HEALTH HAZARD ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF RODENTICIDE IN RESIDENT AREAS (A CASE STUDY AT DUTSE LOCAL GOVERNMENT)

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Of The Study

Rodenticide are chemical substance prepared to kill rodent. Rodenticide are commonly use in premises where food stuff and other material are stored/kept. The proliferation of rodenticide at our premises control the economic losses and the likely causes of disease. Rodenticide despite it significant in the control of rodent, it’s indiscriminate use can be poison to man and animal. More often people uses rodenticide to solve economic losses disease and damage to the living organism (Oveyemi, 1998)

Health hazards are chemical, physical or biological factors in our environment that can have negative impacts on our short- or long-term health. Exposure can occur through touch, inhalation, and ingestion. Understanding the risks of these hazards can help us to take action to avoid or mitigate these risks. Rodenticides are essential tools in the IPM toolbox for rodent management. Exclusion and cultural practices, such as landscape management and sanitation, are also very important tools that should be considered when managing rodent populations. However, persistent and chronic infestations often require the use of rodenticides. In residential environments, there are huge amounts of food available for rodents, making it difficult to attract rodents to traps using food. This practical challenge, coupled with the fact that rats can be extremely neophobic (afraid of new things), sometimes makes rodents difficult to manage using traps alone Rodenticides are generally used for quick “knockdown” of rodent populations in order to reduce exposure to disease and allergens, and to mitigate damage to crops and structures. One problem, however is that rodenticides may negatively impact the environment and its habits which is automatically a health hazard.

Since the chemical compound are hazardous to non-target living organism appropriate information must be obtain to ensure safety in term of the use, hence people using rodenticide should have knowledge of the application and the content of the substance.                              

Rodenticide are substance or mixture of substance intended for preventing destruction . rodenticide have adverse effect to human if accidently injected or in contact to human skin these effect are usually classified as acute or chronic(Ronzon, 1997).

Rodenticide are toxic to both pest and human however they are not to be hazardous to human and non- target animal species if suitable precaution are taken. Most rodenticide will cause adverse effect if accidently inhale or if in contact with the skin for a long time (Isah,2003).

Rodenticide particle may be inhibitor which is in air or saw dutse during application. Additional risk of the contamination of food (Ronzon) special precaution should be taken during the handling of rodenticide, people that use rodenticide should be enlightened. Environmental and workers in the pesticide industries have also known the dangers of constant rodenticide compound (encyclopaedia, 1995).

Thallium sulphate is low active rat and mice rodenticide, it is used in America (U.S.A). Since founded in the U.S.A, Environment Protection Agency largely stated that it affects the brain blood circulation and gastrointestinal wall of man (Oveyemi,2001).

1.2 Statement Of The Problem

A lot of  health hazard are associated with the use of rodenticide and many of these rodenticides are in powder from which can easily be inhale and cause many problems, there are many health hazard associated with the use of rodenticide some of them include: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting etc. Rodenticide causes poisoning which affect different organs and different parts in the body which may eventually lead to death. This prompt the researchers to investigate health hazard associated with the use of rodenticide in Dutse local government, Jigawa state.

1.3 Limitation Of The Study

This research work is limited to Dutse Local Government Jigawa state.

1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

1.4.1 Aims Of The Study

The purpose of the study is to determine the health hazard associated with the use of rodenticides in Dutse Local Government.

1.4.2 Objective Of The Study

The objective of the study are as follows:

·         To provide awareness to the people associated with the use of rodenticide. 

·         To know the most dangerous among frequently used rodenticide in the area.

·         To determine the hazard associated with the use of rodenticide.

1.5 Significance Of The Study

The significance of the study is to general community in the studying area, Dutse Local Government.

1.      The community will be aware about the health hazard associated with the use of rodenticide during application of rodenticide.

2.      The authority concerned with health will handle the hazards and problem associated with the use of rodenticide. 

3.      To the community, the finding will enhance the ways and how to apply Rodenticides to avoid health hazard associated with the use of rodenticide.

1.6 Research Question

1. What the health hazard associated with the use of rodenticide

2.      What are the type, use, precaution and dangers of rodenticide.

3.      Knowledge about the application and route of applying rodenticide  

1.7 Definition of Terms

1.7.1 Health : is the complete state of physical, social, mental and spiritual well-being of individual.

1.7.2 Hazard: is a thing that can be dangerous or causes danger to human health

1.7.3 Rodent: Are animal vertebrate that are capable of destroying food economy.

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