AN ASSESSMENT OF CAPITAL BUDGETING TECHNIQUES AS A TOOLS FOR LONG TERM INVESTMENT DECISION. (A CASE STUDY OF THREE BROTHERS RICE MILLS PLC)

ABSTRACT

Investment appraisal techniques which is particularly known as capital budgeling is one of the four main managerial decisions and also forms a crucial part of the management functions. It is invariably a top management exercise due to its long-term nature it involves capital expenditure decision making. In this research project, the research design adopt for the study is descriptive research design,this is due to the fact that data for the study is primary in nature and would be collected through the administration of questionnaire. The sampling technique that was adopted for the purpose of this research work is simple random sampling.

Furthermore, the data has been analyzed using a simple percentage,and the result was interpreted based on Chi-square technique to test each of the three hypotheses of this research

work in order to analyze the difference among the independent means. The major finding of the research work shows that Companies should ensure that the financial manager or management accountant evaluate the fixed asset proposed to invest in and report to the top management.In conclusion,Companies should ensure that the financial manager or management accountant evaluate the fixed asset proposed to invest in and reportto the top management. All factors and steps necessary for capital budgeting must strictly adhered to,so also the process of capital expenditure decisions. Risk analysis in capital budgeting decisions should also be applied to the relevant proposed asset decided to invest upon.

                                                               TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page..........................................................................................................................................i

Approval page.................................................................................................................................ii

Declaration.....................................................................................................................................iii

Dedication.......................................................................................................................................iv

Acknowledgement.........................................................................................................................v

Abstract..........................................................................................................................................vi

Table of content..............................................................................................................................vii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTIONS

1.I Background of the study..............................................................................................................1

1.2 Statement of the problem............................................................................................................1

1.3 Objectives of the study................................................................................................................2

1.4 Research question.......................................................................................................................2

1.5 Significance of the study.............................................................................................................3

1.6 Scope of the study.......................................................................................................................3

1.7 Limitation of the study..................................................................................................... .........3

1.8 Definition of the key terms........................................................................................................4

1.9 Historical background of three brothers rice mills plc..............................................................6

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction...............................................................................................................................8

2.1 Conceptual framework.............................................................................................................8

2.2 Features of capital budgeting....................................................................................................8

2.3 Objective of capital budgeting................................................................................................10

2.4 Capital budgeting process......................................................................................................11

2.5 Capital budgeting Decision...................................................................................................11

2.6 Significance of capital budgeting...........................................................................................14

2.7. Why is capital budgeting important.......................................................................................15

2.8 Theoretical frame work...........................................................................................................16

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction............................................................................................................................20

3.1 Research design.......................................................................................................................20

3.2 Population of sample size.......................................................................................................20

3.3 Sampling techniques................................................................................................................21

3.4 Data collection.........................................................................................................................21

3.5 Method of data analysis..........................................................................................................22

                                                                   CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.0 Introduction..............................................................................................................................28

4.1 Data presentation.....................................................................................................................28                                              

                                                                      CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary...............................................................................................................................44

5.2 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................44

5.3 Recommendation....................................................................................................................44

Reference

Appendix/Questionnaire

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Investment appraisal techniques which is particularly known as capital budgeting is one of the four main managerial decisions and also forms a crucial part of the management functions. It is invariably a top management exercise due to its long-term nature it involves capital expenditure decision making.

Decision to invest will be based on the three main factors which involve Investors belief about the future, Alternatives available in which to invest and Investor attitudes toward risk.

After considering the above factors, numerous investment appraisal techniques are available to assist the top management in evaluating, analyzing, and selecting viable investment projects. But it has to be noted that the decision rule on the project(s) evaluated depends on whether the projects are mutually exclusive, independent and/or dependent projects. The techniques of evaluating investment/capital budgeting to be discussed in this research work are;

Traditional techniques or non-discounting cash flow criteria; Pay Back Period (PBP) and Accounting or Average rate of return (ARR), Modern techniques or discounted cash-flow criteria, under this are; Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR) and Risk analysis in capital budgeting

All the above three techniques have common characteristics of computing the return expected and the investment require.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Most of the Nigeria economic sectors like companies, industries, government corporations and private individual find it difficult to evaluate and analyze project whose returns are expected to extend below one year. Also they do not consider certain important factors during investment decisions and the pervasive nature of most capital project affects almost all other units every economic sector (business organization), Faruq Haruna(2013).

That is why most of the long investment made nowadays in Nigeria is not viable. All time the contribute the major factors of the most business failure due to the fact that the success or failure of firms depends on the investment decision.

