TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Content vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction 1
1.1 Background
of the Study 1
1.2 Statement
of the problem 4
1.3 Purpose
of the Study 4
1.4 Research
Questions 5
1.5 Research
Hypothesis 5
1.6 Significance
of Study 5
1.7 Limitations
of the Study 6
1.8 Definition
of the operation terms 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
Literature Review 7
2.1 Perception of
Performance in mathematics 7
2.2 Parental level of
education 8
2.3 The relationship between parental
involvement/ managed learning
programmes and student’s academic
performance 10
2.4 Parental academic background impact on mathematics performance 21
2.5 Parent-Child, Teacher
and School Communication 24
2.6 Parent Expectation and Belief about their
pupil’s mathematics performance 26
2.7 Factor affecting
mathematics performance 28
2.8 THEORETICAL
LITERATURE 30
2.9 FAMILY BACKGROUND 31
2.10 Strategies towards improving mathematics performance 33
2.11 Academic performance 34
2.12 Parent/ Guardian academic level and
children’s academic performance
in mathematics in the home 34
2.13 Summary 36
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
Research Methodology 37
3.1 Research Design 37
3.2 Population of the
study 37
3.3 Sample and Sampling
technique 37
3.4 Instrument for data
collection 38
3.5 Validation of
Instrument 38
3.6 Reliability of the
instrument 38
3.7 Method of data
collection 39
3.8 Method of data
analyses 39
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Introduction 40
4.1 Testing of Hypothesis 40
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation 43
5.1 Summary 44
5.2 Conclusion 44
5.3 Recommendation 45
References 46
APPENDIX 50
Questionaire 50
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study is to
investigate in the parental academic background on primary school pupil’s
academic performance in mathematics (A case state of Ojo local Government). In
other to get a sound conclusion, some research hypothesis was formulated. In
gathering information, concerning the parental academic background on primary
school pupil’s academic performance in mathematics: one hundred questionnaire
was designed and administered to pupils in primary school, Ojo local Government
Educational District and the researcher will collect it back immediately, the
method that was use is sample random procedure. However, solutions were given to
authorities concerning the parents, theirs parent’s appropriate measure in
involving and providing educational needs, ministry of education should give
awareness on how parent can help their children in mathematics and education.
1.1 Background of the study
A family units is the first contact a
child has in life, and the quality of such family unit has a great impact on
the growing child and it actually reflect on the child’s personality and
attitude letter in life. A family has been defined by ties of marriage, blood,
adoption constituting a single household interacting and inter- communicating with
each other in their respective social roles of husbands and wife, father and
mother, brother and sister, creating a common culture. According to Collin
dictionary (2003) parental background is one’s social class, education or
experience, event or circumstances that help to explain something.
The average Nigeria children are
hardworking, intelligent and strive to succeed to have some level of self-fulfillment
in education. The aspiration to succeed is biological in origin but its
intensity and directions may greatly
affected by learning and parental background ‘he who has the youths has future’
says Kari marx (1993) ad saying only goes to show the important role youths of
any nation play in developmental processes in such a nation. With the above, it
therefore becomes a thing of sorrow for one realizes the decadence and
delinquency that has permeated the youth of this nation.
Child education is very much important
and their educational performance depends on their interaction with peer group,
parent, teachers and environment. Some parents are finding it increasing
difficult to meet the basic requirement of their children due to economic
depression; many have no time for the upbringing of their children.
Adekeye (2002) observed that, it is
mainly through their efforts and ability that children are to become productive
and effective n the area of mathematics, parents posses the resources, skills and
also apply them effectively in raising their children.
The level of educational attainment of
parents could influence the academic performance of their children, according
to European Monitoring Union Report (2013) those pupils whose parents have a
high level of education/ academic background performs on average significantly
better in tests of sentence, reading and mathematical abilities than those
whose parents have only basic schooling.
In a family where both parent are
educated most especially knowledgeable in the area of mathematics, their
children always taken good of in their academicals activities. They may go
through their children’s, book after school, or even employ a mathematics
teacher to teach them, privately after school and by so doing their academic
performance will improve.
