ABSTRACT
This study
examined the relationship between learning environment as a predictor of
pupil’s academic performance in Ado-Odo-Ota, Local Government Ogun state.
The researchers
used description researchers, the
method was found appropriate for the study because it involve a systematic
investigation in to the relationship that exist between learning environment
and pupils academic performance in Ado Odo Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State.
The researcher
made use of simple random techniques to select 10 primary schools In Ado Odo Ota local Government Area of Ogun State.
One teacher are
randomly selected from each of the primary schools and in all, a total 10 responded were drawn from the 10 primary
schools for this study. Therefore, the instrument will be developed by the
researcher.
The data
Analysis are frequency count and simple percentage were used to analysis the
personal information provided by respondents
in analyzing the hypothesis formulated from this study analysis of vacancy was
adopted.
On the basis of the research finding and
discussion, the following are suggested and recommendation as step to make
learning environment conducive for effective teaching and learning. The school
physical environment building and school playing ground is a key factors
in the overall health and safety of
students, staff, and visitors, the school building and ground must be designed
and maintained to be free of health and safety hazards to promote learning.
Policies must
be put in place to ensure the availability of the needed facilities that can
contribute to the academic performance of the pupils such as computers,
textbook, enough classroom building, hostel for pupil’s accommodation & sports
facilities e.t.c. it should not be left behind by financing them in the area of
learning facilities of the pupils.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi-vii
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the study 1-4
1.2
Statement of the problem 4
1.3
Research Questions 5
1.4
Research Hypotheses 6
1.5
Purpose of the Study 6-7
1.6
Significance of the study 7
1.7
Scope and Limitations of the study 7-8
1.8
Definition of terms 8
CHAPTER
TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Concept
of learning environment 9-12
2.2 Establishment
of Minimum Academic Standard 13
2.3 Pupil’s
Academic Performance 13-14
2.4 Physical
Space 14-15
2.5 Learning
Facilities 15-17
2.6 Class
size 17-18
2.7 Learning
Location 18-20
2.8 Review
of Empirical Studies 20-21
2.9 Appraisal
of the Literature Reviewed 21-23
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 24
3.2 Research
methodology 24
3.3 Research
design 24
3.4 Population,
Sample and Sampling techniques 24
3.5 Sample
and Sampling Techniques 24-25
3.6 Procedure
for data collection 25-26
3.7 Data
Analysis Techniques 26
CHAPTER
FOUR: RESULTS
4.1 Demographic
Information of Respondents 27-31
4.2 Answer
to the Research Question 32-37
4.3 Summary
of findings 37
4.4 Discussion
of Findings 38-39
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.1 Summary,
conclusion and Recommendation 40
5.2 Summary
40
5.3 Implication
for the theory and Practice 40-42
5.4 Conclusion
42-43
5.5 Recommendation
44-45
References 46-50
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Learning
environment as a predictor of pupils’ academic performance has been affirmed to influence academic
performance among the pupils (Lawani 2004). In view of this, pupils based
factors are very important in academic ‘performance and achievement. Pupil’s
academic achievement and educational attainment have been studied within
different framework. Many of them have focus on parents’ education, occupation
or home background (like; family income, language of the home, activities of
the family and work methods), while other studies looked at it from the
teachers’ variables (such as teachers’ age, experience, education, gender etc)
school variables (such as environment structure, buildings, location etc),
pupils variables (such as attitude, self-concepts, self-esteem, study habit,
interest etc) or parents’ support (such as achievement, motivation of words,
parental attitudes towards education, the aspiration of parent etc)
Learning
environment are established for the purpose of teaching and learning. It is
also more important that the teacher and learners are properly accommodated to
facilitate the teaching and learning that goes on this is the essence of the
school plant and facilities (Alimi 2004). Therefore, learning facilities are
the space interpretation and physical expression of the school curriculum. In
Nigeria at large and in Ado-odo Ota, Ogun State in particular, in primary
schools, irrespective of ownership are expected to function in compliance with
the achievement of the national education objectives. The learning environment,
which includes the classrooms, libraries, teachers’ quality, school management,
teaching methods, peers etc are variables that affect pupils’ academic
performance (Ajayi 2001, and Oluchukwu 2000).
Hence,
the learning environment remains an important area that should be studied and
well managed to enhance pupils’ academic performance. The issue of poor
academic performance of pupils in Nigeria has been of much concern to the
government, parents, teachers and even pupils themselves. The quality of
education not only depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of
their duties, but also in the effective co-ordination of the learning
environment (Ajao 2001).
Leaning
environment which includes instructional spaces planning, administrative places
planning, circulation space planning, spaces for conveniences planning,
accessories planning, the teacher as well as the pupils themselves are
essential in teaching – learning process (Oluchukwu 2000).
The
extent to which pupils learning could be enhanced depends on their location
within the school compound, the structure of their classroom, availability of
instructional facilities and accessories (Oluchukwu 2000). It is believed that
a well-planned school will gear up expected outcomes of education that will
facilitate good social, political and economic emancipation, effective teaching
and learning process and academic performance of the pupils.
