TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Dedication
Certification
Acknowledgement
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Block
diagram of an automatic phase changer
1.3
Component
list
CHAPTER TWO-Component description
2.1
comparator
2.2 Zener diode
p.n junction,electron,avalanche diode,avalanche breakdown}
2.3
Rectifier
2.4
Relay
2.5
Transformer
2.6
Capacitor
2.7
Fuse
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
Comparator/voltage
sensor stag.
3.2
Design
calculator
3.3
Oscillator
circuit
3.4
Flip
flop/switching Transistor stage
3.5
Logic
circuit
3.6
Transistor
switching circuit
3.7
Relay
switching circuit
3.8
Output load
terminal
3.9
Methodology
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Working
4.2 Performance evaluation
4.3 Circuit diagram
4.4 Planning of work
4.5 Application
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 Recommendation
5.3 Reference
CHAPTER ONE
Raw power
instability in developing countries creates a need for automation of electrical
power generation or alternative sources of power to back up the utility supply.
This automation is required as the rate of power outage becomes
predominantly high. Most industrial and commercial processes are dependent on
power supply and if it processes of
change-over are manual, serious time is not only wasted but also creates
devices or machine damages from human error during the change-over
connections,which could bring massive losses.The starting of the generator is
done by a relay which switches the battery voltage to ignition coil of the
generator while the main power relay switches the load to either public supply
or generator.Fig 1 shows the generalized block diagram of the system.The
approach used in this work is the moduler approach where the overall design was first
broken into functional block diagrams,where each block in the diagram
represents a section of the circuit that carries out a specific function.The
functional block diagram fig 1 also shows the interconnection between these
blocks.Each section of the block is analyzed below.A manual change-over switch
consists of a manual change over switch
box,switch gear box and cut out fuse or the connected fuse as describe by the
by rocks and Mazur{1993}.This change-over switch box separate the sources
between the generator and public supply when there is power supply outage from
public supply,someone has t go and change the line to generator.Thus when power
supply is restored,someone has to put off the generator and then change the
source line from generator to public supply.
In
view of the above manual change-over switch system that involves man power in
starting the generator and switching over from public supply to generator and
vice-versa when the supply is restored.
The important attached to cases of operation in hospitals and airport in
order to save life from generator as fast as possible makes it important for
the design construction of automatic change-over switch which would solve the
problem of manpower and the danger likely to been countered changeover.
The electronic control monitors the incoming public supply voltage and
detects when the voltage drops below a level that electrical or electronics gadgets
can function depending on the utility.
Fig 1 Block diagram of an automatic change over
switch
COMPONENT LIST
Component name Quality
Step down transformer 3
(Files 22ov - 12v 300mA)
Fuse (F1 - F3 = 5A) 3
IC (IC1 – Ic3 =741) 3
Transistor (T1, T2, T3 = BC 557) 3
Relay (RL1 – RL3 = 12v LC/o Relay) 3
Zener diode CZD1 = ZD3 = 5, 1v 3
Variable resistance (VR4 – VR3 = 10K) 3
Resistance (R1, R2, R4, R5, R7,R8 = 3,3k 9
R3, R6, R9 = 10K)
Diode 9
Capacitor (C1 – C4 = 1000uf 25V 7
C5 – C7 = 470uf 35V)
Wires ACC,
TO
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