BROADCAST CAMPAIGNS AND CHILD ABUSE IN AGEGE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE

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ABSTRACT

This study was undertaken to ascertain the Broadcast Campaigns And Child Abuse In Agege Local Government Area using NTA Channel 10, this study was aim at analyzing the extent of Child Abuse among Agege residents, to achieve a credible research work, several instruments were employed, for example to ensure the validity of this  project the entire work was  subjected to scrutiny by communication experts who made valuable corrections. Also in order to achieved a good outcome, a total of 390 questionnaires were administered to members of the public and 383 were completed and returned constituting 98.2% of the total copies distributed. Through this research it was establish that a large number of Children in Agege still under goes Child Abuse ranching from neglect, physical abuse, psychological abuse and sexual abuse. It was also ascertain that broadcast Media institutions need to step up their Campaigns in creating awareness on Child Abuse to the People of Agege. Based on the findings of this research, it is concluded that the campaign on child abuse has a positive influence on how the people of Agege now view children in their environment, and therefore the campaign on child abuse has positive influence on child’s protection, child value therefore public awareness remain and important part in our societal growth.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents                                                                                                                     Page

Title Page                   -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           i
Declaration    -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           ii

Certification              -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           iii

Dedication                 -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           iv

Acknowledgements -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           v

Table of Contents     -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           vi

Abstract                     -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           vii

List of Tables -           -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           viii

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the study -   -           -           -           -           -            -           -           1

1.1.1   Eket Local Government Area          -           -           -           -                        -           4

1.2       Statement of the Problem -           -           -           -           -            -           -           7

1.3       Objectives of the Study  -    -           -           -           -           -            -           -           8

1.4       Research Questions -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           9

1.5       Hypothesis     -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           9

1.6       Justification of the Study  -             -           -           -           -            -           -           10

1.7       Delimitations of the Study  -           -           -           -           -            -           11

1.8       Limitations of the Study -    -           -           -           -           -            -           -           11

1.9       Definition of Terms  -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           12

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1       Review of Concepts /Opinions -     -           -           -           -            -           -           13

2.1.2   The Concept of Child Abuse  -        -           -           -           -            -           -           15

2.1.3   Dimensions of Child Abuse-            -           -           -           -            -           -           17

2.1.4   Parental Income and the effect on the Physical  well-being of the Child    20

2.1.5   Consequences of Child Abuse  -     -           -           -           -            -           -           24

2.1.6   Impact of Media Campaign on Child Abuse -       -           -            -           -           25

2.1.7   Broadcast Media and Attitude  Change Toward Child Abuse  -           -           27

2.2       Review of Related Studies  -           -           -           -           -            -           -           31

2.3       Theoretical Frameworks  -  -           -           -           -           -            -           -           33

2.3.1   Agenda Setting Theory  -     -           -           -           -           -            -           -           33

2.3.2   Social Responsibility Theory -         -           -           -           -            -           -           34

 

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1       Research Design       -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           36

3.2       Population of the Study  -   -           -           -           -           -            -           -           37

3.3       Sample Size   -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           37

3.4       Sampling Procedures  -        -           -           -           -           -            -           -           38

3.5       Description of Research Instruments  -     -           -           -            -           -           38

3.6       Validity of Research Instruments- -           -           -           -            -           -           39

3.7       Method of Data Collection -           -           -           -           -            -           -           39

3.8       Method of Data Analysis  -  -           -           -           -           -            -           -           40

 

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1       Data Presentation and Analysis  -  -           -           -           -            -           -           41

4.2       Test of hypothesis    -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           51

4.3       Discussion of Findings -       -           -           -           -           -            -           -           52

 

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1       Summary of findings -          -           -           -           -           -            -           -           56

5.2       Conclusion  -  -           -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           58

5.3       Recommendations - -           -           -           -           -           -            -           -           58

References

Appendix 1 (Questionnaire)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

 

1.1      Background of the study

The Nigerian society and indeed African societies in general highly values children. This is because of the intrinsic and emotional satisfaction children offer their parents as well as the instrumental role they play in lineage and kinship matters. Moreover, God sees the need of sending children to parent for the purpose of multiplication, joy and happiness in the home. The birth of a child is thus celebrated in the society, in many circumstances, with joy, songs and dance Kisekka (2001) asserts that in Nigeria, the first  year of a child’s life is certainly a centre of attention. He is often carried on the back, curdled, bathed and talked to by an array of old relations. The child, therefore, rarely eats plays as well as sleeps alone.