Relating
this study to international occurrences, are the assertions of Williams,
Persuade and Turner (2008), quoting Marsden (2005), which reported that safe
and orderly learning environment (aspect of instructional space), learning
facilities (accessories) were significantly related to pupils’ academic
performance in schools. The three
researchers, also quoted Glassman (1994), asserting that a comfortable and
caring environment among others treatment helped to contribute to pupils’
academic performance. The physical characteristics of the school have a variety
of effects on teachers, pupils and learning process. Poor lighting, noise, high
level of carbon dioxide in classrooms, and inconsistent temperature make
teaching and learning difficult. Poor maintenance and ineffective ventilation
system leads to poor healthy among pupils as well as teachers, which leads to
poor performance and higher absentee rates (Frazier, 2002 Lyons, 2001 and
Ostendorf 2001).
These
factors can adversely affect pupils’ behavior and lead to higher level of
frustration among teachers and poor learning attitude among pupils. Beyond the
direct effects that poor facilities, which create an uncomfortable and
uninviting workplace for teachers, combined with frost rating behavior by pupils including
poor concentration and hyperactivity, lethargy, or apathy, creates a stressful
set of working conditions for teachers (Oluchukwu 2000).
Previous
studies have investigated the relationship of poor learning environment
including problems with student – teacher ratio, learning location, school
population, classroom ventilation, poor lighting in classrooms and
inconsistence temperature in the classroom with pupils health problems, pupils
behavior and pupils achievement (Crandell & Smaldino, 2000; Davis, 2011;
Johnson, 2001; Lyons, 2001; Moore, 2002;
Stricherz, 2000; Turner, 2000). To complement these studies the present
research examined the influence of learning environment on the academic
motivation of primary school pupils in Ado-odo Ota, Ogun State.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
The
problem under study has to do with an unsatisfactory condition of the
educational system being operated in ‘Nigeria. The establishment of government
schools/communities schools has resulted in a situation whereby some schools
were favored in term of the provision
of rich environment than other. It has been very difficult if not
possible for government to standardize the learning environment. Thus the
environment varies from school to school. Some schools have adequate school
building good library and suitable textbooks, good administrative management,
professional qualified teachers, as well as good location. While in some
schools little or none of these exist. The high levels of pupils’ academic
performance may not be guaranteed where instructional space such as classroom,
libraries are structurally defective. However, little is known on Learning
Environment as a predictor of Pupils Academic Performance in Ado-Odo Local
Government, Ota, Ogun State.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The
general purpose of this study is to examine the Learning
Environment as a predictor of Pupils Academic Performance in Ado-Odo Local
Government, Ota, Ogun State while the specific purposes area.
i.
To examine how beauty and colour
learning environment predicts academic performance of pupils in Ado-Odo Ota
Local Government, Ogun State.
ii.
To examine how the physical Structure
and Location learning environment predict the academic performance in Ado-Odo Ota Local
Government, Ogun State.
iii.
To investigate the extent to which health
and safety of the learning environment predict the academic performance of primary
school pupils in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government, Ogun State.
iv.
To investigate the beauty and aesthetic of the predictors of
academic performance of the pupils’ in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government, Ogun
State.
1.4 Research
Questions
The
following are the research questions for this study
i. What is the quality of physical learning
environment of nursery and primary schools in Ado Ota, Ogun State?
ii. What is
the joint contribution of indices of physical learning environment (physical space,
equipment, health and safety and beauty) to pupils’ performance?
iii. What is the relative contributions of indices
of physical environment (physical space, equipment, health and safety and
beauty) to pupils’ performance?
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
In
order to guild this study, the researcher formulated one main hypotheses and
three operational hypotheses:
Main
hypotheses: There is no significant relationship between learning environment
as an academic of pupils in Ado Odo Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State.
Ho1: There is no significant relationship between learning environment
and pupil’s academic performance in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area of Ogun
State.
Ho2: There is no significant
relationship between impact of learning environment in the academic
performance of pupils in public and private primary school in Ado-Odo Ota Local
Government Area Ogun State.
Ho3: There is no significant relationship between learning environment
and academic performance of pupils in primary schools in Ado-Odo Ota Local
Government Area Ogun State.
1.6 Scope
of the Study
Although,
the study will examine the learning environment as a predictor of poor academic
performance of Pupils in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government, Ogun State. Learning
environment on academic performance among primary school pupils, however, the study will only
cover and be limited to ten (10) schools in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government in
Ogun State, Nigeria. Ten research questions were raised for the study which
have four corresponding research hypotheses. The research question would be
answer with mean rating while the research
hypotheses would be tested with t-test.
1.7 Operational
Definition of Terms
School:
A school is an institution designed for the teaching of student under the
direction of teachers.
Learning Environment:
A school’s physical environment includes the school building and the
surrounding in which the learner acquires knowledge.
Academic Performance: This
refers to the outcome of the academic performance of the pupils in the school.
Primary School:
This is an educational institution where the early stage of schooling known as primary
education and usually compulsory to a specified age, take place. It follows by
secondary education and university [tertiary] education.
1.8 Significance
of the Study
It
is hoped that this study will provide information for parents, educators and
school administrators to reflect upon various motivational factors that help pupils
in achieving their academic goals. By so doing, they can investigate the
possibility of introducing those factors to their school, which may
consequently lead to enhancing pupils’ educational outcomes in learning
environment. In Addition, the fact that this study is conducted in Public and
Private schools, it stores quite a lot of similarities with many other
counterparts. In thus connection, this study provides a valuable reference for
other schools, PTA, learning environment as it affect the academic performance
of pupils in primary schools.
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