant, is causing visible dust in Maigatari. This dust offers a serious health concern since it is created when the gases from industries and cars react.

1.8 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS

1.     Rehabilitation Services: Rehabilitation services refer to a range of programs and interventions designed to help individuals recover, regain skills, and achieve independence after experiencing physical, psychological, or social challenges. These services aim to improve the quality of life for individuals facing various disabilities, health conditions, or social issues.

2.     Destitute: Destitute individuals are those who are extremely poor, lacking basic necessities such as food, shelter, and clothing. They may also be vulnerable, homeless, or suffering from physical or mental disabilities, often leading to their social exclusion and marginalization.

3.     Health: Is a state of optional body performance or functioning.

4.     Pathogens: Are disease causing agents.

5.     Inclusion: Is an act of allowing disabled the opportunity to access education, employment, healthcare etc as any other person does.

6.     Advocacy: Means to ask and persuade for the disabled persons welfare and wellbeing.

7.     Empowerment: The essence is that people with disabilities and their families take responsibility for their development. That is, changing their mindset from passive receivers to active contributors in families, communities life, in learning, playing, working and household activities, in politics and cultural activities.

8.     Disabled: Is an inability of an individual to perform a task carriedout by his grade.

9.     Community: Cluster of people living in an area.

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