Where as in the case of the illiterate
family, the need to supervise their children’s books is not there because they
lack such. Atkinson and Feather (1996) argued that, successful parents, tends
to provide early training on mathematics which is necessary in the development
of their academic performance. They also set high goals for their child and
expecting the child to show competence in doing their task well. Illiteracy of
parent could have negative effect on the academic performance of their
children. Encouragement from home is one of thing children whose parents are
illiterate seem to lack.
This implies that some illiterate refuse
to provide their children with the needed mathematics textbooks, it is a means
of discouraging the child from learning David (2007) stated that, text books especially
in mathematics, aids studies after normal; school teaching . they also lack
assistance because of parents illiteracy and ignorance, as such parents fails
to motivate reinforce, give awareness or punish their children on their poor
academic performance which might have affect them to be serious in learning
mathematics.
On their hand literate parents tends to
have interest in the academic performance of their children they struggle to
provide needed materials and give adequate encouragement. Having known the
importance of education they draw a workable time- table for their children
which will involve much mathematical activities and also arrange for a part-
time teacher to teach and check their work books from time to time so as
improve the academic performance of the child. Apart from the educational
background of the parent, other variables still exits which can positive or
negative and as a result predict pupils mathematics performance mathematics
educators and researchers like Oluche (1993, Ale (1995) Oshibodu (1996) and
Akpan (1998) et al have over the year carried out researches on the factors
that is responsible for the poor performance in mathematics at primary schools.
These factors range from shortage of
qualified mathematics teachers, poor facilities equipment and instructional
materials for effective teaching etc. if at all considered teacher variable
such as teacher self efficacy competence attitude experience and qualification.
1.2 Statement of the problem
This study sought to make finding on how
the academic performance of parent affect tends to have effect or impact on to
primary school pupils academic performance in mathematics. Comments from
educators have shown that the blame from lack of good performance has been as a
result of neglect and carefree attitude towards the academic work by pupils and
parents how first school of a child is the home where he/ she is taught the
first basic norms and values by the parents before the child leaves for the
formal education. The home is where the child’s foundation on mathematics is
first build. The child should be given encouragement and needed materials such
as textbooks, Video tapes on mathematics in order to aid the intelligence of
that child.
1.3 Purpose of the study
The main purpose of this study is to
examine the parental academic background and primary school pupil’s academic performance
in mathematics.
1.
To achieve the above objective, the
following specific objectives became guides:
2.
Determine the extent to which parent
level of education influences the academic performance of their children.
3.
Determine the extent to which the
occupation of parents also influences or affect the child’s academic
performance
1.4 Research Questions
The following questions were generated
1.
Does the economic status of parents have
impact on the child’s academic performance?
2.
Does the parent’s level of education
have any impact on the academic performance of their children?
3.
What is the effect of parent’s
occupation on the academic performance of their children?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1. There
is no significant relationship between the economic status of the parents’ and child
academic performance.
2. There
is no significant relationship between parental level of education and child
academic performance.
3. There
is no significant relationship between the type of parent’s occupation and
child’s academic performance.
1.6 Significance of the study
This study would be very significant
because it would provide useful suggestions that will enable parent, guardians,
well to do individuals in the society or government in providing the needed
materials for pupils that ensure a great academic performance in mathematics in
primary schools.
1.7 Limitations of the study
This study is focused and centered on
pupils academic performance in relation to their parent academic background
specifically literature or illiterate. This study was limited in assessment of
some randomly selected primary schools pupils in Ojo Local Government Area,
Lagos state. The schools were:
1.8 Definition of operation terms
Parental:
connected with a parent r parents; parental responsibility/ right. Parental
choice in education.
Educational
Background: An act of giving people useful knowledge or
details that helps you to understand a situation.
Performance:
that is the standard of success that someone or something achievers.
Family:
this may be understood as a link between a husband and wife possibly with
children living together under the same roof.
Parental
background: this is a person’s family, level, experience,
education, financial ability, events or circumstances that help to explain
something.
Divorce:
this is the lawful dissolution of marriage.
Academic
achievement: this is taken to be the level of
performance or students in a standardized examination that follows a course of
instruction undergo by the learner.
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