Abstract
Assessing the attitude and knowledge of people toward the
effect of measles in kila, gwaram local government, jigawa state . This study investigates the attitude and practice
of solid waste disposal among the inhabitants of Dutse Metropolis. The main
objective was to assess residents’ awareness, perceptions, and behaviors
related to waste management, as well as the factors influencing proper disposal
practices. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were
collected using structured questionnaires administered to a sample of
inhabitants selected through simple random sampling. The findings revealed that
while a significant proportion of residents recognized the importance of proper
waste disposal, a considerable number still engaged in improper practices, such
as open dumping and burning of waste. Factors contributing to poor waste
management included inadequate waste disposal facilities, lack of public
awareness programs, and limited enforcement of sanitation regulations. The
study concludes that improving residents’ attitudes and practices towards solid
waste disposal requires a combination of community education, provision of
adequate waste management infrastructure, and effective regulatory enforcement.
Recommendations are provided to guide local authorities and stakeholders in
promoting sustainable waste management practices in Dutse Metropolis.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Pages
Title page…………………….……….………..………………………………… i
Approval page………………….…….…….……………………….…………… ii
Declaration page………………..…………………………………….………..… iii
Certification………………………………………………………….…..……… iv
Dedication………………………………..………….……………….…………… v
Acknowledgement……………………………..………………….…………...… vi
Table of content……………………..………………………………………..… vii
Abstract……………………………………………………..…………..……….. ix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study- - - - - - - -1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - -3
1.3 Objectives of the Study - - - - - - - -5
1.4 Research Questions - - - - - - - -5
1.5 Significance of the Study - - - - - - - -5
1.6 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - -6
1.6.1 Limitation of the Study - - - - - - - -6
1.7 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - -7
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Introduction - - - - - - - - -8
2.2 Concept of
Solid Waste Disposal - - - - - - -8
2.2.2 Health Hazards of Improper
Solid Waste Disposal - - - -10
2.2.1 Solid Waste and
Environmental Implications - - - - -11
2.2.3 Socio-Economic Impacts - - - - - - -11
2.2.5 The Situation in Dutse
Metropolis - - - - - -12
2.3 REVIEW OF
EMPIRICAL STUDIES - - - - - -13
2.2.4 Waste Management Practices
in Nigeria - - - - -12
2.3.1 Attitude Toward Solid Waste Disposal - - - - - -16
2.3.2 Major Sources and Types of Solid Waste - - - - -17
2.3.3 Practice of Solid Waste Disposal - - - - - -18
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design - - - - - - - - -19
3.2 Population of the Study - - - - - - - -19
3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique - - - - - -19
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection - - - - - - -20
3.5 Validation of Instrument - - - - - - - -20
3.6 Reliability of the Instrument - - - - - - -20
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - -22
4.2
Presentation and Analysis - - - - - - -22
4.3 Respondents’ Views on Solid Waste Disposal
Practices - - - -22
4.4 Summary of Findings - - - - - - - -27
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary - - - - - - - - - -28
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - - - - -28
5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - - -29
References - - - - - - - - -31
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Solid
waste management is one of the critical environmental challenges facing
developing nations. Improper disposal of solid waste has been a persistent
problem in many urban areas, leading to environmental degradation, poor
sanitation, spread of diseases, and overall decline in the quality of life of
inhabitants. Dutse metropolis, the capital of Jigawa State, has witnessed rapid
urbanization and population growth in recent years. This has led to increased
waste generation without corresponding improvement in waste management
infrastructure. According to (World Health Organization (WHO, 2020)], improper
disposal of waste contributes to air pollution, water contamination, and the
spread of infectious diseases such as cholera, malaria, and typhoid fever.
Man
must essentially generate waste. It follows therefore that regardless of the
social and economic status, mankind must produce wastes of various forms such
as gases, liquids and solids (Adedibo, 2008). Gaseous and liquid wastes arise
from industrial wastes such as polluted water and carbon (II) oxide as a by-
product of diesel oil used in industries as alternative for generation of
electricity. Solid waste which is one of the sources and causes of
environmental pollution has been defined under Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA), 2002 as any solid, semi-solid, liquid or contained gaseous
materials discarded from industrial. commercial, mining, medical, agricultural
and domestic activities. Solid wastes also include garbage, construction
debris, commercial refuse. sludge management refers to the collection,
transfer, treatment, recycling, resource recovery and disposal of solid waste
generated in urban areas (Tage et al, 2017).
The
essence of waste management is to maintain acceptable environmental quality,
sound public health, and creation of aesthetic value. Health impact of solid
waste in the environment includes exposure to toxic chemicals through air,
water and soil media besides exposure to infection and biological contaminants
stress-related odour, noise, vermin and visual amenity, risks of fire,
explosion, and subsidence (Dolk, 2002). The World Health Organization (WHO)
defined health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease. Hence, a person exposed to filth may not
be sick outright but his well-being may be compromised. (Adelagan, 2001).