The above problems and other relevant factors necessitate the conduct of this research work so as to solve or reduce the problems associated with three brothers rice mills plc.

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study involved:

I.  To examine whether investment appraisal techniques can be very important tools for investment decision.

II. Whether to recommends to management of three brothers rice Mills for applying investment appraisal techniques in evaluating their capital investment.

III. To see whether any higher return on investment by the company depend on proper investment decision taken by the company.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

For the purpose of this research, the following research questions has been postulated based on quantitative analysis;

I. Is investment appraisal techniques very effective tools for long term investment decision in three brother’s rice mills?

II.  Should the management of the company apply investment appraisal techniques in evaluating capital investments?

III. Does the higher return by the company depend on proper investment decision made by the company?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This project will be significance to managers and investor for investment decision and can be serve as an area of reference for the future research that may wish to study an assessment of capital budgeting as effective tools for long term investment decision in other domain.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this research study is restricted to three brothers rice mills together with individual who are ready to commit funds in assets whose returns can be extended beyond one year.

1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research work like any other research of its kind is not entirely free from limitations, the limitations include not limited to reluctance of the company's officers to release document due to official secrecy, the information available to the researcher was only limited to those in the document and the account of the company, important record considered by the organization for internal use were not disclosed to the researcher for fear of being leaked to competitors.

It also limited to consumer goods firm (three Brother rice Mills) does not consider other sectors such as financial institution and manufacturing in Nigeria.

Time factor also limited to this research consequently this become difficult for the researcher to carry out detailed financial analysis.

1.8 DEFINITION OF THE KEY TERMS;

Accounting rate of returns / Average rate of returns (ARR): Is the average profit from an investment before or after expressed as a percentage of the average investment.

Business Risk: This is the possibility of suffering of damage or inherent uncertainties in physical operation of a firm.

Capital Expenditure: These are expenditure of fixed asset i.e. goods that have a long life.

Cash Flow: This refers to the flow of cash in and out of the business or the pattern of cash receipts and payments.

Coefficient of Variance (CV): The ratio of standard deviation of the distribution to the mean of that distribution. It is a measure of relative risk.

Cost of Capital: It is the rate of return that must be earned in order to satisfy the combined required rate of return of the company's investors. It is also used to discount the capital expenditure/investment.

Discounted cash flow: a techniques use to calculate the present value of a sequence of future cash flows in order to determine the most profitable investment from the several alternatives.

Expected value: an average computed by multiplying each value of random variation by its probability of occurrence.

Internal rate of rate: this is the discount rate of a project that yield a zero NPV. The decision rule is to accept the project if IRR, is greater than IRR, otherwise the project is rejected.

Interpolate: this is otherwise called extrapolate; it is the estimation of an unknown number that lies same where between two known numbers.

Investment appraisal: these are numbers of techniques for assessing investment in new projects. It is examined to see if the return on the investment is satisfactory as compared with alternative projects.

Net present value (NPV): this is the present value of the cash flow minus the present value of the cash outflow.

Pay Back Period (PBP): this the period of the time required for the cumulative expected cash: flows from an-investment project to equal the ignition cash outflow.

Present value: discounted value of the future cash flows;

Profitability Index (PI): The ratio of the net present value of a project future net cash flow to the project initial cash outflows. But some authors take gross present value as illustrated, Tijjani (2005).

Standard Deviation (SD): This is the statistical measure of variability of distribution around its mean. It is the square root of the variance.

Required Rate of Return (RRR): This is the minimum rate of return that the project must yield to justify its acceptance.

Variance: This is a measure of dispersion of random variable equals the expected value of the squared deviation from the mean.

1.9 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Brothers Rice Mill: ventures in processing and manufacturing of rice. The Company is situated in Jigawa state.

The three brothers are component of milling rice since before 1992 at that time are called Atafi rice mile pending we used the statuary allowed to all local government under Hadejia council the company that consumption the statuary allowance to pay employers to pay laborer.

2010 is acquired by Alhaji Lawan a. a so that around 2010 the give the name three brother rice mill for company it start production in 2015 till date.

WE HAVE DIFFERENT TYPE OF SECTOR

1. Security unit
2. Weight bread and scalloping unit

ADMISSION BLOCK

1. Purchased
2. Marketing
3. Sales
4. Accounting

RAW MATERIAL WHERE HOUSING

Is a store where paddy rice are cage.

FACTORY RESITE

1. Pre clearing resection
2. Par boiling resection

MILLING SECTION

1. Indian technology system

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