ABSTRACT
This study assessed the assessment
of waste management and environmental sanitation practices in
Dutse Ultra-Modern Market, Jigawa State. The study examined the types and
sources of waste generated, evaluated the existing methods of waste disposal,
and assessed the level of environmental awareness among traders. A descriptive
survey design was used, and data were collected from 120 respondents through
structured questionnaires and interviews.
Findings revealed that the
major waste types were food remnants, plastic materials, and paper. Waste
disposal was mainly through open dumping and burning, while waste collection by
the Jigawa State Environmental Protection Agency (JISEPA) was irregular.
Although most respondents were aware of the importance of sanitation,
participation in maintaining a clean environment was low.
The study concluded that waste
management in Dutse Ultra-Modern Market was inadequate due to poor infrastructure,
weak enforcement of sanitation laws, and low public participation. It
recommended the provision of adequate waste bins, regular waste evacuation,
stricter law enforcement, continuous public enlightenment, and active
collaboration between traders and environmental authorities to ensure
sustainable waste management in the market.
Keywords: Waste Management, Environmental Sanitation, Dutse
Ultra-Modern Market, Public Health, Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminary
Pages
Title Page
.............................................................................................................................
i
Declaration
.........................................................................................................................
ii
Certification .......................................................................................................................
iii
Approval Page
...................................................................................................................
iv
Dedication
.........................................................................................................................
v
Acknowledgements
..........................................................................................................
vi
Abstract
.............................................................................................................................
vii
Table of Contents
..............................................................................................................
viii
List of Tables
.....................................................................................................................
ix
List of Figures
....................................................................................................................
x
List of
Abbreviations
.........................................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of
the Study .............................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the Problem
.............................................................................................5
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study .............................................................................................7
1.3.1 General
Objective…………………………………………………………………………..8
1.3.2 Specific
Objectives-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
1.4 Research
Questions
......................................................................................................8
1.5 Significance of the Study
.............................................................................................9
1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
..........................................................................10
1.7 Operational Definition of Terms
............................................................................................11
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
..................................................................................................................
12
2.2 Concept of Waste and Waste Management
............................................................... 13
2.3 Types and Sources of Waste in Market Areas
........................................................... 15
2.4 Methods of Waste Collection, Transportation, and Disposal
.................................... 18
2.5 Environmental Sanitation Practices in Market Settings
............................................ 20
2.6 Factors Affecting Waste Management and Sanitation
.............................................. 23
2.7 Health and Environmental Implications of Poor Waste Management ......................
25
2.8 Role of Government and Market Management in Waste Control
............................. 27
2.9 Review of Related Empirical Studies
.......................................................................... 29
2.10 Summary of Literature Review
..................................................................................
32
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
..................................................................................................................
33
3.2 Research Design
..........................................................................................................
34
3.3 Study Area (Dutse Ultra Modern Market)
................................................................. 35
3.4 Population of the Study
...............................................................................................
37
3.5 Sample Size and Sampling Technique
........................................................................ 38
3.6 Instrument for Data Collection
...................................................................................
40
3.7 Validity and Reliability of Instrument
....................................................................... 41
3.8 Method of Data Collection .........................................................................................
42
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
............................................................................................
43
3.10 Ethical Considerations ...............................................................................................
44
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Introduction
..................................................................................................................
45
4.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
................................................. 46
4.3 Assessment of Waste Management Practices in the Market
..................................... 48
4.4 Assessment of Environmental Sanitation Practices
................................................... 50
4.5 Challenges Affecting Waste Management and Sanitation
......................................... 53
4.6 Discussion of Findings ................................................................................................
55
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction
..................................................................................................................
59
5.2 Summary of Major Findings
.......................................................................................
60
5.3 Conclusion
....................................................................................................................
62
5.4 Recommendations
........................................................................................................
63
5.5 Suggestions for Further Study
.....................................................................................
65
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................
66
APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................
68
Appendix I: Questionnaire
..............................................................................................
68
Appendix II: Photographs of the
Study Area (if any) .................................................... 70
Appendix III: Ethical Approval
Letter
............................................................................ 71
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
Environmental
sanitation and waste management are fundamental components of public health,
urban planning, and sustainable development. Proper waste management ensures a
clean, safe, and healthy environment that promotes human well-being and
prevents the spread of diseases. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO, 2018), effective waste management encompasses the
collection, transportation, treatment, recycling, and safe disposal of all
forms of waste in a manner that protects both human health and the environment.
Waste generation
has increased significantly due to urbanization, industrialization, and changes
in consumption patterns. United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP, 2020) estimated that over 2 billion tons of solid waste
are generated globally every year, with more than 33% of it not properly
managed, especially in developing nations. This poor handling often leads to
environmental degradation, blocked drainage systems, foul odors, and outbreaks
of communicable diseases such as cholera and typhoid.
Markets, as
centers of economic and social activity, are key contributors to urban waste.