Several studies carried out in Nigeria, India and Egypt indicate the presence
of health problems amongst solid waste pickers and those living in close
proximity to dump sites ( Huges et al., 2016).
There
is a direct link between poor urban solid waste management and public health,
especially in terms of water-related diseases such as, dysentery, cholera and
typhoid (Adelagan, 2001). In most developing countries of the world like
Nigeria, 80 percent of urban solid wastes are disposed of by dumping in open
spaces. Research studies also suggest contamination of ground water by
diseasecausing organisms, as water seeping through dumps is likely to include
viruses of poliomyelitis, hepatitis and gastroenteritis (Lakshmikantha, 2006).
Thus. such water contamination may have a long ternm health implication apart
from the immediate ones like diarrhoea and dysentery. Also insects, pests and
rodents around dump sites act as vectors to many infectious diseases.
Indiscriminate
dumping of refuse on streets, open drainages, and unauthorized sites not only
pollutes the environment but also contributes to the outbreak of communicable
diseases such as cholera, malaria, and typhoid fever. This study therefore
seeks to examine the effect of improper solid waste disposal on the health,
environment, and socio-economic wellbeing of inhabitants of Dutse metropolis.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite
efforts by government and community leaders to promote environmental
sanitation, improper disposal of solid waste remains prevalent in Limawa. Heaps
of refuse are commonly found in residential areas, marketplaces, and near water
sources. Such practices contribute to environmental pollution, blockage of
drainages, and the breeding of vectors such as flies, mosquitoes, and rodents.
This has led to frequent outbreaks of diseases such as malaria, typhoid,
diarrhea, and cholera in the community. The persistence of this problem raises
questions about the level of awareness, attitudes, and capacity of residents
toward proper waste management. Salam (2010) further add that solid waste
disposal sites are found on the outskirts of the urban areas, turning into the
child sources of contamination due to the incubation and proliferation of
flies, mosquitoes, and rodents; that, in turn, are disease transmitters that
affect population's health, which has its organic defenses in a formative and
creative state. The said situation produces gastrointestinal, dermatological,
respiratory, genetic, and several other kind of infectious diseases. Consequently,
dumping sites have a very high economic and social cost in the public health
services, and have not yet been estimated by governments, industries,and
families (Salam, 2010).
The
consequence is evident in blocked drainages, flooding, foul odor, increased
incidence of vector-borne diseases, and general deterioration of environmental
quality. These issues pose risks to public health and negatively affect the
wellbeing of residents. There is therefore a need to critically investigate the
effects of improper solid waste disposal on the inhabitants of Dutse
metropolis.
1.3
Objectives of the Study
Aim
The
main aim of the study is to assess the effects of improper solid waste disposal
on the inhabitants of Dutse metropolis.
Specific Objectives
- To determine
attitude of inhabitant of Dutse metropolis toward solid waste
- To identify
the major sources and types of solid waste generated in Dutse metropolis.
- To
examine the methods of solid waste disposal commonly practiced by
residents.
- To identify the level of
practice of solid waste disposal among inhabitant of dute metropolis
1.4
Research Questions
- What
are the major sources and types of solid waste generated in Dutse
metropolis?
- What
disposal methods are commonly adopted by residents?
- What
are the health and environmental consequences of improper solid waste
disposal on inhabitants?
1.5 Significance of the Study
This
study is significant because it will create awareness about the dangers of
improper solid waste disposal on the health and wellbeing of Limawa residents.
It will provide useful information to policymakers, environmental health
officers, and local government authorities to strengthen waste management
strategies. The findings will also benefit residents by encouraging community participation
and responsibility in maintaining a clean and healthy environment. Furthermore,
it will serve as a reference material for future researchers who may wish to
study similar environmental challenges.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This
study is specifically designed to investigate the effects of improper solid
waste disposal on the inhabitants of Dutse Metropolis. It will focus on
identifying the major causes of improper waste disposal, its environmental and
health impacts, and the perception of residents towards waste management
practices. The research will cover selected residential areas, markets,
drainage channels, and public places within Dutse Metropolis to provide a
comprehensive understanding of the problem. Attention will be given to the role
of government agencies, environmental laws, and community participation in
managing solid waste. The study will also explore possible strategies for
improving waste management practices in the metropolis.
1.6.1 Limitation of the Study
The
study may face some limitations such as insufficient data due to the reluctance
of some residents to provide information on waste disposal practices. Financial
constraints and limited time may also restrict the extent of fieldwork and data
collection. However, every effort will be made to ensure that these limitations
do not significantly affect the quality and reliability of the research.
1.7 Definition of Terms
- Solid
Waste:
Unwanted solid materials such as household garbage, industrial waste, and
refuse from markets and streets.
- Waste
Management:
The collection, transportation, processing, and disposal of waste in a
manner that does not harm human health or the environment.
- Improper
Waste Disposal:
The careless dumping of refuse in unauthorized places such as roadsides,
open spaces, and water channels.
- Inhabitants: The residents or people living
within Dutse Metropolis.
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