ABSTRACT
Feul is a major factor among many others influencing transport cost and transport rate in Nigeria. This aim of this study to examine the effect of price hike in Hussaini Adamu Federal polytechnic Kazaure. The study made of sample random sampling and responses were delivered from the staffs of the company using questionnaires. Findings from the study reveals that increase in fuel price affect student attendance and profitability of transport. The study recommend above all things that government should ensure they bring back the fuel subsidy policy and more so transportation companies should seek for more strategies that would helf them remain in business in the face of low patronage from passengers and student during fuel increment, Implement financial aid programs or subsidies specifically aimed at supporting students with transportation expenses. This could involve collaboration between educational institutions, government agencies, and private organizations to ensure that students have affordable and reliable means of commuting to and from school.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page - - - - - - - - - - -
i
Approval page - - - - - - - - - -ii
Declaration - - - - - - - - - - -iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - -iv
Acknowledgments - - - - - - - - -v
Table of contents - - - - - -- - - - -vi
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - -vii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - -1
1.1 Background of the study area - - - - - -- -2
1.2 Historical background of the study area.- - - - - - -3
1.3
Statement of the problem - - - - - - - -4
1.4
Objective of the study - - - - - - - -5
1.5
Research Questions - - - - - - - - -5
1.6
Research hypotheses - - - - - - - - -6
1.7
Significance of the study - - - - - - - -6
1.8
Scope and limitations of the study - - - - - - -7
1.9
Definition of terms - - - - - - - - -7
1.10 Plan of
the study- - - - - - - - - -8
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review - - - - - - - - -9
2.1 Fuel subsidy - - - - - - - - - - -11
2.2.
Historical
overview of fuel subsidy removal in Nigeria - - - -13
2.3 Transportation
- - - - - - - - - -14
2.4 Transport costs and transport rates - - - - - - -16
2.5 Impacts of fuel subsidy
on the factors affecting transport costs and transport rates - - - - - - - - - - - -- -17
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0
Introduction - - - - - - - - - -22
3.1 Research design - - - - - - - - -22
3.2 Population of the study - - - - - - - -22
3.3 Population sampling - - - - - - - - -22
3.4 Method of data collection - - - - - - - -23
3.5 Method of data analysis - - - - - - - -23
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND
DISCUSSION
4.1 Data Analysis - - - - - - - - -24
4.2 Discussions - - - - - - - - - -26
CHAPTE FIVE
SUMMARY,
CONCLUTION AND RECOMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - - -28
5.1 Summary of the Study - - - - - - - -28
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - -28
5.3 Recommendation
- - - - - - - - - -29
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Price fluctuation in the market for
fuel has a constantly evolving effect on the logistics industry. Rapid
increases in the price for fuel can have a delayed and devastating effect on
freight management companies, and a sudden fall could result in short-term
boosts in profit and a surge of competition within the market to provide consumers
with the lowest price.
One of the major components of
globalization is the transportation sector, which plays a very significant role
in daily activities and the economy. During the 20th century, trade scale
changed from local to global and therefore freight transport system became a
global network. In particular, freight transportation is one of the most
important economic activities. Freight transport has been growing even more
rapidly than passenger transport and is expected to continue to do so in the
future (Ribeiro et al, 2007). Truck, train, and ship are the three common
transport vehicles being used for movement of containers, which are
characterized by a number of advantages and disadvantages.
The cost of transportation is an
important selection criterion among influential parameters on identifying the
appropriate mode of transportation mode for freight shipment. The main
challenge of today’s transport costs is oil price. Freight movement in most
modes remains largely dependent on expensive and finite fossil fuels,
predominantly diesel fuel (Russell et al, 2014).
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY AREA
Fuel price is one of the most
important factors effecting transport cost, which comprises more than 50
percent of the total operating cost for the transportation industry nowaday's
(Ribeiro etal 2007).
Since the sensitivily of transport
operation cost to the oil price change varies significantly across shipment
modes, the oil price has become an important factor in freight mode choice
(casamassima etal noordin etal 2009).
