ABSTRACT
This study examined
the effect of developmentalization and commercialization policies of government
agency on the economy of Nigeria with specific reference to PHED Eket. Thus, developmentalization
is the transfer of government enterprise(s) to the private hands, for effective
management. Developmentalization and commercialization promote the transfer of
government establishment for rending of goods and services by private
individuals for effective and efficient running of the organization. this study
has seen developmentalization and commercialization as an interesting area of
study. Therefore, in investigating this study, the researcher adopted the use
of survey research method in obtaining accurate and vital information from the
respondents. The survey research method was actually used because it allows every
number an equal chance of being chosen for the study without been bias. The
population of the study consisted of 392, respondents found at the corporation
through the administration of questionnaire. While the sample size is 198 which
was gotten through the use of Yaro Yamani sampling technique Formular. The use
of both primary and secondary data was applied for the study. The primary data
was gotten through the use of questionnaire. while the secondary data was
obtained through the use of relevant textbooks, on the field under survey,
newspapers, magazine, internet as well as other periodicals. In making this
study more vital, series of literature review was adopted which help in making
the study more authentic as an academic study. The study also found out that developmentalization
and commercialization policy has restricted vast of corruptive tendency of
government personnel which caused the enterprises/ agencies more harm than good
before developmentalization and commercialization takes effect. The study
recommended that despite the fact that many government enterprises are
privatized that the government should not hesitate in supervising those
privatized enterprises making sure that they live up to the expectation. The
study also recommended that PHED Eket, should ensure that only competent and
honest workers are being used in the running of the activities of the
corporation.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CONTENTS PAGES
Cover page - - - - - - - - - i
Title page - - - - - - - - - - ii
Certification - - - - - - - - - iii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - iv
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vii
Table of contents- - - - - - - - - viii
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study - - - - - - 1
1.1.1 Port-Harcourt Electricity Distribution, Eket - - 4
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - 6
1.3 Objectives of the study - - - - - - 7
1.4 Research questions - - - - - - - 8
1.5 Significance of the study - - - - - - 9
1.6 Scope/Determination of the study - - - -- 10
1.7 Limitation of the study - - - - - - 10
1.8 Definitions of terms and acronyms - - - - 11
CHAPTER
TWO: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
2.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 13
2.1 Concept of developmentalization - - -- - 13
2.2 Evolution of developmentalization and
commercialization - 17
2.3 Method of developmentalization -- - - - 20
2.4 Developmentalization and commercialization in
Nigeria - 23
2.5 Objectives of Developmentalization and
Commercialization - 26
2.6 Concept of commercialization - - - - - 26
2.7 Schools of thought on developmentalization and
Commercialization -30
2.8 Developmentalization, economic growth and
development - 32
2.9 Benefits of developmentalization and
commercialization - 35
2.10 Demerits
of developmentalization and commercialization - 35
2.11 Way
forward to developmentalization and commercialization programmes in Nigeria - - - - - - - 36
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND PROCEDURES
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - 38
3.2 Area/Place of the study - - - - - - 38
3.3 Population of the study - - - - - - 39
3.4 Sample size and sampling techniques - - - - 39
3.5 Instrument
for data collection - - - - - 41
3.6 Description
of instrument - - - - - 41
3.7 Validation of the instrument - - - - - - 42
3.8
Method of data analysis - - - - - - 42
CHAPTER
FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSES OF DATA
4.0 Introduction - - - - - - - - 44
4.1 Data analysis and results - - - - - - 44
4.2 Test of hypothesis - - - - - - - 52
4.3 Discussion of findings - - - - - - 58
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction - - - -- - - - - 60
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - 60
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - 61
5.3 Recommendation - - - - - - - 62
References
Appendices
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Developmentalization,
a method of allocating assets and function from the public sector to the
private sector, appears to be a factor that could play a serious role in the
quest for growth. In recent history, developmentalization has been adopted by
many different political systems and spread to every region of the world.
