ABSTRACT
Youths are
dynamic force for social transformation and rural community development. Community
Development anywhere in the world is facilitated by the extent to which the
local people can mobilize their resources to address local
needs. The role of the youths to fast-track rural and community
development programmes has been
recognized, particularly, in local communities where they have played
pivotal role in education, health,
environmental sanitation, mass mobilization, religious activities etc. This study identified
types of youth groups and their roles in rural community development within
Kukawa Local Government Area Borno State; constraints to effective
participation of youth in rural community development and strategies to improve
effective participation of youths in rural community development. Simple random
sampling procedure was proposed to select 120 respondents for the study. Data
will be analysed with frequency count, percentages. In conclusion the study mobilizes constraints which
include, lack of basic infrastructure, poor socio-economic conditions and
inadequate leadership as a major setback to youth organization within the study
area. The study highlighted implications on improved extension services,
improved youth group efforts and improved budgetary allocation. Based on
this, the study recommends that community leaders, community development agents
and practitioners should integrate youth groups into every stage of projects’ development, especially at
the stage of conception, initiation, planning, monitoring, evaluation and
supervision of community development projects. It also recommends improving
their access to fund in forms of grants and subventions. This will enhance
effective participation of youths in community development projects.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE…………………..……..…………………………………..…..…i
APPROVAL
PAGE……………………..…..…………………………..……...ii
DECLARATION……………………………..……………..………………….iii
DEDICATION………………………………...………………………....……..iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………...…………………v
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………..…………….....vi
TABLE OF
CONTENTS………………………….…………………………..vii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem.. 3
1.3 Objectives of the
Study. 3
1.4 Research Questions. 4
1.5 Hypotheses. 4
1.6 Significance of the Study. 5
1.7 Scope of the Study. 5
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Conceptual
Definitions. 6
2.1.1 The
Concept of Literature Review.. 6
2.1.2 Concept
of Community Development 10
2.1.2 Review
of All Specific Objectives. 11
2.1.3 Empirical
Studies. 14
2.2 Theoretical
Framework. 16
2.3 Youths
and Self-Help Projects in Nigeria. 19
2.4 Problems
Associated with Youths Community Development Activities in Nigeria 20
2.5 Position
of Youths in Community and Rural Development Programmes in Nigeria 21
CHAPTER
THREE. 23
METHODOLOGY.. 23
3.1 The Study Area. 23
3.2 Source of Data Collection. 24
3.3 Population
of the Study. 24
3.4 Sample
Size and Sampling Techniques. 25
3.5 Method
of Data Collection. 25
3.6 Methods
of Data Analysis. 25
CHAPTER
FOUR
DATA
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1
Data Presentation………………………………………….……………26
4.2
Discussion of
Findings……………………………..………………..….31
CHAPTER
FIVE
SUMMARY,
COUNCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary……………………………………………………………..…….33
5.2
Conclusion ………………………………………………………………...33
5.3 Recommendations………………………………………………………….34
References………………………………………………………………..........36
Appendix………………………………………………………………………40
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Rural
community developments (RCD) are measures which enable rural people to
recognize their ability to identify their problems and use available resources
to build a better life. Community development emphasizes self-help, mutual
support, the building up of neighbourhood, integration and the development of
political decision makers (Smith, 2006). Youths can participate in community
building of rural areas. The operational definitions of the term “youth” often
vary depending on the specific socio-cultural, institutional, political and
environmental factors. The concept of youth has been defined as the period in
an individual life, which comes between the end of childhood and entry into
adulthood (Umeh and Odom, 2011). According to United Nations (2008) and World
Bank (2010) about 50% of the developing world population are youths estimated
at about 1.2 billion of age between 15 and 24 years. This indicates that youths
constitute a serious development opportunity particularly in developing
countries. The merging of community development and youth development has been
at the core of recent youth engagement literature (Nitzberg, 2005). It has been
at the core that youth must be fully engaged and involved in change efforts at
the community level if they are to learn to function as effective members of
society (Nitzberg, 2005).
According
to Pittman (1993) defines youth development as “the ongoing youth process in
which all youths are engaged attempting to meet their basic personal and social
needs to be state feel cared for, be valued and to build skills and
competencies that allow them to function and contribute in their daily lives”
the definition accurately describes youth development as process that all you
people go through on the way to adulthood. As the definition implies, it is a
process or jointly that automatically involves all of the people ground the
youth family and community. A young person will not be able to build essential
skills and competencies to feel safe, cared for valued, useful and spiritually
grounded unless the family and community provide me with the support and
opportunities they need. Thus, youth’s development is also a process in which
family and community must actively participate. Ellis, (1999) refers the
meaning of youth as the way society regard youth, varies across time and Space,
as well as within societies. In particular, youth had an important gender
dimension, boys and girls might experience being youth in a considerably
different.
