TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv-vi
Table
of Contents vii-viii
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1
Background to the Study 1-3
1.2
Statement of the
Problem 3
1.3
Purpose of Study 4
1.4
Research Questions 4-5
1.5
Research Hypotheses 5
1.6
Significance of the
Study 5
1.7
Scope of the Study 6
1.8
Delimitation of the
Study 6
1.9
Definition of Terms 6
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1
Concept
of Political Participation 7-11
2.2
Type of Political
Participation 11-13
2.3
Forms of Political
Participation 13-20
2.4
Factors Affecting
Political Participation 20-24
CHAPTER THREE: Research
Methodology
3.0 Introduction 25
3.1
Research Design 25
3.2
Population of the Study 25
3.3
Sample 26
3.4
Sampling Techniques 26
3.5
Research Instrument and
Instrumentation 26
3.6
Administration of
Instrument 27
3.7
Validity of Instrument 27
3.8
Method of Data analysis 27
CHAPTER FOUR: Data Analysis
and interpretation
4.0
Introduction 28
4.1
Research Question 1 28-30
4.2
Research Question 2 30-32
4.3
Research Question 3 33-35
4.4
Discussion of result 35-36
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary,
Recommendation and Conclusion
5.1
Summary 37
5.2
Recommendation 38
5.3
Conclusion 38
Bibliography 39
Appendix 40-42
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Political participation includes
the political activities of citizens aimed at influencing the political process.
Such participation could be either in an individual or group basis. The
political process may be the ways, directions and methods of governance or the
input of the outcomes of the process. The political activities that may involve
their participation: selection of leaders, influencing decision of government
and the process of governance. (Okafor 2002).
Political participation includes
those action of private cities by which they seek to influence or support government
and politics. Political participation could either be conventional or orthodox
and unconventional or unorthodox. Writing on convention and non-conventional political
participation. Janda et. al. state as
follows:-
Conventional
participation is relatively routine behavior that uses the institutions
channels of representative government, especially campaigning for candidates
and voting in elections. Unconventional participation is relatively uncommon
behavior that challenges or relatively Government channels (and this is
personally distressful to participations and their opponents)
Thus, conventional participation
is legal, constitutional, acceptable and normal. Activities here may include
voting, campaigns and attendance to party meetings, expressing political
opinions, standing for elections,
registration as a party member and as a voter for an election contesting for
elective offices, party funding. These activities are in consonance with the
normal political process. Unconventional political participation includes those
activities that are not acceptable, not regarded as lawful and legal, not
sanctioned or not normal. They include such activities as riots, strikes,
violent, demonstration, arson, boycotts, rebellion, terrorism, cultism,
protests, and the like. It is felt that a higher propensity for the emergence
of unconventional participation is accentuated by the existence of narrow or
very limited conventional modes. For people to express their feelings and be heard
under a trained mode they have to resort to unconventional approaches.
Conventional (orthodox) political
participation is of two fold. There could be supportive participation or influencing
participation. Under the supportive dimension, our citizens express allegiance
or loyalty to the state and government. Examples include singing the national
anthem, reciting the national pledge or making reference to such symbols as the
national flag and the coat of arms, turning out for voting purpose, etc.
The influencing dimension is
concerned with efforts to modify or reverse government policy to suit political
interests. Examples include trying to secure some benefits from government,
asking for special social or welfare services from the government such as
setting up a health canter, construction or rehabilitation of roads, sitting, a
public school or police post. e. t. c.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
From the above background of
study, political participation is the vehicle through which citizens of a given
society communicate their interests, demands, desires, support and or
proposition to the authoritative decisions of the superstructure. However it
seems the levels of people participation in politics are narrow may be due to
the assertion that “politics is a dirty game”. Since 2003, democracy has come
to be regarded as the source for political
participation active towards rural direction. Therefore,
this study would seek to find solutions to the following
problem:-
i.
Low
level of education.
ii.
The
culture of corruption.
iii.
Parochial
political culture.
iv.
Subject
political culture.
v.
Primordial
sentiment and low socio-economic development.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
study has the following objectives:
v
To
find out how low level of education has
declined the level of political
participation in ruralities of Ojo
v
To
find out the culture of corruption whether or not, it has contribution to the
level of political participation in ruralities
of Ojo.
v
To
determine whether or not the level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo area due to subject political
culture.
v
To
investigate low socio-economic development ruralities
of Ojo.
v
To
advance solution to the above identified problems.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
The research questions to be
investigated are:
i.
What
is the profile cause of low level of education in ruralities of Ojo?
ii. Can culture of corruption affect
political participation in ruralities of Ojo?
iii. Can parochial political culture
contribute to the level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo?
iv. Is there any measure to be used
to determine subject political culture in political participation in Ruralities
of Ojo?
v.
What
is the consequence of low socio-economic development on ruralities of Ojo?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
To guide the study, the following
null research hypotheses were raised to
be tested:
i.
Low
level of education cannot be significantly responsible for the level of
political participation in ruralities of
Ojo.
ii.
Culture
of corruption cannot affect level of political participation in ruralities of
Ojo.
iii.
Parochial
political culture cannot contribute to low level of political participation in
ruralities of Ojo.
iv.
Low
socio-economic development cannot be significantly responsible for level of
political participation in ruralities of Ojo.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study
will encourage active participation of individuals in the political process of
their community. The study will also make the citizens to share in governance
through expression of consent, choice,
rejection of the leader and certain policies considers obnoxious. Through
participation, the citizen makes some input in governance through the
expression of demands, preferences, orientations, judgments and political process.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is the
level of political participation of
the ruralities in Ojo local government area of Lagos state. The scope was chosen due to the
low level of political participation of the people in the area and individual
development.
1.8
DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study will be limited to the
ruralities in Ojo local government area
of Lagos state
on the level of political participation
in 2008-2009.
1.9
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.
Influence: Power to produce an effect, esp.
on character, beliefs or action.
2.
Political
Participation: Is the involvement of individual
in political activities. It can be through electional activities covers voting,
campaigns, seeking to persuade others to vote for a given candidate or party.
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