The
process of developmentalization can be an effective way to bring about
fundamental structural change by formalizing and establishing property rights,
which directly create strong individual incentives. A free market economy
largely depends on well defined property rights in which people make individual
decision in their own interest. Modern market economics generate growth because
widespread, formal property rights permits massive, law-cost exchange, thus,
fostering specialization incentives that induce productivity, developmentalization
improve efficiency, provide fiscal relief, and encourage wide ownership and the
availability or credit for private sector.
The issue
of developmentalization has been a subject of intense global debate in recent
years. In Africa, it has remained highly controversial and politically risky,. Developmentalization
in Nigeria over some time has not been a popular reform. It ha received so mush
criticism from labour, academic and individuals. There have been numerous
strikes against proposed sell-offs by fearing loss of jobs, while proponents of
developmentalization see that aspects of economic reform as an instrument of an
efficient resource management for rapid economic development and poverty
reduction. The critics argue that developmentalization reflects damage on the
poor through loss of employment, reduction in income, and reduced access to
basic social services or increase in prices.
Commercialization
on the other hands has much influence on the economic growth and development of
any country. It is in practice because it deals on the reorganization of public
enterprises in much a way as to operate as profits making commercial ventures,
with subvention from government, through the government still retains its full
or parts ownership. It could also be whole or partial. Commercialized
enterprises use private sector procedure in the day-to-day administration of
business.
However,
when a public enterprise is commercialized, it reduces the burden of the
enterprise on government. The governments do not spend much resource on the
enterprise because the enterprise can stand on its own as profits oriented
ventures, which will in order way make returns to the government.
There
are many economic benefits that are connected to the process of pursues developmentalization
and commercialization. One of the main reasons why countries pursues developmentalization
an commercialization is in order to reduce the size of the existing government,
based on the idea that many governments have become too large and
over-extended, consisting or unnecessary layers of bureaucracy. Therefore, many
countries require restructuring in order to improve efficiency, which can be
achieved through developmentalization and commercialization.
The
private sector responds to incentives in the market, while the public sector
often has non-economic goals. In other words, the public sector is not highly
motivated to maximize production and allocated resources effectively, causing
the government to run high-cost, low -income enterprises.
Developmentalization
and commercialization directly shift the focus from political goals to economic
goals, which lead to development of the market economy (Poole, 2001). By
privatizing and commercialization, the role of the government in the government
in the economy is reduced. Thus, there is less chances for the government to
negatively effect the economy.
1.1.1 PORT-HARCOURT ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION, EKET.
The
history of electricity development in Nigeria can be traced to the end of the
19th century when the first generating power plant was installed in
the city of Lagos in 1898. From then until 1950, the pattern of electricity
development was in the form of individual electricity power undertaking
scattered all over the towns, some of the undertaking wee federal government
bodies under the public works, department, some by the native authority and
other by the municipal authority.
With
time, power were circulated to all part of the country and the popular
authority that controls it for a long time was known as (NEPA) National
Electric Power Authority. It acted as the virtual sole provider of electricity
in the country for a long times. However, towards the mid 1990s, licenses were
given to private power generating companies. The federal electric power reform
Act 2005 further deregulated the sector splitting NEPA and leading to the
change of name from NEPA to the power holding cooperation of Nigeria.
The
company dominance of the power system in Nigeria started in 1972 with the
merger of the electricity cooperation of Nigeria and the Niger DAM
Authority. However, the social reality
of irregular power supply made it to called ‘’Never Expect Power Always’’ by
many Nigerians. De to this and other technical and managerial challenges faced
by NEPA, the Nation decided to handle it over to a private body for efficient
and effective running. Thus, ‘’ power holding company of Nigeria’’ came up as
the power regulatory body in the country.
The
body in-discharge of their duties was found inefficient by numerous Nigerians
and this leads to exchange of name for power regulation. Thus, Port-Harcourt
Electricity Distribution Company, Eket, came to being. It is a sub-division of
the Nations Electricity Power Authority in port-Harcourt that regulate power to
most areas including Eket chapter. Port-Harcourt Electricity Company, Eket is
located at No 213 Abak Road Eket. The company is doing well to a certain degree.
