SOIL MOISTURE MONITARING IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING ARDUINO BASED

 ABSTRACT

The project aimed at constructing of a soil moisture irrigation system that is a critical endeavour in the field of agriculture. This system aims to automate the irrigation process by efficiently monitoring and responding to the soil's moisture levels. This system provided an overview of the construction process involved in developing a soil moisture irrigation system. It outlines the key components of the system, such as the soil moisture sensor, microcontroller, water pump, and programming code. After uploading the code to the Arduino and placing the circuit in a plastic box, the system underwent various tests. These tests included sensor calibration, moisture sensing, threshold comparison, watering mechanism activation, moisture level check, and automatic shutdown. The outcomes of these tests were successful, with accurate results obtained. Additionally, a graphical representation demonstrated the relationship between sensor voltage and soil moisture levels, further affirming the system's effectiveness. The study concluded by emphasizing the practicality and benefits of implementing a soil moisture irrigation system in various agricultural settings.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page …………………………………………………………………………..i

Declaration …………………………………………………………………….…..ii

Approval page ……………………………………………………………………..iii

Dedication…………………………………………………………………….….. iv

Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………….….....v

Abstract……………………………………………………………………….…...vi

Table of Content …………………………………………………………………vii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       introduction                                                                                                     1

1.2              Background of the study                                                                                 1

1.3              Problem of the statement                                                                                2

1.4              Significance of the project                                                                              4

1.5              Aim and objectives of the project                                                                   4

1.6              Scope of the study                                                                                          5

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0       Introduction                                                                             6

2.1              Review of some related projects                                                                     7

2.2              Review on major components of the projects                                                17

2.3       Arduino board                                                                                                 17

2.4      Software usage                                                                                                 37                       

CHAPTER THREE

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE

3.0       Introduction                                                                                                    39

3.1              Description of the construction                                                                      40

3.2              Assembling of the components                                                                      42

3.3              Material /components used                                                                             43    

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULT

4.1              Introduction                                                                                        47

4.2              Complete working principle of the project                                         47

4.3              Testing                                                                                                48

4.4              Programming                                                                                       50

4.4        Casing                                                                                                 51

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1              Conclusion                                                                                          52

5.2               Recommendation                                                                               52

References                                                                                          54

Appendix A

                                                    CHAPTER ONE 

INTRODUCTION

1.1Introduction

The soil moisture monitoring irrigation system using Arduino-based technology is a project that aims to improve water efficiency and crop productivity in agriculture. By utilizing Arduino microcontrollers, soil moisture sensors, and automated irrigation control, the system can monitor the moisture levels in the soil in real-time and activate irrigation only when necessary. This helps conserve water by avoiding overwatering and ensures that plants receive the optimal amount of moisture for healthy growth. The project combines electronics, sensor technology, and automation to create a sustainable and efficient solution for managing irrigation in various agricultural sector. (Kumar,2017).

1.2 Background of the study

Traditional irrigation methods, often reliant on manual monitoring and scheduling, are plagued by issues such as water wastage, suboptimal crop yields, and inefficient resource system (Arun,  2022). To address these challenges, researchers have increasingly explored the development of automatic soil moisture monitoring irrigation systems that leverage Arduino-based technology. This background study highlight the progress more in this field, the significance of the Arduino platform, elucidating the principles of soil moisture monitoring, and showcasing the manifold benefits of automated irrigation systems.(kumar,2017)

Arduino, is a versatile and open-source electronics platform, stands as a technological enabler that amalgamates a microcontroller based with a user-friendly integrated development environment (Magesh, 2017).  Arduino technology has commanded substantial attention within agricultural research. These systems optimize precise and timely irrigation control, bestowing benefits such as water conservation, diminished labour demands, and augmented crop output. As the pursuit of sustainable agricultural practices becomes increasingly imperative amid water scarcity concerns, sustained research and innovation in this realm assume a pivotal role in shaping the future landscape of agriculture (Okasha, 2017).

The study builds upon based research on automatic soil moisture monitoring irrigation systems using Arduino technology. Smith, (2019) developed an Arduino framework with capacitive soil moisture sensors, resulting in improved water efficiency and crop yields. Also in build an integrated wireless communication with Arduino, creating a sensor network for real-time soil moisture data and enhancing resource conservation and crop productivity. And (lee,2021).in build an incorporated machine learning algorithms into Arduino systems, enabling more precise irrigation schedules. Finally (Garcia,2022)

 Extended Arduino-driven irrigation solutions to remote smallholder farmers, emphasizing scalability and accessibility. These studies highlight the versatility of Arduino technology in modernizing irrigation practices and contribute to sustainable crop production. (Garcia,2022).

1.3 Problem of the Statement

The study seeks to address several critical problems that are prevalent in irrigation system within the realm of agriculture. One of the primary issues is the inefficiency of current irrigation practices, which often result in water wastage and suboptimal crop yields. Traditional methods of irrigation, which rely on manual monitoring and scheduling, can lead to over-irrigation or inadequate watering, both of which negatively impact crop health and productivity. (Doe,2021).

Another challenge that the study aims to tackle is the lack of real-time soil moisture data for informed decision-making. Accurate and timely information about soil moisture content is crucial for determining the optimal timing and volume of irrigation. However, many farmers face difficulties in accessing real-time soil moisture data, which can affect their ability to make  decisions about irrigation practices. (Okasha,2017).

Furthermore, the study recognizes the challenges caused by over-irrigation and water scarcity. Over-irrigation not only wastes. water but also leads to increased energy consumption and environmental degradation. On the other hand, water scarcity is a growing concern in many regions, necessitating the development of irrigation systems that can minimize water usage while maintaining crop productivity. By implementing automated irrigation systems that utilize Arduino based technology, the study aims to address these challenges by providing precise control over irrigation events based on real-time soil moisture data and optimized scheduling algorithms. (Okasha,2017).

finally, the study acknowledges the limited accessibility and scalability of existing irrigation systems. Many advanced irrigation technologies available today may be costly, complex, and inaccessible to smallholder farmers or those with limited resources. To address this issue, the study aims to develop affordable and scalable solutions that can be easily adopted by farmers across different agricultural sector.the study recognizes the need for automation and optimization of irrigation scheduling.

1.4 Significance of the Project

The construction of an automatic soil moisture monitoring irrigation system using Arduino-based technology holds significant benefits and implications. These are :

1.     By efficiently monitoring soil moisture levels in real – time and activating irrigation only, when necessary.

2.     The system promotes water conservation and sustainable agricultural practices.

3.     It improve crop health and yield by providing the right amount of water at the right time, while saving time and labour through automation. Additionally, the project offers educational values, fostering leaning and innovation in the field of precision agriculture.

4.     To contribute the efficient water usage, improved crop productivity, and sustainable farming practices.

1.5 Aim and Objectives of the Project

The aim of this project is to construct an automatic soil moisture monitoring irrigation system using Arduino based. Other objectives are to:

       i.            To incorporate programing in to construction of irrigation system to help reduce human labour.

     ii.            To construct an automatic irrigation system model that will monitor the water level in a soil.

1.6 Scope of the study

The proposal aims to address critical problems prevalent in current irrigation system, including inefficiency, real- time data scarcity, over – irrigation, water scarcity, limited accessibility, and the need for automation and optimazition. Traditional irrigation practices often result in water wastage and suboptimal crop yields. Manual monitoring and scheduling lead to over – irrigation or inadequate watering, negatively impacting crop health and productivity. The proposed research aims to provide a comprehensive solution by developing an affordable and scalable automated irrigation system using arduino based.

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