Management of solid waste all over the world is one of the first important priorities to the protection of community health as well as the environment. The increasing difficulty in managing wastes in Nigeria has become one of the most intractable environmental issues. The cardinal objectives of the study is to examine the means of solid waste collection and place of disposal and to assess the sources of solid waste in the study area and to also propose a sustainable solid waste management strategy. Both primary and secondary sources of data collection were adopted. The procedures adopted for data collection were reconnaissance survey, questionnaire, key informant interview and photography. The data were analyzed using analytical method involving frequency and percentages. (50) Questionnaires were administered to obtain information about solid waste management, collection, disposal information in the area. Interview revealed that about 450 tons of municipal waste per day is generated considering all sources. The questionnaires revealed that: The methods of solid waste disposal were open dumps (36%), burning (30%), and dump fill (34%). It also discovered that collection of waste generated suffers problem of unavailability of vehicles to transport the waste and non-cooperation from the residents make collection a serious problem thus leading to dumping of refuse on roads, uncompleted burnings and drainages. It was recommended should among other things that government should provide basic facilities; equipment and put someone in place to monitor the facilities and increase public awareness against the danger of indiscriminate dumping of wastes as the affect human health. Moreover, appropriate strategy put in place to encourage partnership with the private individuals and corporations with a bid to ensuring healthy environment.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Declaration……………………………………………………………………………. I
Certification…………………………………………………………………………... ii
Dedication…………………………………………………………………………….... iii
Acknowledgement………………………….………………………………………. iv
Abstract…………...…………………………………………………………………..... v
Table of Content………………………………………………………………….. vi
1.0
Chapter One……………………………………………………………………………..1
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………... 1
1.1background
Of The Tsudy……………………………………………………………......3
1.2
Statement Of The Research Problem…………………………………………………….3
1.3 Aim
Of The Study……………………………………………………. 3
1.4
Specific Objective……………………………………………………………………... 3
1.5
Research Questions………………………………………………………….................. 4
1.6
Justification…………………………………….…. 4
1.7 Significance Of The Study…………………………………………. 4
1.8
Scope And Limitation Of The Research…………………………………...….............. 4
1.9
Definition Of Terms……………………………………………………………………..4
Chapter
Two……………………………………………………………………………. 6
2.0
Review Of Related Literature…………………………………………………... 6
2.1Concept
of the Waste…………………………………………………………………….6
2.2
Source of Solid Waste Management……………………………………………………7
2.2.1
Municipal waste………………...,……………………………………………………..7
2.2.2
Agricultural waste………………………………………………….………................ 7
2.2.3
Industrial waste……………………………………………………………................ 7
2.2.4
Environmental Dumping…………………………………………………………....... 7
2.2.5
Green List…………………………………………….. 9
2.2.7
Amber List………………………………………………………………………… 9
2.2.8 Red
List……………………………………………………………………………….9
2.3
Ocean Dumping…………………………………………………………………. 9
2.3.1
Gray List……………………………………………………… 10
2.3.2BlackList……………………………………………………………………………....10
2.3.3
White List……………………………………………................................................. 10
2.4
Method…of solid Waste Disposal
Management……….………................................... 11
2.4.1
Compositing……………………………………….. .. 11
2.4.2
Incineration……………………………... .. 11
2.4.3
Sanitary Land fills………………………………………. 11
2.4.4
Open dumping…………………………………………………….............................. 12
2.4.5
Dumping at sea………………………... 12
2.5; Management of Solid Waste Disposal……………….. .. 12
2.5.1 Solid Waste
Storage........................................... .. 12
2.5.2 Solid Waste
Collection......................................... .. 13
2.5.3 Transportation of Solid Waste............................ .. 13
2.5.4 Solid Waste
Disposal......................................... .. 13
2.5.5 Waste
Recycling................................................ .. 13
2.6 Problem Associated with Management of Refu..... .. 14
2.7 Review of Existing Facilities ………………………………………………………… 14
2.8 Strategy for the solid waste management schame for dutse
metropolices ……………..15
2.9 cost of solid waste management ………………………………………………………. 19
Table
4.11 Way to improve on solid waste management…............………………………34
Table
4.12Amount of waste generated.................................……………………………...35
Table
4.13 Environmental impact of indiscriminate dumping of waste …………………..36
Table
4.14 Diseases.. Associated with Indiscriminate Waste Disposal…………………..37
Table
4.15 Waste Collection Agency Option…………………………………………… 38
Table
4.16 Possible
Remedy..............................................................................…………..39
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ……………………… 42
5.1 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………. 42
5.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………….............. 42
5.3 Recommendation………………………………………………………………………...43
REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………………… 44
QUESTIONNAIRES.………........................................................................................... 45
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
Waste management (or waste disposal) includes the
processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final
disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of
waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management. (Raju,
2021) Waste can be solid, liquid, or gaseous and each type has different
methods of disposal and management. Waste management deals with all types of
waste, including industrial, biological, household, municipal, organic,
biomedical, radioactive wastes. In some cases, waste can pose a threat to human
health. According to world Bank (2020) Health issues are associated throughout
the entire process of waste management. Health issues can also arise indirectly
or directly. Directly, through the handling of solid waste, and indirectly
through the consumption of water, soil and food. Waste is produced by human
activity, for example, the extraction and processing of raw materials Waste
management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on human health, the
environment, planetary resources and aesthetics. Waste management practices are
not uniform among countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban
and rural areas), and residential and industrial sectors can all take different
approaches
According to the (Raleigh 2011), Proper management of
waste is important for building sustainable and liveable cities, but it remains
a challenge for many developing countries and cities. A report found that
effective waste management is relatively expensive, usually comprising 20%–50%
of municipal budgets. Operating this essential municipal service requires
integrated systems that are efficient, sustainable, and socially supported. A
large portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste
(MSW) which is the bulk of the waste that is created by household, industrial,
and commercial activity. Measures of waste management include measures for
integrated techno-economic mechanisms of a circular economy, effective disposal
facilities, export and import control and optimal sustainable design of
products that are produced.
