TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE
PAGE …………………………………………………………………….......i
DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………ii
CERTIFICATION
………………………………………………………………….iii
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………....iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………..v
TABLE
OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………….vi
ABSTRACT…………………………………...…………………………… …
….x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………1
BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY…………………………………………………1
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM…………………………………………………2
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
…………………………………………………………3
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES………………………………………………..………3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY……...………………………………………………….4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
…………………………………………..……..4
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY………………………………..……4
DEFINITION
OF TERMS…………………………………………………..….……4
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURES
INTRODUCTION………………………………….…………………………….…6
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK …………………………………………………..6
PARENTS’
LITERACY LEVELS IN RELATION TO LEARNER PERFORMAN.6
THE EFFECTS OF LITERACY ON PARENTS
THEMSELVES ………………....9
REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL
STUDIES……………………………….....................20
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK…………………………………………………22
IMPACT
OF PARENTAL EDUCATION ON CHILDREN’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 23
CHAPTER THREE:
METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
…………………………………………………………………23
RESEARCH
DESIGN……………………………………………………………...24
POPULATION
OF THE STUDY…………………………………………………24
SAMPLE
AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE………………………………………24
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
………………………………………………………24
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT
……………………..25
PROCEDURE
FOR DATA COLLECTION………………………………………26
METHOD
OF DATA ANALYSIS ………………………………………………..27
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
INTRODUCTION………..………………………………………………………...29
BACKGROUND
VARIABLES………………………………………….………..29
ANSWERING RESEARCH QUESTIONS………………………………………30
HYPOTHESIS
TESTING…………………………………………..……….……..37
SUMMARY
OF MAJOROF FINDINGS …………………………………………39
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
INTORDUCTION………………………………………………………………….40
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS……………………………………………………….42
CONCLUSION………………………………………………….…………….……43
RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………….…..……43
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY……………………………………………………44
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………..……….45
ABSTRACT
The
study examines the effect effects of literacy of parents and pupils academic
performance. The data was obtained through the use of questionnaires. The
target population of the study includes parents, teachers and pupils of 20
randomly selected public and private elementary schools in Ilorin West Local
Government Area. The
sum of 100 copies of questionnaires was administered while 89 copies were
returned and analyzed. The T-test and ANOVA was employed for the purpose of the
data analysis. The result reveals that parent literacy has a significant effect
(at 5% level of significance) on pupil’s academic performance. The study
recommends that irrespective of gender representation, parents are endeavour to
pay closer attention to the pupil’s academic performance; to enhance the
pupil’s academic performance, parents are required to be have some literacy;
parents are to maintain a good home as being a single parent has proven
ineffective on pupil’s academic performance.
.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Education
can be regarded as the most important path through which the child’s potential can
be developed. In order for the child’s potential to be developed, teachers
and parents need to work together to ensure that the child develops to the best
of his or her ability (Dipontsheng 2010). Kok and Rambiyana (2002) cited in Dipontsheng
(2010) indicate that education should not be offered for the sake of the school
but for the child, family, the community and even the state.
Parents
that are intelligent academicians, well educated and professionals provide
their children with a favourable environment to motivate or encourage them to
develop similar interest and perform well in their parent’s subject areas (Ozurumba,
Briggs, Ebuara, and Emanghe, 2007).
In
a study of educational achievement of institutions of learning of education and
uneducated homes in western Nigeria, Ogunlade (1995) cited in Ozurumba et al (2007)
that children of illiterate homes perform worse than their counterparts from
the education homes. Students from this home also study and concentrate in the class
a lot more than the former. Wilton (1975) confirmed the significant
relationship between educational background and academic performance. Bamisaiye
and
Williams
(1971) supported the observations on two of the family background, the elite
and traditional household, that the family set up affect the child degree of
verbal behaviours, their instruction attitudes, and communication which in turn
affects the child academic performance in several courses. Entwisted and Nisbet
(1977) on the child study attributed academic performance at school to the
parents attitudes and their level of educational attainment children from the
parents who have high interest in science subjects tend to imbibe some attitude
towards parental professional occupational subjects which affects their
academic performance.
