ABSTRACT
Drug abuse is rapidly growing a worldwide problem. The problem of drug abuse poses a significant threat to the health, social and economic fabric of families, communities, societies and nations as well. Almost every country in the world is affected by drug abuse. From the foregoing, the following recommendations were made: Drug use must be addressed in the context of a wide range of problems that threaten school-age children and their families such as health hazards unemployment, poverty, alienation, etc. Since school-age children are the most vulnerable segment of the society to dependence on psychotropic drugs, it is hereby advocated that a more meaningful drug education curriculum be formulated from basic school to secondary school. It has been advocated by Ebomoyi (1986) that an ideal drug education curriculum should be designed to address not only human behavior in the area of dependence on psychotropic drugs, it should also in addition, 71provide the learner an opportunity to assess real issues which are related to physical, mental and spiritual nature of an individual.
Theoretical framework Problem behavior theory (Jessor & Jessor, 1977) is a theoretical framework that is also derived from control and social learning theories. As originally formulated, the theoretical framework included three major systems of explanatory variables: the perceived-environment system, the personality system, and the behavior system. Objectives of the study to profile the youth in drug abuse. To probe into the patterns of drug abuse among youth to understand the challenges faced by the youth in drug abuse to assess the family environment of youth abusing drugs. To identify the relationship between family environment and drug abuse among youth. The table above shows that 40% of respondents are male while 60% are females. This implies that the male respondents outnumbered their female counterparts during the study. The finding is not far from expectations, considering the nature of this study; it has nothing to do with gender differences or disparity
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Pages
Title
page…………………….……….………..…………………………………i
Approval
page………………….…….…….……………………….……………ii
Declaration page………………..…………………………………….………..…iii
Certification………………………………………………………….…..………iv
Dedication………………………………..………….……………….……………v
Acknowledgement……………………………..………………….…………...…vi
Table of
content……………………..………………………………………..…vii
Abstract……………………………………………………..…………..………..ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction……………………………………………………..……………..1
1.1 Background to the
study……………………………..………………………..1
1.2 Statement of the
Problem……………………...………………………………3
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the
study…………………..…………………………4
1.4 Research Questions ……………………………………………………...……5
1.5 Significance of the
study………………………...…………………………….5
1.6 Scope of the
Study………………………………………………...…………..6
1.7 limitation of the
study…………………………………………………………8
1.8 Definition of
Terms……………………………………………………………8
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2. Conceptual framework………………………………………………………..9
2.1 1Theoretical framework
…………………………………………………….9
2.1.1 Types of Drugs
Abuse……….…………………………………………….9
2.1.2 Soft of
Drugs……………………………………………………………….9
2.1.3 Hard
Drugs………………………………………………………………..11
2.1.4 Drugs Categories..................................................................................…...11
2.1,5 Legal
Drugs………………………………………………………………...12
2.1.6 Illegal Drugs
…………………………………………..…………………...12
2.1.7 Classification of Drugs
…………………………………………………….13
2.1.8 Reasons why People Abusing
Drugs ……………………..……….………14
2.1.9 Sign and Symptoms
…………………………………………………….…14
2.1.10 Negative Impact of Drugs
Abuse………...………………………………15
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction…………………………………………………………………16
3 .2 Research design……………………………………………………………..16
3.3 population
size………………………………………………………………..17
3.4 Sample size and sampling
procedure ……………………………………..…17
3.5 Instrument of data
collection………………………………………………….17
3.6 procedure of
analysis……………………………………………………….…19
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.0
Introduction……………………………………………………………………..20
4.2 Section B: Factors that
Predisposes the Emergence of Community Participation in Combating
Crime……………………………………………………………………24
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………30
5.1 Summary………………………………………………………………………….32
5.2
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………....33
5.3
Recommendations…………………….………….………………………………..34
References……………………………………………………………………………..36
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Drug abuse is rapidly growing a worldwide problem. The problem of drug
abuse poses a significant threat to
the health, social and economic fabric of families, communities, societies and nations as well. Almost
every country in the world is affected by drug abuse. The problem of drug abuse has now crossed national, ethnic,
religious and gender lines also. Today,
the problems of Global increase of drug abuse reflect and contribute to both
the national as well as international
tensions.
The high level of drug abuse has
brought problems such as increase in
violence and crime, increase in HIV/AIDS diseases, and collapse in the social
structure. Globally, it is estimated that in 2012, between 162 million
and 324 million people, corresponding to between 3.5 per cent and 7.0 per cent
of the world population aged 15-64, had
used an illicit drug mainly a substance belonging to the cannabis, opioid,
cocaine or amphetamine-type
stimulants group at least once in the previous year (UNODC, World Drug Report, 2014).
Marijuana and hashish remain far and
away the most popular street drugs. Almost 161
million people had used cannabis at least once, up from about 150
million a year earlier. The use of
cannabis is likely to grow in coming years, said the report by UNODC. However,
the use of amphetamines and ecstasy
dropped, mainly in the United States and South-East Asia, the report
said.
According to National Aids Control
Organization (NACO – 2006), there are 50,000
injecting drug use (IDUs) in the northeast region of Nigeria, the
majority of them in Dutse, Nagaland,
Mizoram and Meghalaya. According to the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (UNODC) report 2005, alcohol
is the most commonly abused substance in all the states in Nigeria except in Mizoram. Of the states of the
northeast region, clients of treatment centres
in Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura, seek help mainly for problems of alcohol
abuse. Although the sale of alcohol
is prohibited in Dutse, Nagaland and Mizoram alcohol users are the second largest group seeking
treatment services in these states after opiate users.