According to Davidson Gary (2011)Waste can be solid,
liquid, or gaseous and each type has different methods of disposal and
management. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including
industrial, biological, household, municipal, organic, biomedical, radioactive
wastes. In some cases, waste can pose a threat to human health. Health issues
are associated throughout the entire process of waste management. Health issues
can also arise indirectly or directly. Directly, through the handling of solid
waste, and indirectly through the consumption of water, soil and food. Waste is
produced by human activity, for example,
the extraction and processing of raw materials. Waste management is intended to
reduce adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment, planetary
resources and aesthetics.( Davidson Gary 2011)
Proper management of waste is important for building
sustainable and liveable cities, but it remains a challenge for many developing
countries and cities. A report found that effective waste management is
relatively expensive, usually comprising 20%–50% of municipal budgets.
Operating this essential municipal service requires integrated systems that are
efficient, sustainable, and socially supported. According to Giusti
(2009), large portion of waste
management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is the bulk of
the waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial activity. Measures
of waste management include measures for integrated techno-economic mechanisms of
a circular economy, effective disposal facilities, export and import control and
optimal sustainable design of products that are produced. (Giusti (2009)
In the first systematic review of the scientific
evidence around global waste, its management and its impact on human health and
life, authors concluded that about a fourth of all the municipal solid
terrestrial waste is not collected and an additional fourth is mismanaged after
collection, often being burned in open and uncontrolled fires – or close to one
billion tons per year when combined. They also found that broad priority areas
each lack a "high-quality research base", partly due to the absence
of "substantial research funding", which motivated scientists often
require. Electronic waste (ewaste) includes discarded computer monitors,
motherboards, mobile phones and chargers, compact discs (CDs), headphones,
television sets, air conditioners and refrigerators. According to the Global
E-waste Monitor 2017, India generates ~ 2 million tonnes (Mte) of e-waste
annually and ranks fifth among the e-waste producing countries, after the US,
P.R. China, Japan and Germanyhat broad priority areas each lack a
"high-quality research base", partly due to the absence of
"substantial research funding", which motivated scientists often
require. According to Isan Giusti
Electronic waste (ewaste) includes discarded computer monitors,
motherboards, mobile phones and chargers, compact discs (CDs), headphones,
television sets, air conditioners and refrigerators 2017.
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem
Refuse disposal is one of the major environmental
problems that developing countries are faced with. Elegba (2006), Health hazard, traffic
congestion, unsightliness, unpleasantness and blockage of drainages are some of
the problems caused by the lack of efficient waste management practice in
Nigeria. The problem of waste management has two parts, that of collection and
that of disposal. Communal collection, block collection, door to door
collection and kerbside collection methods have been practiced by different
societies. A lot of problems are faced
in the collection process like climatic problems, public attitude, nature of
waste, and transport condition. Disposal methods such as dumping sites,
incineration, recycling, shipping and home garbage disposal units have been
used in different societies. There are newer advances in disposal methods, such
as pyrolysis, biodegradable containers and biodegradation. According to Editorial board (2014) these
have fewer functional problems but more feasibility problems such as initial
and maintenance costs.
1.3
Aim of the Study
The study aimed at assessment the effect of open
dumping of refuse to human health at Dutse metropolis
1.4 Specific
Objective
i) . To examine
the means of solid waste collection by household and place of disposal.
ii). To identify and assess the sources of solid waste
in Dutse metropolis areas.
iii). To propose a sustainable solid waste management
strategy.
1.5 Research Questions
(i) What is the level of awareness of the people about
open dumping at dutse metropolis.
(ii) What are the hazard associated with open dumping
of refuse to the society
(iii) Which waste disposal will be sperately and
affect the people health in the study area.
1.6
Justification
Open dumping of refuse is one of the serious problem
to human health in Nigeria. Because dumping of refuse at any how it can pollute
our air and encourage the breeding of flies, mosquitoes, and other Inspect in
our Environment.
1.7
Significance of the Study
The Research project will help government in planning
feature method of waste disposal in the city and it will also help the
community to understand the various method of collection, transportation, treatment
of solid waste disposal. Then it will also help government to recycling of
waste for economic development.
1.8
Scope and Limitation of the Research.
The study is designed specifically to determined the
impact of open dumping of refuse within Dutse
Metropolis only.
1.9
Definition of Terms
(i) Waste disposal is the collection,
processing, and recycling or deposition of the waste materials of human
society.
(ii) Refuse, or
municipal solid waste (MSW), is nonhazardous solid waste from a community
that requires collection and transport to a processing or disposal site.
(iii) An open
dumping is defined as a land disposal site at which solid wastes are
disposed of in a manner that does not protect the environment, are susceptible
to open burning, and are exposed to the elements, vectors, and scavengers.
(vi) World
Health Organization defines health as a state of “complete physical, mental
and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
(v) The environment
this can be defined as a sum total of all the living and non-living elements
and their effects which influence human life.
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