PREVALENCE OF MALARIA INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING RASHEED SHEKONI TEACHING HOSPITAL DUTSE, JIGAWA STATE

ABSTRACT

Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite of the genus plasmodium. It lives in the red blood cells and it is transmitted by the infected female anopheles mosquito. Malaria is a disease with major health problem that has attracted global concern this study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria in pregnant among patient attending Rasheed shekoni teaching hospital, Dutse Jigawa State. A retrospective study was carried out consisting of all documented Register of Tuberculosis from January 2020 to December 2022. Out of 5829 patients tested a total of 378 cases of Malaria was recorded, which represented 64.8%.The highest prevalence was recorded in 2020(65.07%),  followed by 2022(18.51%) and least was in 2021(65.07%).The highest prevalence of Tuberculosis among  age groups was 16- 30 years ( 77.7%),followed by 31- 45(18.7%) ,and 0 -15(3.43%).The  2020 have highest Prevalence of malaria with 65.07%, followed by 2022 with 18.51% and 2021 With 16.4%

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page - - - - - - - - - - -i

Certification - - - - - - - - -ii

Declaration - - - - - - - - - -iii

Dedication - - - - - - - - - -iv

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - -v

Table of content - - - - - - - - - -vi

Abstract - - - - - - - - - -vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction- - - - - - - - - -1

1.1 Background of the Study- - - - - - - - -1

1.2 Aim and Objectives - - - - - - - - -3

1.3 Statement of the Problem - - - -- - - - -3

1.4 Significance of the Study - - - - - - - -3

1.5 Scope and Limitation - - - - - - - - -4

1.6 Definition of Some Term- - - - - - - - -4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review- - - - - - - - -5

2.1 Concept of Malaria - - - - - - - -5

2.2 Prevalence of Malaria - - - - - - - -6

2.3 Effects of Malaria - - - - - - - - -6

2.4 Causes of Malaria - - - - - - - - -7

2.5 Sign and Symptoms- - - - - - - - -8

2.6 Incubation Period - - - - - - - - -9

2.7 Source of Transmission- - - - - - - - -9

2.8 Diagnosis - - - - - - - - - -9

2.9 Treatment - - - - - - - - - -10

2.10 Prevention and Control - - - - - - - -10

CHAPTER THREE

3.1 Material and Method - - - - - - - --11

3.2 Study Area - - - - - - - - -11

3.3 Population of the Study - - - - - - - -12

3.4 Ehical Consideration - - - - - - - - -12

3.5 Sample and Sampling Techniques - - - - - -12

3.6 Statistical Analysis - - - - -- - -- -12

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Introduction - - - - - - -- - -13

4.1 Result and Discussion - - - - - - - - -15

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion, And Recommendation

5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - -17

5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - -17

5.3 Recommendation - - - - - - - - -18

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Human malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite of the genus plasmodium. It lives in the red blood cells and it is transmitted by the infected female anopheles mosquito. Malaria is a disease with major health problem that has attracted global concern: Hence it is regarded as the most important parasitic disease (Oyeniran, 2007). In Africa, 30 million women are living in malaria-endemic areas, become pregnant each year. For this woman, malaria is a threat both to themselves and their babies, weight of 22 million newborn death each year as a result of malaria in pregnancy (Cheesebrough , 2004). Pregnancy x Jack about malaria through a specific activity of the immune system. Protective antiplasmodial activity is surprised at pregnancy which has clinical consequences with important public health implication of pregnant women (Egbucha,2013).

The symptoms and complications of malaria during pregnancy differ with the intensity of malaria transmission and the level of immunity the pregnant woman has acquired (Cheesebrough, 2004). Malaria infection of the Mother may result in a range of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including spontaneous abortion, rational newborn baby deaths, low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation.

The control of malaria still remain actively problems associated with malaria in tropical and subtropical Africa and Nigeria included.

Each year approximately 25 million African women become pregnant in malaria-endemic areas, and these women are at risk of plasmodium falciparum infection during pregnancy (Priscilla, 2015). Research has shown that pregnant women are more susceptible to plasmodium infection, with more episodes which reduces their immunity to infection (Oyeniran, 2007). Apart from the decrease in the immunological function or other factors such as poor environmental hygiene poverty and ignorance have been implicated as the epidemiological factors causing significant maternal and child mortality.

In Nigeria and other endemic countries malaria have posed adverse clinical outcomes including maternal morbidity and mortality in first and second , abortion stillbirth and low birth weight (Egbucha, 2013). Anaemia and death (Cheesebrough, 2004).

Over the years, there has been intensive effort of the international agencies such as world Health Organization who in collaboration with the government and Allied agencies to deal with their increasing of malaria in pregnancy through the use of insecticide-treated mosquito net.

Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria and adequate care treatment of acute malaria attacks in pregnancy (Priscilla, 2015). Despite this commendable efforts repulsive prevalence of high malaria in pregnancy has been reported in northwest part of Nigeria (Gills, 1976) based on the above fact it is imperative to know their effects of malaria among pregnant women at General Hospital Jahun to serve as a baseline data in Healthcare plan and to ascertain the relationship between the personal variables on the prevalence and effect of malaria in pregnancy.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

AIM

Is to determine prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women attending Rasheed Shekoni Teaching Hospital Dutse, Jigawa State

OBJECTIVES

1. To determine the prevalence 0f malaria among pregnant women between age groups attending antenatal treatment at Rasheed Shekoni Teaching Hospital (RSSTH)
2. To determine the prevalence of the level of occurrence between 2020 to 2022 at Rasheed Shekoni Teaching Hospital Dutse

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The prevalence of malaria in RSSTH has been variously studied with no reliable statistic by region through estimate exist. In Rasheed Shekoni teaching hospitals

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study is of great importance to determine the prevalence of malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Rasheed Shekoni Teaching Hospital.

Malaria during pregnancy in areas with stable high transmission of plasmodium falciparum( Gills 1976) which include the use of insecticide treated nets ( cheesebrough 2004)

The study population consist of all pregnant women with malarial infection, registered and record asses in the hospital (Medical Laboratory) from January 2020 to December 2022 Intermittent preventing treatment and effective case management of malaria

Therefore these pictures were deemed it necessary to determine the prevalence 0f malaria among pregnant women attending Rasheed Shekoni teaching hospital

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The scope of this research was limited among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the Rasheed Shekoni Teaching Hospital (RSSTH)

1.6 DEFINITION OF SOME TERM

MALARIA: MALARIA is a life threatening disease cause by parasite that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female anopheles mosquito bites ,the parasite is released into bloodstream.

PREGNANCY: This is the state of carrying a developing embryo of fetus within the female body .Pregnancy Occurs when a sperm fertilizes an egg after it's released from ovary during ovulation.

ANTENATAL CARE (ANC): Is  relating to the medical care giving care given to pregnant women antenatal care classes screening and central care clinic.

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