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THE EFFECT OF LEAF PLANT EXTRACT ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN OKRA (ABELIMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS L.).

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Product Category: Projects

Product Code: 00009693

No of Pages: 37

No of Chapters: 1-5

File Format: Microsoft Word

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$20

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ABSTRACT

 

Effect of plant extract P.nigrum, O. basilicum and A. indica pretreatment on seed germination, seeding growth of Abelmoschus esculentus was examined in the laboratory of Plant Science and Biotechnology in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike. Seed germination and seedling growth were assessed according to ISTA. Germination and seedling growth rate was carried out on 85mm diameter Petri dish lined with moistened whattman filter paper, with three replication for each treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Okra seeds of clamson spineless varieties were pre – treated with different concentration of plant extract at 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. A control (water) with no seed pre – treatment solution was also included. Ten seeds of okra were randomly dipped into treatment solution at five minutes after which was withdrawn and planted into Petri dish containing whattman filter paper that is already moisted and result were taken. The okra seed reacted differently to different concentration of the  different plants extract (A. indica, P.nigrum and O. basilicum). Okra seed soaked with Piper nigrum were not significantly different at (P> 0.05) for seed germinated and seedling growth. But Azadirchta indica (neem) and O. basilicum (scent leaf) showed reduced seedling growth and seed germination. This study explained the fact that pre – treatment of seeds before storage or planting with Piper nigrum (uziza) extract increase seedling growth and seed germination of okra, and can also control pest and diseases which helps ascertain high seed vigor. The fore use of Piper nigrum (uziza) extract should be adopted by poor resource farmers in pre – treatment of okra seeds.     








TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Title Page                                                                                                                 i

Declaration                                                                                                               ii

Certification                                                                                                             iii

Dedication                                                                                                                       iv

Acknowledgement                                                                                                           v

Table of Content                                                                                                            vi

List of Tables                                                                                                                  ix

List of Plates                                                                                                                    x

Abstract                                                                                                                          xi

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0               Introduction                                                                                                       1

1.1            Justification                                                                                                3

1. 2           Aims and Objective of the Study                                                               3

 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0                Literature Review                                                                                            4

2.1            Host Plant                                                                                                  4

2.1.1         Classification of Okra                                                                                5

2.1.2         Growth and Development of Okra                                                            5

2.1.3         Cultivation   Practices in Production of Okra                                            6

2.2            Economic Importance of Okra                                                                  7

2.3            Constraint to Production                                                                           9

2.4            Use of Botanicals                                                                                    10

CHAPTER THREE

3.0               Materials and Methods                                                                                   12

3.1            Location                                                                                                   12

3.2            Collection of Test Plant                                                                           12

3.2.1         Preparation of Plant Extract                                                                    12

3.3            Seed Collection and Identification                                                          13

3.4            Experimental Design                                                                              13

3.5                   Application of Extracts on Seed                                                             13

3.6             Recording of Growth Parameters                                                           14

 

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1               Result 

 

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                   

5.1            

Discussion                     

Conclusion                                                                                                21

 

References

Appendix   

 

 

 

 

 

 


LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Effect of plant extract at different dilution rate on seed germination of okra at 4

Days after Germination.

Table 2: Effect of plant extract at different dilution rates on seed germination of okra at

7days after germination

Table3:  Effect of plant extract on germination rate and seedling length of okra                       

Table 4: Interactions of the dilution of Extracts, days after planting and the plant extracts on seedling (root) length and number of Okra seeds germinated.


 

 

 

 

 


                                                        LIST OF PLATES

Plate 1: Okra seed growing in petri dish.

Plate 2: Okra seed soak in plant extract of different concentrations.


 

 

  

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

Vegetables are great significant source of vitamin, minerals and plant protein in human diet all over the world. Vegetable cultivation is one of the major branches of agriculture and of
economic value as well.  At the present time vegetable cultivation is becoming more costly due to the increasing use of inputs such as pesticides to sustain production level (Anon, 2006).  Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L) is an important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropics and subtropics for its immature edible green fruit (George, 2003).   Okra is one of the most well known and utilized species of the family malvaceae and also a chief vegetable crop grown for  its immature pods that can be consumed as a fried or boiled vegetable or may be added to salads, soup and stews (kashif et al.,2008). Although okra   originated from South Africa, Indian stands top in area of its production (Anon, 2006).  Okra plays an important role in the human diet (kahlon et al., 2007, Saifullah and Rabbani, 2009). by supplying carbohydrates, fats, proteins, phosphorus, calcium, iron, sulphur, fiber, minerals and vitamins (lamout,1999., Owolarafe and sholonde 2004, Gopalan et al., 2007, Arapistas, 2008. and Dabire et al.,2009). Okra seed can be dried and the dried seeds are nutritious materials that can be used to prepare vegetable curds, roasted and   ground as coffee additive or substitute (Mockchantuk and kumar, 2004). Vegetables   are frequently subjected to various form of processing to make them more suitable for consumption, as well more resilient to long term storage (Nwangburuka et al., 2012).

Germination is the process by which plant grows from seeds resulting in it formation of seedling. Its is also the process of reactivation of metabolic machinery of seed resulting in the emergence of radical and plumule according to siegel et al.,(2005). According to Ajala, (2000) seed are alive and must be kept alive as possible if they are to be seeds, and to ensure its germination must be pre – treated. Pre treatment is an application used in the treatment of   materials   before proper processing. Such pre – treatment   may   lead to an alteration of the basic structure or component of the material according to Nwangburuka et al. (2012). Seeds are pre – treated with synthetic compounds such as sodium hypochlorite or botanicals such as plant extract which is easily obtained by poor resource farmers and have no after effect on seeds according to kiran, (2014).  Roy et al., (2012) reported that plant is reservoir of different types of natural occurring bio-organic compounds having a wide range of biological activities. Asadujjaman et al., (2004), Shah et al., (2014) and Kenny et al., (2014)  reported that different parts of plants and  their extracts have been used   for various activities due to their chemical availability such as its cytotoxic effects, antioxidant properties and ability to reduce plant disease like damping–off, wilt and its simple use without side effects. Some investigations have also reported on bio-insecticidal effects of plant extract from certain species according to Jbilou et al. (2008). Besides protecting plants from different pests and diseases, there are a lot of positive effects of plant extract on germination, growth of seed and inhibitory effect (Talukaler et al., 2015).  Rapid and uniform germination of seeds are desirable for well established  vegetables according to smith and Hadley, (2000) who also  reported  that various chemicals are employed to increase germination as well as growth of vegetables,  and the application of high rates of fertilizer particularly nitrogen (N) can delay and reduce seedling emergence of many vegetable crops.  The use of natural and biodegradable substances like fresh plant extracts has drawn significant importance on seed germination during the last few decades (Grainge and Ahmed, 2005).             

1.1    JUSTIFICATION          

The use of plant extract (leaf) to enhance germination of seeds and vigor is considered in this work to help lower cost of input technology that could be use and obtained by resources poor farmers for vegetable crop production. This work will also enlighten farmers the value of botanicals which have been used in pest and diseases control in other crops and on vegetable crops also which will be assessed in this work.    


1.2 Aims and Objective of the Study

To determine the plant extract that could be used in inducing germination of seeds

To study the effect of these treatment on seed germination and vigor.

    

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