In
Nigeria, youth activities date back to the pre-colonial era within youth, in
spite of their limited number, organized themselves on age grade basis in their
various communities. Today, youth in Nigeria constitute of bulk of the
population, from statistics available, persons between the ages of 12 plus and
30 years account for about 43% (forty three percent) of our population.
Consequently, youth are not merely an object of passing concern on academic
study, but a factor to be reckoned with Youth organizations, just like any
other sector, are faced with questions on their roles and achievements and
whether they meet the interests of youth or not, as well as on their abilities
to influence and draw general policies. The role entrusted to the youth
organizations is by role, and their development and effectiveness will
certainly way. Hence into being defined chronologically as a period of age
between certain ages, youth is also defined functionally involve a process of
transition from childhood to adult, marked by rituals or physical changes, as
well as culturally, (pertaining to the role that individuals play in a given
social context).
Youth
organization and community development in many societies all over the world is
highly dependent on the overall level of the country’s socio-economic
development. In the past, it has been viewed in terms of the planned on the
production such that while a country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Agricultural
Production declines, that of the manufacturing industries rises. Prof. Amaty
Sen, the 1998 Noble Laureate in economics conceived youth organization of a
nation as a multi-dimensional process involve in major changes in social
structures, popular attitude and national institution as well as the
acceleration of economic growth, reduction of inequality and the eradication of
poverty through the provision of basic needs and desires of the individuals
social groups and human capital development (Ukpong and George, 2012).
This study is
concerned with the contribution of youth organization in Kukawa Local
Government Area for clarity of purpose. The youth are not given the opportunity
or encouragement in the community, because they are lacking assistance
technically and financially. There are some individuals that are not aware of
youth organization, neither they know their vital roles, this hinder the
contributions of the development of Kukawa Local Government Area. And also, the
youth are not educated enough to be able to organize a forum of discussion.
Youth organization the highly accepted by the community, this is because of the
benefits that they realized, the community have the feelings that of
encouragement is not given to the youth organization the level of development
of any community will be low thus, youths are the back bone of a given
community. Members of the community learned that youth organization encourage
leisitors to different environment, developed national cohesion and discussion,
a forum-for discussion on local matters is provided by them and assert in
reviewing some cultural matters.
The objective of
this study is to examine the contribution of youth organization in rural and community
development with the following objectives;
i. To
determine the extent of the awareness of youth organization in community
development
ii. To know
the factors militating against the progress of youth organization in community
development.
iii. To
determine the level of participation of youths in community development project
iv. To
proffer solutions to factors affecting the progress of youth organization in
community development.
i.
To what extent has youth organization been
recognized in community development?
ii.
What are the factors militating against the
progress of youth organization in community development?
iii.
What is the level of participation of youths in
community development project?
iv.
What are the roles played by youth organization in community
development?
v.
What are the possible solutions to the factors
hindering the progress of youth organization in community development?
In this kind of study, there are bound to be
argument for and against as to the qualification of youth’s participation in
community development activities. To avoid being biased, hypotheses became
necessary to be designed, tested and to serve as guidelines.
The hypotheses to be tested in
this study are as follows:
1. That
youth’s organization efforts in community development project are appreciated
by other members of the community.
2. That
there is increasing rate of youth organization involvement in community
development projects in Kukawa Local Government Area.
1.6 Significance of the
Study
The significance of the study is to
bring about the development of Kukawa Local Government Area through effective
participation of the youth organization plays a vital role and contributed in
immensely towards effective development of the society. The promoted discipline
self-salient and literacy and also help the younger generation to become good
citizens of the society. The study will useful to policy matters, social
worker, and more especially made promoter, youth and national development,
the study is important because it serves as a guide to the organization a how
to develop their areas economically. Thus, improve the social wellbeing of the
community member as a whole.
1.7 Scope of the Study
For the purpose of proper
understanding, this study shall have its main focus on the rural areas (communities)
within the shores of Kukawa Local Government Area of Borno State. However, the
adequate financial report for the youth the area, is limited also the attitude
of government has affect the effectiveness of the youth organization, therefore
the study was limited to two (2) areas in Kaduna North Local Government Area.
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