Revealed that the sensitivity of fuel
costs of road mode and railways, crude oil price was 50% while maritime was
100% since maritime fuel are expected from government taxation. Therefore: most
single factor affecting the rail price of Diesel fuel is the price of crude oil
(noordin etal 2009).
Crude oil as an energy source is a
vital component that determine the condition of the world economy (masweeney
etal 2008).
It's price fluctuation impact on all
industrial sector whether directly or indirectly. Be it in banking, energy,
retailing or transportation industries. The impact of oil price on transport
sector depends upon three issue, which are the relevant of the oil price on the
cost of the energy used for each transport mode, to what extent oil price is
transferred to transport fuel price and the relations weight of the energy cost
on total operation cost for each model (casamassima etal 2009).
Fuel price are cost of transportation
industries and a direct cost to consumers.
For my own view, they estimated the
influence of doubling of crude oil price on transport cost of road and rail
freight was 10% while for maritime was 50%. As the cost of fuel rises, carries
are forced to raised price to take losses . In turn the cost of fuel does not
only effect the logistics company but also the shipper and profit source of the
shipper as well. It is an outward domino effect, if it cost more for the
freight carriers to transport the freight, the shipper is going it be charged
more to make up for this if the shipper is going to be charged more to
transport the freight, the receiver is going to be charged more to make up for
their added cost.
1.2 HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA.
Hussaini Adamu federal polytechnic
kazaure is located along Kano-Daura In kazaure local government area of jigawa
State, it is 1.5km away from the town center. The division police headquarter
is an important man made feature adjoining the site which is located beside the
polytechnic. The campus land mass is 123.9hacter. the coordinates of the side
are latitudes (N20 37' 09' and 8° 26' 59E). It remains the only federal
polytechnic around Jigawa Kano and Katsina State till the moment which
strengthen it's centrifugal factor of attracted student from far and near. Morethan
50% of population of student stay in halls of residence location in the main
campus while the campus extension is presently an academic area for the school
of administration and management studies, school of agriculture and social of
environment studies (ses) that has just being completed.
HAFED Poly kazaure the polytechnic come
into being in December 1991, the year Jigawa State was created by the federal
government to provide opportunities from education advancement of it's
citizens. The polytechnic was named jigawa State polytechnic edict NO.
1st December, 1991 with four colleges
sperated across the state (college of engineering and technology and the
central administration at kazaure, college of business and management studies
at Dutse, college of Islamic studies and legal studies at Ringim and college of
agriculture at Hadejia.
Hajiya rabi was the pioneer rector of
the polytechnic who served from January 1992 to February 1994. She was
succeeded by Alhaji Muhammad Abubakar who served from April 1994 to November
1999. It was during his tenuer that the polytechnic was renamed Hussaini Adamu
federal polytechnic in order to immortalize the late Emir of kazaure.
Muhammad Abubakar was succeeded by Dr Mas'ud Adamu kazaure who served
from December 1999 to October 2010. It was during his tenuer in January 2007
the federal government took over the polytechnic, hence the name Hussaini Adamu
Federal polytechnic, the institution held it's first convocation ceremony,
giving out certificate and notional diploma to 6,024 student who had graduated
between 1992 and 2008.
Dr.Mas'ud
Adamu kazaure was succeeded by Abdullahi maikudi Nuhu who served in acting
capacity from 27th October, 2010 to 27th July, 2011. Dr. Kabiru Ibrahim matazu,
MNI, was appointed as the rector after Abdullahi maikudi Nuhu by president of
the federal republic of Nigeria Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonothan from 23rd December,
2011 to 22nd December, 2015. Mrs Gaji Bello Hussaini served as acting rector
from 23rd December, 2015 to 27th
November, 2016 . The incumbent rector of the polytechnic is Dr. Sabo Wada
Dutse, he was appointed by the president and commander in chief of armed forces
federal republic of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, GCFR with effect from 4th
November, 2021 to date.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The impact of removing fuel subsidy
in the short-run is increase in transportation cost and transportation rate
which directly and indirectly affect the cost of physical distribution,
material handling, marketing, logistics and overall production. In the
middle-run, the citizenry struggles to adjust for the market competition to
surface and in the long-run, market competition is expected to fall the price
of fuel. But it is quite obvious that fuel subsidy was totally removed in the
current administration without provision of efficient infrastructures and other
forms of energy which can all serve as close substitutes to fuel and make life
comfortable. The government thought that sudden removal of fuel subsidy is the
way out for a better Nigeria but the negative effect of fuel subsidy removal is
highly severe on the citizens.