It is worth
noting that intravenous use of pharmaceutical products, the use of opiate of
choice for injecting in Mizoram has
been associated, unlike heroin, with higher risk of abscesses, non- healing
ulcers and amputations thereby increasing the morbidity of drug
users.
Dutse is one of the poorest
and least developed
regions in Nigeria.
While the principle mode for transmission of HIV
infection in Nigeria is by heterosexual contact, the prevalence of the disease is also high in intravenous drugs
users who share needles and syringes.
HIV infection among IDUs first appeared in the north-eastern state of Nigeria.
Drug abuse was hardly known in the
north-eastern state of Nigeria prior to 1980s though tobacco, alcohol abuse was there. It started rising in the early
1980s with its peak in late 1980s.
Dutse had the first HIV/AIDS in the year of 1989-90 from a female IDU patient.
The geographical proximity of Dutse
in Jigawa (Myanmar) and consequently the Golden Triangle drug trail has made it a major transit route for drug
smuggling, with drugs easily available.
The increase in unemployment rate combined with a highly west remised lifestyle
of the youth exaggerated the highly
usage of drug used in the State. General frustration, family problems, pleasure seeking, curiosity or
fun, lack of societal control, and IDU as a fashion allowed intravenous drug use to emerge as a refuge for the
restless youth. Along with this, poor health services, lack of political
will and social unrest led to increase
in the prevalence of IDU.
Those close to the infected face
the trauma of diagnosis, community
reactions (acceptance, stigma, and
discrimination), economic and emotional impact, and reaction of health
care workers. The problem of
heroin abuse was started in Dutse metropolis, By the year 1989 it reaches an explosive situation. In
February 1990, the first HIV (Human Immune-Deficiency Virus) positive case in Dutse was reported from a cluster of 6
IDUs from blood samples of October
1989. In 1990 there were 20,000-40,000 addicts in Dutse with majority being heroines IDUs with sharing of needle,
syringes and as a result of drug abuse, (1986).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Drug abuse among the youth is
becoming a major problem in Dutse because of the drug trafficking. It is situated in the international border of
Myanmar which has made it a major
transit route for drug trafficking. Due to this drug use among, youth in the
Northeast Nigeria, particularly in the Dutse took a new turn.
Injecting heroin (locally
known as―number 4‖)
soon took over from heroin smoking- a non-traditional form of opiate use in the
region.
They gradually switches from non-injecting to
injecting method due to the easy availability of drugs, stress
arising from socio political unrest and frustration which lead to the problems
of high illiteracy levels, high degree of unemployment, extreme poverty, and broken family which has been cited as
the major causes of drugs.
Also the youth have now switched into more
advanced drug which is called as amphetamine drug which can be ingested,
snorted, smoked, and injected lead to mental problems such as depression,
hallucination, paranoia and panic attacks. As it is inexpensive they consumed
it at a higher amount of dosage which is affecting families and society at
large in terms of crime, violence, corruption, and drainage of human, financial
and other resources that could be used for social and economic development in
Dutse. Also it has become a great area of concern as according to the latest
epidemiological report intravenous drug users is increasing up to 40% cases in
Dutse.
Keeping these views, the researcher interested
to study the challenges faced by youth in Dutse metropolis in terms of
understanding the drug use patterns, challenges, family environment and
services offer by the institution which caters for youth in drug use
1.3 AIMS
OF THE STUDY
The aims of
this study is to evaluate the danger of drug abuse among youth in Dutse
metropolis.
1.4 OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
1. To profile the youth in drug abuse.
2. To probe into the patterns of drug abuse among youth.
3. To understand the challenges faced by the youth in drug abuse.
4. To assess the family
environment of youth abusing drugs.
5. To identify the relationship between family environment and drug abuse among youth.
1.5
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the profiles
of youth in drug abuse?
2. What is the probe into patterns
of drug abuse among youth?
3. What are the challenges faced by the youth in drug abuse?
4. What are the assess of family environment of youth abusing
drugs?
5. What
are the relationship between family environment and drug abuse among youth?
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
There is evidence that there is an abuse of substance problem among
the teenage population. Many people including the research have witnessed many
instances of substance abuse among youth people. There is more news coverage of
the national increase in youthful substance abuse and the attendant problem
that go with it which is not limited to political thuggery. Youths aim to drink
because of peer pressure and emotional stress among other factors. It has been
indicated earlier on that several attempts have been made but with no success.
It is therefore necessary to develop a health education program based on the
identified influencing factors that lead to youth substance abuse problems.
Youth is considered a critical period for the forming of coping
behavior and responses such as using drugs to deal with stress, peer pressure
and emotional distress (American Journal of Public Health,1997). It seems
therefore that drug prevention programs that focus on reducing exposure to risk
factors and modifying the factors that are already present should be
implemented.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
It was difficult to get data from all the
participants due to the sensitive nature of the study. Another limiting factor
to the study was that few females were willing to participate in the study
although they also abuse drugs. Hence, this research work is restricted to only
Dutse metropolis, with
an estimated population of 153,000 (2009).
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Drug abuse refers to self-medication or self-administration of a drug in chronically,
excessive quantities, resulting
in physical and psychological dependence, functional impairment,
and deviation from approved social norms‖ (Salerno 2006).
Youth: the National Youth Policy defines youth
in the age group between
15 and 29 years. A youth who is in the age group between
15 and 29 years,
Dangers:
is the general word for liability to
all kinds of injury or evil consequences, ether certain hard and certain, or
remote and doubtful, to be danger.
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