ABSTRACT
The rapid growth in technology in the whole world has made things easy both in the industry and economy at large. In the year of 1970 saw the starting invention of the five-phase motor as the milestone in advanced electric motor, through the years, there are many researchers, which passionately worked towards developing for multiphase drive system. They developed a static transformation system to obtain a multiphase supply from the available three-phase supply. This idea gives an influence for further development in electric machine as an example, an efficient solution for bulk power transfer. This paper highlighted the detail descriptions that lead to five-phase supply with fixed voltage and frequency by using Finite-Element method (FEM). Identifying of specifications on a real transformer had been done before applied into software modelling, therefore, finite-Element method provides clearly understandable in terms of visualize the geometry modelling connection scheme and output waveform.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page i
Title page ii
Certification iii
Declaration iv
Dedication v
Acknowledgment vi
Table of contents vii-viii
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
List of Plate xi
Abstract xii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study 1-2
1.2 Statement of Problem 2
1.3 Aims and Objectives 3
1.4. Significance of Study 3
1.5 Limitations of Study 4
1.6 Study Outline 4
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Historical Background 5-7
2.2 Transformer Working Principle 7-8
2.3 Transformer Construction 8-10
2.4 Types of Transformer 10
2.4.1 Types by design 10
2.4.1.1 Core-type transformer 10-11
2.4.1.2 Shell-type transformer 11-15
2.4.2 Types of transformer based on cooling method 15
2.4.2.1 Oil-filled self cooled type 15
2.4.2.2 Oil-filled water cooled type 15-16
2.4.2.3 Air blast type 16
2.5 Transformer Turns Ratio 16
2.6 Transformer Schematic 17
2.7 Multi-phase Transformer 18-19
2.8 Characteristic of Multi-phase Machines 19-20
2.9 Advantages 20-21
2.10 Dimension 21-22
2.11 Phasor Diagram Constructions 22-24
CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Obtaining the Five Phases from a Three-phase Phasor 25-29
3.2 Transformer Winding Turn Ratio and Connection for the
Five-Phase Transformer 30-31
3.3 Transformer Design 31
3.3.1 Magnetic circuit design 32
3.3.2 Electric circuit design 32-33
3.4 Wire Guage 33-34
3.5 Construction 34-35
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Simulated Result 36-37
4.2 Tests 37
4.2.1 Continuity test 37
4.2.2 Short circuit test 37
4.2.3 Voltage magnitude tests 38
4.4 Limitations 38
4.5 Discussion 38-39
4.6 Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME) 39
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion 40-42
5.2 Recommendations 42
References 43-45
LIST OF TABLES
3.1 Turn ratio for primary turns 32
3.2 Turn ratio for secondary turns 33
4.1 Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME) 39
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 Transformer working principle 7
2.2 Transformer coils 8
2.3 Core type transformer cruciform section 11
2.4 Core type transformer 11
2.5 Core type and shell type transformer winding 12
2.6 Shell type transformer rectangular form 12
2.7 Shell type transformers distributed form 13
2.8 Transformer schematic 17
2.9 Block representation of the multi-phase system 18
2.10 Core dimension 21
2.11 Window areas for copper 22
2.12 Phasor representation of the multi-phase transformer connection 23
3.1 The phasor diagram of a three-phase power supply 25
3.2 Derivation of the five phases from the three-phases phasors 27
3.3 Winding connection for the 3-phase to 5-phase transformation 31
4.1 The three-phase input voltage to the transformer 36
4.2 The expected output of the transformer 36
LIST OF PLATE
3.1 Construction process 35
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Conventional power supplies are usually of single phase (with zero angular displacement between the two wires present) type or the three-phase (with 120o angular displacement between each of the three live lines) type. From generation, to transmission and distribution of electricity, the use of three-phase system is well practiced, while most domestic and some commercial places are supplied using single phases. As such, almost all domestic, commercial, and industrial devices make use of single or three-phase devices.
However, of late, multi-phase (more than three) systems have been proposed, and the volume of research in this direction is increasing every day, especially due to the giant strides made in the area of power electronics in the last twenty years. These systems have been found to have interesting advantages over the conventional single and three phase systems of power supply. Investigations are ongoing in the application of multiphase systems in generation, transmission and utilization of electric energy (Basic et al., 2003) and (Singh and Singh, 2012). Some of the advantages that have been observed with multi-phase energy conversion systems include higher power output per volume of iron, better Torque-Ampere characteristics, less total harmonic distortion (THD) of the terminal voltages, higher frequency of torque pulsations (Yussof et al., 2015), leading to better efficiency, among others.
Presently, the major application of multiphase power systems is in energy conversion systems, such as generators, but especially motors. The modeling and analysis of such converter systems have received good attention from researchers. The major challenge with multiphase motors is in developing the power supply that will fit its use. Multiphase motors are usually supplied from ac-dc-ac converters using different schemes of power electronics. The development of the power supply for these systems have received huge research interest (Dujic et al., 2009). The modeling and control of these converters have received most attention in the subject of multiphase electric motor drives.
However, in the pursuit of simpler systems that having pure sinusoidal supply, static transformation systems converting the fixed three-phase from the grid to multiphase power supply system has been proposed (Yussof et al., 2015); (Chennaiah et al., 2014) and (Mysaiah, 2012). It is therefore the intention in this research to investigate the three-phase to five-phase static transformation experimentally.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In view of the complicated design and implementation process of power electronic based converters from the three-phase power supply to multi-phase power supply, and due to the attendant harmonic losses associated with these converters, there is a need to have an experimental investigation of the three-phase to five-phase static transformation system that can supply power to a five-phase electric motors from the fixed three-phase power supply which is available from the grid.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this research work is to develop a 3kVA three-phase to five-phase transformer. The specific objectives are as follows:
i. To develop using vector analysis, the transformer winding connections that will produce the desired five-phase output that will supply the electric motors.
ii. To present the design of the transformer, including the turn ratio of the transformer secondary windings relative to the primary windings.
iii. Using a known 3-phase 3kVA transformer core, to develop a prototype three-phase to five-phase transformer which transforms a three-phase power supply to a five-phase power supply at the same supply voltage and frequency.
iv. To evaluate the performance of the system developed in (iii) above.
v. To make necessary recommendations with respect to the prospects of the three-phase to multi-phase static transformation using transformer technology.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study has a very huge significance to industries requiring high power multi-phase motors which operate at fixed speed. It is hoped that it will present them with a more reliable, more efficient, more cost-effective means of power supply for their motor systems. It is also hoped that this will enhance the penetration and acceptance of multiphase motors in more industries and in some domestic applications, where compactness is of need.
1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The whole design process of the transformer was not considered. Instead, a known transformer core was taken off the shelf and wound according to the electrical design determined in this study. Also, analytical simulations were not performed. The work is purely experimental, with a good explanation of the underlying theory.
1.6 STUDY OUTLINE
This study is presented in five chapters. An introduction to the topic is provided in chapter one, which aims to whet the readers appetite on what to expect from the study. A literature review is presented in chapter two, where the underlying theory and literatures relevant to the topic were discussed. In chapter three, the various design considerations, mathematical tools, and the constriction process is presented. A quantitative evaluation of the performance of the prototype is presented in chapter four, while a conclusion to the work appears in chapter five, along with some recommendations.
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