It is made up of departments for easy discharge of responsibilities.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Developmentalization
and commercialization of public enterprises is a vital food for the developing
countries like Nigeria. The problem facing developmentalization and commercialization
to the growth of Nigeria economy are glaring such as corruption, lack of
transparency. Lack of accountability, inconsistency and incredibility among
others.
However,
it is these problems that hindered the government to see the growth of which developmentalization
and commercialization to the growth of the economy and proffer a way towards
for a positive state of developmentalization and commercialization in Nigeria,
thus research work emanated.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The
study has the following objectives:
1.
To examine the effects of developmentalization
and commercialization policy of government agencies on the economy of Nigeria.
2.
To access how developmentalization and
commercialization policies will increase productive efficiency in Nigeria.
3.
To find out the institutional framework and
regulatory agencies charge with the responsibility of implementing developmentalization
and commercialization on policies in Nigeria.
4.
To ascertain whether developmentalization and
commercialization policy should be encouraged.
5.
To examine the reasons for the introduction
of developmentalization and commercialization policy in Nigeria.
6.
To provide suggestions for solving the
obstacles associated with developmentalization exercise.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTION
The following research questions will be
seen below:
1.
What is the effect of developmentalization
and commercialization policy of government agencies on economy of Nigeria?
2.
Does developmentalization and commercialization
policies increase productive efficiency in Nigeria?
3.
What are institutional framework and
regulatory aganecies charge with the responsibility of implementing developmentalization
and commercialization agencies in Nigeria?
4.
Should developmentalization and
commercialization policy be encouraged?
5.
What are reasons for the introduction of developmentalization
and commercialization policy in Nigeria?
6.
Are there obstacle associated with developmentalization?
7.
What are the possible ways of solving the
obstacles associated with developmentalization exercise?
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
study will be useful in that;
It
will give the research advance knowledge and information on the concept of developmentalization
and commercialization policy of government agencies. It will also aid in
proffering solutions on the problems arising from developmentalization and
commercialization policy of government agencies. The study will be a vital
instrument for the management of port-Harcourt Electricity Distribution
Company. PHED, eket in knowing the important expectation of the public on them
and hoe to discharge their responsibilities effectively. The study will also
serve as a point of reference or point of criticism to other researchers who
like to delue into a study of this nature. To the government, the study will
enable them to know whether the policy of developmentalization and
commercialization is effective or not. Thus, paving a way for the next
alternative actions.
1.6 SCOPE/DETERMINIATION OF THE STUDY
The
study will cover the effect of developmentalization and commercialization
policy of government agencies on economy of Nigeria. It will also go further to
include the importance of developmentalization and commercialization to the
economy of Nigeria. Advantages and disadvantages of developmentalization and
commercialization policy in Nigeria among others.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The
lack of adequate time, inadequate funding and startage of unavailability of
authoritative text books on the field under survey constitute hindrance.
Thus,
the time given to accomplish a research of this magnitude was very small compared
to the scope and the importance of this study. The research finds it difficult
to get enough money to enable her make around for gathering of adequate and
authentic information for the study.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Developmentalization:
this is the process of transferring ownership of business, enterprise, agency,
public service, or public property from the public sector (a government) to the
private sector, either to a business that operates for a profits to a
non-profits organization.
Commercialization:
this is process of introducing a new product or production method into
commerce, making it available on the market.
Economy: this
is an area of the production,
distribution, or trade and consumption of goods and services by
different agent in a given geographical location.
Policy:
this is a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organization
or individual.
Government:
this is an institution or a machinery that makes law and see that laws are
carried out.
Effect:
this is the measure of the tangible effects (consequences) of one things or
entity’s action or influence upon two or more persons.
Management:
this involves getting things done through the instrumentality of others.
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