In Nigeria, open markets such as the Dutse Ultra Modern Market are
major sources of organic and inorganic waste, including food remnants,
plastics, packaging materials, and metallic waste. Poor management of such
waste creates health hazards and diminishes the aesthetic quality of the
environment. Adewumi and Ajibade (2019) observed
that market wastes are often indiscriminately dumped in open spaces and water
channels, leading to flooding and contamination of water sources.
Environmental
sanitation is another critical aspect of public health, involving measures for
maintaining hygiene through waste disposal, drainage maintenance, pest control,
and water supply management (Onibokun and Kumuyi, 2019).
Proper sanitation in public places like markets minimizes exposure to pathogens
and promotes community health.
In Dutse, the
capital of Jigawa State, the rapid growth of commercial activities at the Ultra
Modern Market has intensified waste generation beyond the capacity of existing
management systems. This has resulted in heaps of uncollected refuse, blocked
drains, and unsanitary surroundings. Sulaiman et al. (2022) highlighted
that inadequate facilities, irregular waste collection, and lack of public
awareness are major obstacles to effective sanitation in northern Nigerian
markets.
Therefore, this
study seeks to assess the current practices, challenges, and effectiveness of
waste management and environmental sanitation in the Dutse Ultra Modern Market,
with the goal of recommending sustainable solutions for a cleaner environment.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
Markets serve as
major hubs for trade, food distribution, and economic interaction. However, the
volume of waste produced daily in such environments is alarming. In Dutse Ultra
Modern Market, the increasing number of traders and customers has led to a
proportional increase in waste generation without a corresponding improvement
in waste management systems.
Observations
indicate that waste bins are insufficient, waste collection is irregular, and
many traders indiscriminately dispose of waste around stalls and drainages.
These unsanitary conditions create breeding grounds for flies, rodents, and
mosquitoes, which are vectors of diseases such as typhoid, malaria, and
diarrhea (Abubakar and Musa, 2021).
Despite the
presence of local government waste management units, inefficiency, lack of
funding, inadequate personnel, and poor enforcement of sanitation laws have
limited their effectiveness (Eze and Okafor, 2020).
Consequently, Dutse Ultra Modern Market faces a persistent environmental
challenge that not only affects public health but also reduces the quality of
the market environment.
This research is
therefore designed to investigate the waste management practices in the market,
evaluate the sanitation conditions, and identify factors affecting the
efficiency of these systems.
1.3
Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.3.1 Aim
To assess waste
management and environmental sanitation practices in Dutse Ultra Modern Market,
Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives
i.
To identify the
types and sources of waste generated in Dutse Ultra Modern Market.
ii.
To examine the
methods used for waste collection, transportation, and disposal in dutse ultra
modem market.
iii.
To assess the level
of environmental sanitation practices among traders and waste handlers in Dutse
Ultra-Modern Market.
iv.
To determine the
challenges facing effective waste management in the Dutse Ultra-Modern market.
1.4
Research Questions
i.
What types and
sources of waste are generated in Dutse Ultra Modern Market?
ii.
How is waste
collected, transported, and disposed in Dutse Ultra-Modern market?
iii.
What is the level of
environmental sanitation practice among in Dutse Ultra modern Market market
users?
iv.
What challenges
affect effective waste management in the market?
v.
What measures can be
implemented to improve waste management and sanitation?
1.5
Significance of the Study
The study is
significant because it contributes to understanding the current state of waste
management and sanitation in Dutse Ultra Modern Market. The findings will
provide valuable insights to policymakers, local government authorities, and
market management committees on how to improve sanitation infrastructure and
practices.
According
to Nwachukwu et
al. (2018), effective waste management enhances public
health, promotes economic productivity, and ensures environmental
sustainability. The study will also serve as a reference for future researchers
and students in the field of Public Health Technology. Furthermore, it will
help raise awareness among market users on the importance of personal and
environmental hygiene in preventing disease outbreaks.
1.6 Scope
and Delimitation of the Study
This research
focuses specifically on Dutse Ultra Modern Market,
located in Dutse Local Government Area of Jigawa State. The study assessed the types of waste generated, the
existing waste management practices, sanitation conditions, and the challenges
hindering proper waste management.
The study is
limited to market traders, waste handlers, and officials involved in sanitation
activities. It does not cover waste management in other markets within Dutse or
other Local Government Areas.
1.7
Operational Definition of Terms
Waste: Unwanted or unusable materials resulting from human
activity (WHO, 2018).
Waste
Management: The process of
collecting, transporting, processing, recycling, and disposing of waste
materials (UNEP, 2020).
Environmental
Sanitation: Measures designed
to maintain cleanliness, control environmental factors, and promote public
health (Onibokun & Kumuyi, 2019).
Market: A designated public area where goods and services
are exchanged.
Solid
Waste: Non-liquid waste
materials such as plastics, metals, and food remnants.
Public
Health: The science of
preventing disease and promoting the health of populations (CDC, 2021).
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