Smart
(1992) cited in Entwisted and Nisbet (1977) has concluded, that in most homes
today, it is apparent that parents educational level correlate positively with
the academic performance of their children, for better educated parents are
more likely to give their children practice in their school subjects at home,
go to school to find out their progress report and assignment records and
function as achievement models
According
to Kibaara and Ndirangu (2014) children have two main educators in their lives:
their parents and their teachers at school. Parents are the prime educators
until the children attend nursery or start school and remain a major influence
on the children’s learning through school and beyond. There is no clear line to
show where parents’ input stops and the teachers’ input begins. The parents and
the school both have crucial roles to play and the impact is greater if parents
and schools work in partnership (Scott, 2003). Many parents are already
involved in their children’s
education.
Research findings reveal that engaging in leisure activities such as artistic
and music related leisure, reading for pleasure and writing for pleasure all
have positive effects. Each of them increases the likelihood of getting a first
degree, taking a course in adult education and being a member of a voluntary
organisation. According to Robson (2003), these activities also raise earnings
potential in later life.
Today,
parental involvement in education of their children is one of the most
important ongoing discussions in the field of education. There is a remarkable
boost to the learners’ academic success when parents are involved in their
education (Eliason and Jenkins, 2003) cited in Kibaara and Ndirangu (2014). In
some cases, more attention is given on the decline of educational achievement
among students. Kieni-West sub-County is a semi arid area and in most cases the
residents experience prolonged drought. The parents have to travel long
distances in search of food when there is no rain and the children are not left
behind. Most pupils miss classes and accompany their parents to go and work on
people’s shambas to earn extra cash or be paid with food such as potatoes or
maize (Hussein, 2010). Due to lack of proper follow-up, the area is faced with
a high percentage of children not attaining quality grades.
Therefore,
this paper examined the effects of literacy of parents and pupils academic
performance.
Statement of the
Problem
According
to Ozurumba et.al, (2007), poor academic performance amongst Federal Capital
Territory pupils of elementary school has constituted a serious problem and has
become a cause for concern to most parents in different ways. Government and
school heads have been unable to provide adequate solution to the students’
poor academic performance. Parents have been partly blamed for failing to lay
the right foundation in their children, through informal education. This
problem has contributed to a loss of reputation by affected elementary schools
of learning in the area.
Research Questions
This research work intends to answer the questions
below:
1. What
is the academic performance of pupils in English language in Ilorin West Local
Government Area of Kwara state?
2. Does
parent’s gender influence pupil’s academic performance in English language
Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State?
3. Does
parent’s academic qualification influence pupil’s academic performance in
English language in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State?
4. Does
parent’s marital status influence pupil’s academic performance in English
language in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State?
Research Hypotheses
The
two hypotheses below were formulated to guide the study,
Ho1:
There is no significant effect of parents’ level of education on the academic
performance of pupils.
Ho2:
There is no significant effect of parents’ level of education on themselves.
Purpose of the Study
The
purpose of this study was to critically ascertain the effects of parental level
of education on academic performance of students in Ilorin West Local Government,
Kwara State. The project intends to find out the effects of level of literacy
of parents and academic performance of pupils in Ilorin West Local Government
Area.
Significance of the
study
It
is hope that the findings of this study will make various educational stakeholders
like head teachers, Parents and Teachers Associations to understand the effects
of level of literacy of parents on academic performances of pupils and
therefore put appropriate measures to counter the problem.
The
study will also help educational planners and policy makers to understand the
relevant educational policies to be used to improve pupil’s academic
performance irrespective of their parents’ level of literacy.
It
is also hoped that the findings of this study will help parents with negative
attitude towards education to change their negative attitude and start to
assist pupils do homework while at home in order to improve their academic
performance.
Scope and Limitations
of the Study
The
study focused on eight selected public primary schools in Ilorin West Local
Government. It focused on the effects of level of literacy of parents and
academic performance of pupils. Three hundred primary six pupils, twenty head
masters and fifty teachers were sampled for the study.
The
proposed study was faced with some limitations. First, in some schools, the
required information was missing.
Secondly,
accessibility to some schools was a challenge due to poor terrain and means of
transport available.
Finally,
respondents especially pupils who sat for Common Entrance Examination were not available
to give first-hand information.
Definition of Terms
Literacy:
ability to read and write.
Performance:
the measurement of ability of pupils in understanding the task before him or
her and the response given to such task.
Parents:
a person’s father and mother who are responsible for taking care and educating of
the person.
Students:
a person who attends school to learn
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