TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
1.3 Aim
and Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research
Questions
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
1.6 Significance
of the Study
1.7 The
Scope of the Study
1.8 Definition
of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Literature Review
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 Conceptual Framework
2.4 Empirical Studies on Lagos State Traffic Management System
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Design
of the Study
3.3 Area
and Population of Study
3.4 Sample
Size and Sampling Technique
3.5
Research Instrument
3.6 Validity
and Reliability of Instrument
3.7 Method
of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF
RESULTS
4.2 Test of Hypotheses
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Traffic
management is the practice of managing the existing traffic environment to
create avenue for free flow of traffic, to control and manage traffic
proceedings. Prior to 1999, the
transport and vehicular traffic situation in Lagos State was in a state of
neglect and confusion. There was terrible and high vehicle density in the
state, studies carried out showed that that the vehicle density in the state is
about “224 vehicles per km as against a national average of 15 vehicles per km
of New York average of 24 vehicles per km with trams, trains, metro and
waterways transportation” The resultant effect is the perennial road congestion
with its attendant traffic logjam
According
to LASTMA General Manager, Babatunde Edu, The situation of the Lagos roads
before the establishment was frustrating, workers found it very difficult to
get to their various working places at the normal time schedule, the situation
even worsened when it rained because the traffic congestion would be doubled,
compounded with the rough driving of the commuters; because of these problems,
life was hectic and unbearable for most of workers in Lagos. Thus the condition
many road users are faced with in Lagos was rather harrowing, begging for
urgent government attention (Olasunkanmi, 2013).
Consequently,
LASTMA was established and charged with the responsibility of ensuring the free
flow of vehicular traffic in Lagos State in order to save journey time and
improve the quality of life of Lagosians (Olasunkanmi, 2013).
Lagos
State Traffic Management Authority (LASTMA) was established on the 15th of
July, 2000 to control and manage traffic proceedings in Lagos state. According
to an online source, the major purpose of creating LASTMA by the Lagos state
government then under the authority of Governor Bola Hammed Tinubu was to
develop a culture of orderly monitoring of road usage regulation and management
of traffic operations state wide and to ensure free traffic flow on Lagos roads
(Online/http:/www.wikil LASTMA/05/03/2013).
Additionally,
LASTMA was established to make Lagos road safe and reduce to the barest minimum
death, injuries and economic losses through road traffic accidents, congestion
and delay by saving man hour wasted on public highway and ensure a sustainable
economic growth in the state, also to ensure free flow of traffic for better
social economic activities in the state. To reduce deaths, injuries and
economic losses from road traffic accidents, conflicts, congestion and delays
on the public highways in Lagos state by employing modern traffic management
techniques and to inject order and control into the road traffic system (Atubi,
2006).
From
the foregoing it is clear that the main duties or the main purpose for the
establishment of LASTMA are; to develop a culture of orderly monitoring, road
usage regulation and management of traffic operations state wide. To make Lagos
roads are safe and reduce to the barest
minimum death, injuries and economic losses through road traffic accidents,
congestion and delay by saving man hour wasted on public highway and ensure a
sustainable economic growth in the state; to ensure free flow of traffic, for
better social economic activities in the state (Oni, 2004).
The
task before this research work, therefore, is to make an evaluation or an
appraisal of the activities of LASTMA so far for the past years; has LASTMA
really been able to achieve the purpose which it was created for? What are the
obstacles LASTMA has been facing in the past years and what are the successes
they have been able to achieve? All these questions are what would constitute
the appraisal or the evaluation of LASTMA achievements as traffic management
body in Lagos state.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
Before
LASTMA was established in Lagos the major problems on Lagos roads were; high
traffic congestion, traffic log jam, high rate of road accidents, and poor driving
culture of the motorist and the commuters or the road users in general. There
was a poor observation of road rules and regulation, poor usage of the
pedestrian bridge and so on. These problems resulted in several accidents and
attendant loss of lives and limbs, loss of invaluable human hours in traffic
and the attendant wear and tear in human and vehicular conditions. The problems
also impacted negatively on business costs and efficiency and slowed down the
socio-economic development of the state and country at large. These problems
necessitated the establishment of LASTMA in 1999, so that heavy traffic jam in
Lagos would be checked, to create avenue for free flow of vehicular traffic and
to save time and improve the quality of life.
1.3 Aim and
Objectives of the Study
The
aim of this work is to look into the activities and achievements of LASTMA in
Lagos since its creation and see whether it has been a success or a failure.
Other specific objectives are:
1. To
determine if traffic congestion as reduce in Yaba routes–Ojota routes
2. To
determine if driving culture as be impacted on motorist..
3. To
find out if LASTMA has had a positive effect on driving culture.
4. To
find out public perception about LASTMA operatives.
1.4 Research
Questions
The
following research questions shall be answered in the course of the study.
1. Has
the establishment of LASTMA had a positive effect on traffic congestions?
2. Has
the establishment of LASTMA contributed to significant reduction of road
accident?
3. Does
LASTMA have any positive effect on the people’s driving culture?