Okwara (2005) notes that a child is a valuable gift from God and every ethnic group in Nigerian puts high value on children. In spite of this, it is unfortunate that some children have been exposed to abuse and neglect. Okolo (2008) reports that in several Nigerian communities, children are rejected and sometimes sent to the streets to fend for themselves and learn how to survive on their own. Bidemi and Adefuye (2007) are of the view that it has always been their custom for children to help their parents work.

Children of trader would assist their parents to sell their goods; those of farmer would help them on the farm. Today, the perception has changed drastically as adult supervision of the children has reduced in several cases.

The child is now sent into the streets and highways alone. Sometimes to the market to sell goods, he is battered, under-nourished, poorly clothed and often abuse takes forms which include: beating with the hand, beating with available instruments, kicking and knocking on hard objects, strangling and suffocating, stabbing on slashing drowning, burning, poisoning, deliberate neglect, exposure, hawking, lock in, starvation and education deprivation. All these practices expose the child to injuries and emotional tensions that do not allow for their effective growth and development.

Fontona (2010) states that in America alone, between 50,000 and 70,000 incidents of child abuse and neglect occur yearly. De Francis (2009) also reports that in London. 10,000 children are severally battered, 5,000 to 7,500 sexually abused, 1,000 neglected every year. Gesinde (2007) notes that accurate statistics on child abuse in Nigeria are currently unavailable. However, its existence has been reported by Ifeyinwa (2002), Dunapo (2000) and Bukoye (2000). Thus, in Nigeria, the prevalence of  child abuse appears higher  than it does in the United States of America. Britain is reported by Wisdom (2007) as having the lowest figures of child abuse and neglect among  the first world nations.

Child abuse is defined in various ways by various people. The royal college of Psychiatrists (2004) asserts that child abuse is a term when an adult harms a child or young person under the age of 18. Wisdom (2007) defines it as the physical, psychological or sexual maltreatment to a child’s physical, moral or mental well-being. It also means physical abuses, sexual abuse and neglect which may result in bruises, broken bones, permanent physical of developmental impairment, and emotional trauma or death. The African network for the prevention and projection against child abuse and neglect (ANPPCAN) (2009) defines abuse as the unintended as well as intended acts and to danger the physical, emotional, moral and educational welfare of the child. Chalk, Gibbons and Scarnpa (2002) are of view that when child abuse occurs with child neglects, they are collectively called child maltreatment.

The media, particularly the broadcast media, have been part of the campaign against child abuse. If that is so, it is probable that the electronic media in the state have also been part of the campaign and would probably have some kinds of influence on the audience especially the people of Agege. It is on this note that the study out to ascertain the influence of the broadcast media on the campaign against child abuse in Agege Local Government Area of Lagos State.

 

1.1      The History of Agege Local Government Area        

Agege is one of the oldest and most historically significant local government areas in Lagos State, Nigeria. Its history is deeply rooted in the socio-economic and cultural development of Lagos.

The name “Agege” is believed to have originated from the Yoruba word “Aje Gbe”, meaning “wealth dwells here,” which refers to the area's prosperity from farming and trade. Historically, Agege was a rural settlement occupied primarily by the Awori people, a sub-group of the Yoruba ethnic group. The Awori people engaged in farming, fishing, and trading, benefiting from the fertile land and strategic location.

During the colonial era, Agege gained prominence due to its rich agricultural activities, particularly in cocoa and kola nut production. The expansion of the Lagos-Ibadan railway line in the early 20th century further boosted the area's economy by facilitating the transportation of farm produce to Lagos and beyond. This attracted migrants from different parts of Nigeria, including the Egba and Hausa communities, who played significant roles in trade and commerce.

The establishment of the Agege Central Mosque and other religious institutions reflected the growing population and cultural diversity of the area. The railway development also contributed to the rise of Agege as a commercial hub, as traders and artisans settled in the town to take advantage of economic opportunities.

After Nigeria gained independence in 1960, Agege continued to expand due to urbanization and migration from rural areas. The construction of modern roads, markets, and housing estates made Agege a major residential and commercial area. The popular Agege Main Market and Abattoir (Oko-Oba) became key centers of economic activity.

In 1980, Agege was officially designated as a local government area (LGA), separating it from the former Ikeja Local Government. This administrative change allowed for more focused governance and infrastructure development, leading to the construction of schools, hospitals, and public facilities.

