ABSTRACT
Comparative analysis of pipe borne water and other surface water for human consumption was carried out in this project. the samples were collected from four different sights in Michael Okpara university of Agriculture Umudike, the samples are labeled A, B,C and Sample A was collected from NDDC hostel, sample B from IBB hostel, sample C from GNT college and sample D from MOUAU River. The physical parameter was carried out and the temperature range ranges from the lowest range of 270C and highest range of 280C. The pH level has a lowest level of 5.6 and the highest level of 4.0. The bacteria isolated gave a colony of 2.0 x 102 cfu/ml and maximum of 5.0 x 102 cfu/ml. the samples isolated indicated the presence of five Enterobacteriacae family with their morphological characteristics. The biochemical characteristics of these bacteria was carried out and both negative and positive result were identified. The coliform test and MPN was carried out and the result shows a minimum number of 1 coliform and a maximum number of 35 coliforms. The aim of this research was to isolate, identify and characterize bacteria from pipe borne water, to isolate, identify and characterize bacteria from surface water and to the microbial load of pipe borne water with surface water.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables’ viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
information 1
1.2 Aims
and objective 2
1.3 Statement
of problem 2
1.4 Significance
of study 3
1.5 Limitation 3
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Microbiological
water analysis 4
2.2 Who
drinking water quality standard 4
2.3 Borehole 7
CHAPTER
THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Sample
collection 14
3.2 Method
of sample collection 14
3.3 Analysis
of the samples 15
3.4 pH
testing procedures 15
3.5 Coliform
testing procedures 15
3.6 Confirmatory
test foe fecal coliform 16
3.7 Serial
dilution method 16
3.8 Standard
plate count (SPC) 16
3.9 Biochemical
test 17
CHAPTER
FOUR
RESULTS
4.1 Temperature
and pH of the samples 22
4.2 Total
bacteria count 22
4.3 Biochemical
characteristics of bacteria isolated 22
4.4 Samples
with their respective bacteria isolate 23
4.5 Morphological
characteristics of the bacteria isolated 23
4.6 Reaction
following the analysis of MPN method 23
4.7 Occurrence
of the presumptive coliforms in the tube of MPN 24
CHAPTER
FIVE
DISCUSSION,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Discussion 32
5.2 Conclusion 33
5.3 Recommendation 33
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
4.1 Temperature
and pH of the samples 24
4.2 Total
bacteria count 25
4.3 Biochemical
characteristics of the bacteria isolated 26
4.4 Samples
with their respective bacteria isolates 27
4.5 Morphological
characteristics of the bacteria isolated 28
4.6 Reaction
following the analysis of MPN 29
4.7 Occurrence
of presumptive coliforms in the tube of MPN 30
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATIONS
Following the theory of creation,
water is said to be the as old as man. Right from the ancient days, water has been
useful to man and livestock for domestic and other purposes. Most of water
sources use by living things includes rivers, streams, lake, oceans and seas in
which the bodies can be polluted with domestic, industrial and well as
agricultural waste.
The problem of water pollution
increase as the population increases and this water pollution is said to have a
significant effect on human health as a result of being polluted by fecal
materials which is the potential carrier of pathogenic organism (Carpenter, 1977).
Water is also involved in most of the biochemical reaction that occurs in
metabolism and growth of the living cells.
Water is not for only drinking
purposes rather water serves a numerous purposes for man such as bathing,
washing, laundering, heating, air conditioning, agriculture, stork raising, gardens,
fire protection, industrial processes etc.
Water is broadly divided into three
parts viz: surface water which includes streams, rivers, lakes, seas and oceans.
The ground water, which include well, borehole or tap water, and the
atmospheric water which include rainfalls and snows. All water bodies and algae,
some of these microorganisms are indigenous to thus the water while other
entered into the water from natural environment (Pelezer and Rag, 1997). The bacterial that are mostly found in water
include Microccus archacbacter and Actinomycetes (Gebharal, 1975). Tap water is the most widely used
domestically and it is observed that tap changes sometimes in order to be sure
of its portability, has to be analyzed (Bonde, 1977).
The increase in drinking water from
different source has made necessary to investigate the microbial content of
water. Most of drinking water source are often contaminated with different
pollutants like feces, animal and plant wastes making such water unfit for
drinking if not treated. The pollution of water with pathogenic organisms and
other pollutants can only be detected by carrying out microbiological
assessment of such water. Water pathogens are said to be the causative agent of
typhoid paratyphoid cholera, amobiasis, Trichinosis, Gastroenteritis Salmonella shigellosis, Diphtheria, Giadia, Dracunculus etc. These are said to
be water borne disease.
Through drinking water, these
diseases can spread to the whole community if care is not taking. The possible
way to prevent this outbreak is by carrying out the analysis of water to
determine the microbial load and to check if the number of the microbe is
beyond or below its acceptable limit.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
To isolate, identify, and
characterize bacteria from surface water.
To isolate, identify, and
characterize bacteria from pipe borne water.
To the microbial load of pipe borne
water with surface water.
To identify if the number of microbe
present is acceptable.
1.3
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
These sources of water are
contaminated through one way or the other. The short falls in the distribution
of treated pipe borne water leads people to resort to alternative source of
water which may be unfavorable to human consumption. Tap water can be polluted
through leakages/improper plumbing. Streams can be contaminated through waste
from industries, leaves dust, and rain run often.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The study endures water meets the
standard quality required for any particular purpose.
1.5 LIMITATION
The survey is limited on bacterial flora
only and not all microorganism and only few samples are worked on due to lack
of fund.
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