Hence, this study seeks to
investigate the effect of fuel price hike it effect on commercial transport as
it affect student attendance in Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic Kazaure or
across the nation Universities and institutions.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to
investigate the effect of increase in fuel price it effect on commercial
transport as it affect student attendance in Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic
Kazaure. The study specifically aimed to:
1. To examine the effect of increase in
fuel price on student of Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic Kazaure.
2. To investigate/analysis the effect of
increase in fuel price on commercial transport.
3. To determine the effect of increase
in fuel price and the impact of removing fuel subsidy as it affect student
attendance in Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic Kazaure.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What is the effect of increase in
fuel price on student of Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic Kazaure?
2. What is the effect of increase in
fuel price on commercial transport?
3. What is the effect of increase in
fuel price as it affect student attendance in Hussaini Adamu Federal
Polytechnic Kazaure?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
H0: Increase in fuel price
affect student of Hussaini Adamu Federal
Polytechnic Kazaure the increase affect the student going to school some do not
get the money to go school on time , some went out and find the money before
they go.
H1: Increase in fuel price make
student go to school on their foot because they don't have money to pay for car
or taxi.
H2: Increase in fuel price has made
many student at Hussaini Adamu federal polytechnic kazaure unable to attend
lectures due to the lack of car money and no one will pick them without giving
him money.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will enable the government
of Nigeria to see the need to put measures in place to subsidize fuel in the
country and avoid unnecessary hiking of the fuel price. This study will also
help transport companies and some higher institutions to draft a good strategy
and mechanism to always curb the fuel hike issues in the nearest future. This
study will further serve as an eye-opener to the general public to know that
whenever there is a fuel hike in the country, transportation tends to be
expensive. This study will also serve as a reference piece for future research
on this or related domain.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE
STUDY
Scope: This study will focus on investigating
or analyzed the effect of increase in
fuel price it effect on commercial transport as it affect student attendance in
Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic Kazaure. This study will be delimited to
only the student of Hussaini Adamu federal polytechnic kazaure.
Limitations: Finance, availability of time and
relevant materials were the major constraints that the researcher encountered
while carrying out this study.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Analysis: A detailed
examination or investigation of a subject to understand its nature, structure,
or underlying principles. In the context of your statement, it suggests a
thorough examination of the relationship between fuel price increases,
commercial transport, and student attendance.
On the Increase Fuel Price: Refers to
the rising costs of fuel, specifically in the context of this analysis. It
implies a focus on understanding the consequences and implications of higher
fuel prices.
Effect on Commercial
Transport: The impact or influence that the increased fuel prices have on the
commercial transport sector. This could include changes in operational costs,
efficiency, and overall functioning of transportation services.
Affects Student
Attendance: This part of the statement indicates that the
analysis will explore how the changes in fuel prices and commercial transport
directly influence or affect student attendance. This may involve looking at
factors such as transportation availability, costs, and accessibility for
students.
1.9 PLAN OF THE STUDY.
The researcher adopts a discriptive
approach, which enables the researcher to gather analysis and interpret the set
of data, which were used for explanation of underlying factor that surround the
need of this research work. Survey approach was used becouse it helped the
researcher in the collection of data using questionnaire which involves mainly
the fieldwork of this study.
This research work is organized in five chapter.
Chapter one concern with the
introduction which consists background of the study, statement of the problems,
historical background, objectives of the study, significance of the study,
research hypothesis, scope and limitations, Definition of the terms then the
plan of the study.
Chapter two highlight the theoretical
framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature.
Chapter three deals on the research
design methodology adopted in the study.
Chapter four concentrate on the data
collection and analysis and presentation of finding
Chapter five consist of summary,
conclusion and recommendation made of the study.
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