Today, Agege is one of the most densely populated areas in Lagos State. It is known for its vibrant street markets, transport hubs, and educational institutions, including the Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM). The famous “Agege Bread,” a soft and fluffy loaf, has become a cultural symbol beyond Lagos.

Despite challenges such as congestion and infrastructure deficits, Agege remains a significant part of Lagos’ socio-economic landscape. The local government continues to invest in road networks, sanitation, and youth empowerment programs to improve the quality of life for residents.

From its origins as a rural settlement to its growth into a bustling urban center, Agege has played a crucial role in the history and development of Lagos State. Its strategic location, rich agricultural past, and economic dynamism make it a key part of Nigeria’s commercial and cultural history.

 

1.2      Statement of the Problem

On a daily basis, children are seen hawking various kinds of wares along busy streets. At times they do so or when it is drizzling some of the children are sent out to the streets, motor parks or market with heavy loads immediately after school to hawk. Sometime they are instructed not to return home until whatever they have to sell is exhausted. This they do even late in the evening every day, before they will be retired homes obviously tried and worn out. Parents and guardians are known to beat up their children, at times so severely as to cause bodily harm and injuries.

All this happens in spite of the campaign in the broadcast media against child abuse. Is it that the people of Agege are not exposed to these media campaigns in a way that could influence the people? This has given rise to this study in order to ascertain the influence of the broadcast media on the campaign against child abuse in Agege Local Government Area.

 

1.3      Objectives of the Study

 This study hopes to achieve the following objectives:

1.    Assess the level of exposure of residents of Agege to broadcast media campaign against child abuse in Agege Local Government Area:

2.    Ascertain the attitude of the people of Agege towards the campaign against child abuse in Agege Local Government Area:

3.    Find out if the broadcast media campaign against child abuse has any influence on the people of Agege Local Government Area:

4.    Determine the nature of the influence of the broadcast media campaign against child abuse on the people of Agege Local Government Area:

 

1.4     Research Questions

The study has the following research questions:

1.    What is the level of exposure of the people of Agege Local Government Area to the broadcast media campaign against child abuse?

2.    What are the attitudes of the people of Agege Local Government Area towards the broadcast media campaign against child abuse?

3.    Does broadcast media campaign against child abuse have any influence on the people of Agege Local Government Area?

4.    What is  the nature of influence of the broadcast media campaign against child abuse on the people of Agege Local Government Area?


1.5     Research Hypothesis

Hi      Broadcast Campaign as no effect on Child Abuse in Agege Local Government Area.

 

Ho     Broadcast Campaign as a positive effect on Child Abuse in Agege Local Government Area.

 

Hi      The degree of Broadcast Campaign on Child Abuse  does not determined a positive outcome.

 

Ho     The degree of Broadcast Campaign on Child Abuse is determine factor for positive result.

 

1.6     Justification of the Study

Findings of this study will be beneficial in the following ways should the findings show that people have little or no exposure; the authorities can intensify the campaign, diversifying their strategies to get to their target.

Findings should find out if their messages get to the right persons, if so they can sustain; if not do a self-assessing and re-strategies. From the findings, media should determine if the audience understand their message or not and therefore take appropriate action.

Findings should add to the body of knowledge on the subject and serves as reference to the future researchers on the subject.

Since Agege is about the same as other Local government Areas in Lagos State and Nigeria, the findings could be generalized for other Local Government Areas in the country.


1.7      Delimitations of the Study

This study is restricted to an investigation of the influence of broadcast media campaign against child abuse in Agege Local Government Area. Hence, it does not involve any other issues except child abuse. One broadcast media was used, which is Nigerian Television Authority (NTA). The audience for this study are parents and care givers in Agege Local Government Area.

 

1.8      Limitations of the Study

Like all human endeavours, the process of carrying out this study was not smooth sailing. It had its limitation. One constraint that dragged out the work was respondent’s resentment to answering questions. This limitation did not necessarily restrict the finding of this study as concerted effort was made to persuade them that it was simply for the purpose of academics.

Another limitation was the failure of some respondents to complete and return the questionnaire for this work. However, the copies of the questionnaire not returned were few and therefore insignificant to affect the generalization of the results of this study.

 

1.9      Definition of Terms

Child: Child means a person under the age of sixteen years (Section 277 of the Lagos State Child Right law, 2008).

Child Abuse: Child abuse means harming a child in a physical, sexual or emotional, psychologically and neglect.

Broadcast Campaign: The message/action transmitted by media houses in Lagos State.

 

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