TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE
OF THE PROJECT DESIGN
1.2 PREAMBLE
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SCOPE
OF THE PROJECT
1.5 CONSTRAINTS
1.6 BLOCK
DIAGRAM OVERVIEW
1.7 PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 ORIGIN/HISTORY
OF THE PROJECT
2.2 TEHNOLOGY OF DOT MATRIX DISPLAY
2.2.1 Optics and lighting
2.3 USES
OF THE PROJECT
2.4 ADVANTAGES
OF THE DESIGN
2.5 TYPES
OF DOT MATRIX DISPLAY
2.6 FEATURES
OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN PROCESS AND IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 THE MAINS UNIT
3.2 THE
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.2.1 TRANSFORMER
3.2.2 RECTIFIERS
3.2.3 FILTERS
3.2.4
REGULATOR
3.3 THE
ADDRESS GENERATOR’S UNIT
3.4 THE
MEMORY UNIT/ MICRO-CONTROLLER
3.4.1 DESCRIPTION
3.5 THE
DRIVERS UNIT
3.5.1 TRANSISTOR
3.5.2 LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LEDs)
3.5.3 SIZES, SHAPES AND VIEWING ANGLES OF LEDS
3.6 DESIGN
PROCESS:
3.7 PRELIMINARIES OF THE DESIGN
3.7.1
MAKING A LED BLINK WITH AT89c51
MICRO-CONTROLLER
3.8 DETAIL
OF DESIGN
3.8.1 MICRO-CONTROLLER
PIN DESCRIPTIONS:
3.8.2 System Reset
3.8.3 OSCILLATOR
CHARACTERISTICS:
3.9 SOFTWARE
DESIGN
3.9
.1 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
3.10 DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS
3.11 PROGRAM
ENTRY AND EDITING
3.12 ASSEMBLING
AND LINKING
3.13 SYSTEM
CONTROL PROGRAM STEPS
3.14 SOFTWARE
FOR THE PROGRAMMER
3.15 SOFT TO
HARD DESIGN
3.16 FLASH
OR EPROM PROGRAMMER.
3.17 USING A
PERSONAL COMPUTER TO PROGRAM THE AT89C51
CHAPTER FOUR
METHODOLOGY
4.1 INFORMATION
GATHERING
4.2 DATA
ANALYSIS
4.2.1 READING
A TABLE OF TECHNICAL DATA FOR LEDS
4.2.2 CALCULATING THE LED RESISTOR VALUE
4.2.3
CALCULATING
THE LOAD CURRENT OF THE RECTIFIER
4.3 SYSTEM DESIGN APPROACHES
4.3.1 TOP – DOWN
4.3.2 BOTTOM-UP
4.4 CHOICE OF DESIGN APPROACHES
4.5 DATA FLOW ARRANGEMENT
4.6 SYSTEM FLOWCHART
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 SUMMARY
OF ACHIEVEMENT
5.2 PROBLEMS
ENCONUTERED AND SOLUTION
5.3 SUGGESTIONS
FOR FURTHER IMPORVEMENT
5.4 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX: ACRONYMS AND THEIR MEANINGS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this project is to
produce a narrative description of the design and construction of a
microcontroller based dot matrix advert display. Firstly computer aided design
is the modeling of physical system on Computers allowing both interactive and
automatic analysis of design variant and the expression of design in a form
suitable for manufacturing. This follows by explaining the microcontroller
based dot matrix advert display as a device which is fast gaining wide
acceptance and application in the present days due to its ability to provide a
very high precision timing. The dot matrix advert display can be describe as an
electro-mechanical system for processing
information in which the information is represented by physical quantities,
which are so constrained to take only discrete values that can be referred to
as binary signals.
In this design we have implored the
use of both hardware and software to bring about the entire project. The
hardware components are solely coordinated by the AT89S51 micro controller chip
while the C- programming language is used to program the chip.
1.1 OBJECTIVE
OF THE PROJECT DESIGN
Depending on ones intention,
microcontroller based dot matrix advert display system have many aims and
objectives.
For instance, this one in particular
aims at displaying a moveable coded letters that says ‘UNIVERSITY CAFETERIA”
Also microcontroller based dot matrix
advert display system can be used to control the traffic misunderstanding among
motorists especially in junctions. This is achieved by displaying stop, get
ready, or move. Some traffic control electronic system displays symbols or
color that represents the stated commands above.
Moreover, microcontroller based dot
matrix advert display system is used in electronic scoreboard during football
matches to display when a goal is scored, also to display the name of that
player who scored the goal. Above all, this system has contributed a lot in
boosting advertisement.
