ABSTRACT
Atmospheric emission of trace gases such as
carbon (iv) oxide (co4), carbon (II) oxide (co), methane (ch4)
e.t.c. associated with animal waste are world wild problem and may contribute
to a detrimental impact on the environment in such a way that millions of
people will be affected especially poor people who live in precarious location
or depend on land for sustenance living. And this effect was determined by
modeling the effect of trace gases on the environment.
The two (2) main approaches to this study was
field work and software application. The field work was carried out on five (5)
busy days in a week which was on: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday and
Saturday at the animal dumpsite of the study area. The field data obtained was
fed into the integrated waste management (IWM) software which determined their
effect on the environment.
Compressed
field result in (PPM) from table 6 shows that carbon(IV)oxide is greatest on
day 3, carbon II oxide is greatest on day 1 and methane (ch4) remain
unchanged
The result from table 9 shows that the field
result of carbon(iv)oxide only is greater than the simulated result, therefore
carbon(IV)oxide will have effect on the global warming of this environment. It
is therefore recommended that afforestation should be practice in this
environment to reduce the effect of carbon(iv)oxide.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of contents v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of study 1
1.2 Statements of the problems 2
1.3 Aim and objectives 2
1.3.1 Aim 2
1.3.2 Objectives 3
1.4 Scope of research 3
1.5 Definition of terms 3
1.5.1 Trace
gas 3
1.5.2
Pollution 3
1.5.3
Animal waste 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 4
2.1 Carbon dioxide emission 4
2.2 Methane emission 4
2.3 Nitrous Oxide Emission 5
2.4 Non Point Pollution 5
2.5 Pollution from animal waste harms 6
2.6 Waste management practices should be improve 6
2.7 Data sources and Limit 7
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology 8
3.1 Description of study area 8
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result
and Discussion 9
4.1 Data
Obtained from the field 9
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion
and Recommendation 18
5.1 Conclusion
18
5.2 Recommendation 18
References 19
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Data Obtained for day 1 9
Table 2: Data Obtained for day 2 10
Table 3: Data Obtained for day 3 11
Table 4: Data Obtained for day 4 12
Table 5: Data Obtained for day 5 13
Table 6: Compress Field Value Results In ppm 14
Table 7: Compress field value results in tons 14
Table 8: Output of IWM tools 15
Table 9: Comparism of output 17
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Atmospheric
emission of methane (CH4) associated with animal waste are worldwide
problem and may contribute to a detrimental impact on the environment.
CH4
are important green house gases that are produced anthropogenic ally but mainly
by plant, animal waste and from natural geothermal source. Other green house
gases include CO2, NH3.
‘Greenhouse’
gases are gases that have a molecular structure such that they obstruct the
radiation of heat from the earth, thus acting like the glass or membrane over a
greenhouse. The gases that are most effective at absorbing this radiated heat
are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons and sculpture
hexafluoride.
The
above ‘greenhouse’ gases have differing abilities to absorb the heat radiated
from the earth and are assigned factors (their ‘global warning potential’)
based on their absorbing ability relative to that of carbon dioxide. The
factors depend on the lifetime over which the effect of the gases is assessed.
A gas which is quickly removed from the atmosphere may initially have a large
effect but over a longer period the effect will be much less important.
1.1
BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
Waste
products are valuable resources as fertilizer and suitable to be applied to
crops and pastures. However. When concentrated into relatively small
geographical area or applied in excessive amounts, waste can have detrimental
environmental effects. This can results in enhanced CO2, CH4
and NS0 emission to the atmosphere influencing global warming and
destruction of the ozone layer (mosier, 1998). These gases have long
atmospheric lifetimes, are consequently fairly well mixed and therefore of
global as well as local or regional importance. They represent a most serious
threat to global climate in terms of greenhouse effect and their overall
radioactive forcing from pre industrial time to date were estimated as
1.85,0.15 and 0.1.2Wm-2 respectively. Anthropogenic sources account
for 70% of the total annual release of CH4, 16% of which coming from production
of waste (IPCC, 1994). Soil microbial processes accesses account for 65% of the
total N2) source strength (5 to 5 TG year-1). These
researches measured the emission of NH3 using ToxiREA pro and modeling to
estimate emission by Gabi 6 tools.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Scientist
agree that even a small increase in the global temperature would led to
significant climate and whether changes, affecting cloud cover, precipitation,
wind patterns, the frequency and severity of storms, and the duration of
season.
I.
Rising temperature would raise sea levels
as well, reducing supplies if fresh wash water as flooding occurs along
coastlines world and salt water reaches inland.
II.
Many of the world endangered species would
become extinct as raise in temperature would change their habitat.
III.
Millions of people also will be affected
especially poor people who live in precarious locations or depend on land for
sustenance living.
IV.
Certain vector bam diseases carried by
animals or insects such as malaria would become wide spread as warmer
conditions expand their range.
1.3
AIMS
AND OBJECTIVES:
1.3.1 AIM
The
aim of the project is to model trace gas pollution from Ilorin animal waste
dumpsite.
1.3.2
OBJECTIVES:
i.
Pollution locator (animal waste)
ii.
To quantity emission rate of trace
gases from animal waste dump site in Ilorin
iii.
To understand better trace gases emission
level from pollution and its effect on global warning
iv.
To
model trace gas pollution from Ilorin animal waste dumpsite
1.4 SCOPE OF RESEARCH:
I.
To locate animal waste dumpsite in Ilorin
II.
To detect and monitor trace gases from located
dumpsite using Toxireapro gas monitor
III.
To analyze the effect of trace gases from
animal dumpsite to Ilorin environment
IV.
And to model the effect of trace gases on
the environment
1.5 DEFINATION OF TERMS
1.5.1 TRACE GAS: A
trace gas is a gas which makes up less 1% by volume of the Earth’s atmosphere,
and it includes all gases except nitrogen (78.1%) and oxygen (20.9%). The most
abundant trace gas at 0.934% is argon. Water vapor also occurs in the
atmosphere with highly variable abundance
1.5.2 POLLUTION:
This is the process of making air, water soil etc dangerously dirty and not
suitable for people to use.
1.5.3 ANIMAL WASTE: Is
a material composed of excreta with or without animal dung, collected from
poultry and other animals except human.
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