4. What
is the perception of members of the public about LASTMA operatives?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
Ho:
The establishment of LASTMA in Lagos
has no significant effect on traffic congestion.
Hi:
The establishment of LASTMA in Lagos
has significant effect on traffic congestion.
Ho:
The establishment of LASTMA has no
significant contribution to the reduction of road accident.
Hi:
The establishment of LASTMA has
significant contribution to the reduction of road accident
Ho:
The establishment of LASTMA has no
significant effect on driving culture.
Hi:
The establishment of LASTMA has
significant effect on driving culture.
1.6 Significance
of the Study
This
work is very significant because the research work will examine the effectiveness
of LASTMA since its establishment and see if at all the organization has lived
up to the expectation, if not the reason would also be discussed, thereby
giving a detailed information about the performance, the prospect and the
challenges of LASTMA in Lagos. With all these the research study will be useful
for Lagos state government to evaluate the performance of LASTMA; it will also
be useful for the public, LASTMA and for future researchers.
1.7 The
Scope of the Study
The
scope of this study will cover basically the public; which will include some
selected motorists, commuters and other members of the public in Yaba area and Ojota
road in Lagos metropolis.
The
study area- Lagos Mega-city is located on the south-western coast of Nigeria
along the bight of Benin between latitudes 60 and 70North of the equator and
between longitudes 30 and 40 East of the Greenwich.
Population and Economic
Activities
The Yoruba people
constitute the city's principal ethnic group, Lagos has a very diverse and fast
growing population as a result of ongoing, migration from the rest of Nigeria
and neighbouring countries, its population is about 15,000,000 (census, 2006)
Lagos receives most of Nigeria's import trade, in
particular consumer goods, foodstuffs, motor vehicles, machinery and industrial
raw materials. Its exports trade, which includes timber and agricultural
product such as cocoa, palm nut, and peanut, has declined. Since the 1970s more
than half of Nigeria's industrial capacity is located in Lagos mainland
sub-urban, particularly in the Bceja Industrial Estate.
Lagos is the
western terminus for the Nigerian railway system and is linked by rail and road
also the Murtala Mohammed international airport
is located in the sub-urban north-west of the city centre.
Lagos's rapid
unregulated growth coupled with the challenges of its fragmented eography has resulted in chronic traffic
congestion on the city's road. Despite this, there is relatively little in the
way of boat transport between island and low land sections of Lagos.
1.8 Definition
of Terms
Traffic: it is the
movement of vehicles, ships, persons, etc. in an area, along a street, through
an air plane, over a water route, etc.; it can also means the heavy traffic on
the road or sea or the transportation of goods for the purpose of trade; by
sea, land or air; ships of traffic.
Traffic management:
Traffic management is the method of control for roadwork, that is, the measures
that are generally intended to improve road safety for all its users and ease
congestion or control the use of the cars. In other contexts, it could also
refer to the process of determining timely and economic delivery methods,
arranging both the internal and external transportation and ensuring that
shipment status and logistics are efficiently tracked. Traffic management is a
technique which specializes in providing customers, employees and the public a
safe work zone while maintaining an efficient flow of traffic. This is done by
combining many years of experience with new approaches and technologies to
provide a fresh, progressive direction in the traffic control industry.
Traffic
management initiatives help to keep our traffic moving at peak times and
when over-dimension vehicles are using our roads or road works are
being undertaken. It is the process or method of safely managing road users,
including vehicles and pedestrians through, around or past an activity on a
road reserve, with the minimum level of inconvenience.
Traffic control:
Road traffic control involves directing vehicular and pedestrian traffic around a
construction zone, accident or other road disruption, thus ensuring the safety
of emergency response teams, construction workers
and the general public. Traffic control also includes the use of CCTV
and other means of monitoring traffic by local or State roadways authorities to
manage traffic flows and providing advice concerning traffic congestion.
Traffic control is an outdoors occupation, night
or day for long hours in all weathers, and is considered a dangerous occupation
due to the high risk of being struck by passing vehicles. Safety equipment is
vitally important.
Traffic congestion: Traffic
congestion
is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is
characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing. The most common example is the
physical use of roads by vehicles. When traffic demand is great enough it leads
to interaction between vehicles and slows the speed of the traffic stream, this
results in some congestion. As demand approaches the capacity of a road (or of
the intersections along the road), extreme traffic congestion sets in. When
vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is colloquially known as a
traffic jam or traffic snarl-up. Traffic congestion
can lead to drivers becoming frustrated and engaging in road rage.
Traffic flow: it is the
total number of vehicles passing a given point in a given time, Traffic flow is
expressed as vehicles per hour. In mathematics and civil engineering, traffic flow is the study of
interactions between vehicles, drivers, and infrastructure (including highways,
signage, and traffic control devices), with the aim of understanding and
developing an optimal road network with efficient movement of traffic and minimal traffic congestion
problems.
Road Development authority:
The Road Development Authority (RDA) is the premier highway authority in the
country and is responsible for the maintenance and development of the National
Highway Network, comprising the Trunk (A Class) and Main (B Class) roads and
the planning, design and construction of new highways, bridges and expressways
to augment the existing network.
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