1.2
PREAMBLE
Micro controller programmable Dot
matrix information display system, is a system electronically designed and
constructed, that is used to display different information to the view of the
masses. The information to be displayed could be diagrams, symbols, letters,
colors, numbers, codes, etc depending on what is needed at a particular place
and time. This without doubt, has made life easier for the people in different
ways; however micro-controller, which is the heart of this system, can be
described thus: A micro controller is a computer. All computers, whether we are
talking about a personal desktop computer you are using is a general – purpose
computer that can run any of thousands of programs. Micron-controllers are
special purpose computers. Micro controllers do one thing well. There are a
number of other common characteristics that define micro controllers. If a
computer matches a majority of these characteristics, then you can call it a
micro controller,
1)
Micro
controllers are embedded inside some other device (often a consumer product) so
that they can control the features or actions of the product. Another name for
a micro controller, therefore, is embedded controller
2)
Micro
controllers are dedicated to one task and run one specific program. The program
is stored in ROM (read – only memory) and generally does not change. Micro
controllers are often low power devices. A desktop computer is almost always
plugged into a wall socket and mighty consumes 50 watts of electricity. A
battery-operated micro controller might consume 50 milliwatts.
3)
A
micro controller has a dedicated input device and often (but not always) has a
small LED or LCD display for output. A micro controller also takes input from
the device it is controlling and controls the device. Meanwhile the use of a
micro-controller to implement an electronic display system design made up of
LEDs connected in common cathode matrix form is referred to as micro-controller
based programmable dot matrix information display system. This project design
is a welcome compliment that displays ‘UNIVERSITY CAFETERIA’
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
OF THE PROJECT
Due to the various problems
encountered in the manual/analog design and construction of signposts for
advertisement, there is every need for an automated electronic display system
that will solve this problem. This will ensure that viewers get the adequate
information that is displayed in good and attractive colors. The though the
manual/analog way of displaying information to the view of the people is still
targeted viewer are attracted. The height in which advertisement in Nigeria have
attained will be maintained if some of its design/construction operation is
computerized (Micro controller based information display) especially the one’s
that has to do with bigger companies. This will also maintain the good
relationship between the company and its numerous customers.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project can serve in any aspect
of life this project (microcontroller based dot matrix advert display) is based
on a computer aided design. .
In the implementation of this project, the
scopes that I shall concentrate more on are:
the architecture of the microcontroller port interface, multiplexing the
data port control sequence and algorithm of the traffic light. The features of the
AT89S51 were exploited to achieve the
desired sequence of operation of this project.
1.5 CONSTRAINTS
One
of the obvious constraints I had in the course of this project was the scarcity
of sometimes outright unavailability of some of the required components in the
markets. Since scarcity is followed by a hike in price, when such components
were even found, they were out rightly expensive. Another major constraint I
had was time constraints. I had a relatively short time to source out materials
from net, libraries, etc, fully understand the underlying principles and come
up with a design that would work. As a result, I had to forgo pleasure and even
leisure in order to achieve this.
1.6
BLOCK DIAGRAM OVERVIEW
The entire project given as an overview is shown in
diagrammatically in Fig 1. Below
Fig 1.0: Block Diagram Overview of the project
As the name implies, this project is
micro-controller based, hence a micro-controller called AT89c51 is employed to
serve the purpose with RAM and some other discrete components that are to be
discussed later. In other to reduce the
risk and complications involved in using only discrete components the project
is made up some integrated circuits.
Meanwhile,
this project, microcontroller based dot matrix advert display system has sub
units such as:
· The mains unit.
· The power supply unit
· The switching and timing unit
· The address generators unit
· The memory unit/ Micro-controller
· The drivers unit
Fig 1.1 the block diagram of project
1.7 PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION
Six
chapters were covered in the course of design and development of this project.
The chapters and their contents are as follows:
Chapter one is the introductory
chapter that gives the aim, scope and justification for the project. This part
shows the significant and the justification of this project that is the
literature review of microcontroller dot matrix advert display system and its
components reviewed, also the history of the project and its uses were
discussed. Chapter Two is literature review. It deliberates on different
related works done by several authors with dates. It also discusses on the
limitations of some of these works.
In chapter three, I discussed the practical system
analysis based on what a microcontroller based dot matrix advert display system
will do when fully constructed and installed. Also discussed is the requirement
analysis, which is all the information, gathered form a wide research on microcontroller
based dot matrix advert display board, data analysis, system design approaches,
top-down, bottom-up, choice of design approaches, data flow arrangement and the
system flow chart are also discussed. Chapter four deals with the
design/preliminary design of how the system will achieve its function, all
these are illustrated here in form of circuit diagram to show how the main
system is linked to the sub system or the modules. Also discussed here is the
user interface design that comprises the input design and the output design.
The software design and implementation is also discussed in this chapter. The
choices of programming language, soft-hard, and sub-system implementation is
also discussed here. In chapter five I discussed the system testing and the
appropriate software testing strategy to achieve the expected result and the
actual. The performance evolution is also analyzed here. Also discussed is the
system testing and integration, how the components were tested. The reference
evaluation and cost analysis is also discussed here. Finally the summary of
this project is discussed in detail in chapter six. The contributions of the
project, achievements, and problems for further enhancement, development and
advanced discussions on this topic.
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