TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Research Hypotheses
1.5 Scope of Study
1.6
Significance
of the Study
1.7
Delimitation
of the Study
1.8
Definition
of Terms
References
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1
Concept
of Political Participation
2.2 Types of Political Participation
2.3 Forms of Political Participation
2.4 Factors Affecting Political Participation.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research Design
3.2
Population
Of Study
3.3
Sample
3.4
Sampling
Techniques
3.5 Research Instrument and Instrumentation
3.6 Administration of Instrument
3.7 Validity of Instrument
3.8
Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTRERPRETATION
4.1 Introduction
4.2
Research
Question 1
4.2 Research Question 2
4.3 Research Question 3
4.4 Discussion of Results
CHAPTER
FIVE
SUMMARY,
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1
Summary
5.2
Recommendations
5.3
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix - Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Political
participation includes the political activities of citizens aimed at influencing
the political process. Such participation could be either in an individual or
group basis. The political process may be the ways, directions and methods of
governance or the input of the outcomes of the process. The political
activities that may involve their participation: selection of leaders,
influencing decision of government and the process of governance. Okafor &
Okeke (2008).
Political
participation includes those action of private cities by which they seek to
influence or support government and politics. Political participation could
either be conventional or orthodox and unconventional or unorthodox. Writing on
convention and non-conventional political participation. Janda etal state as follows:-
Thus, conventional
participation is legal, constitutional, acceptable and normal. Activities here
may include voting, campaigns and attendance to party meetings, expressing
political opinions, standing for
elections, registration as a party member and as a voter for an election
contesting for elective offices, party funding. These activities are in
consonance with the normal political process. Unconventional political participation
includes those activities that are not acceptable, not regarded as lawful and
legal, not sanctioned or not normal. They include such activities as riots,
strikes, violent, demonstration, arson, boycotts, rebellion, terrorism,
cultism, protests, and the like. It is felt that a higher propensity for the
emergence of unconventional participation is accentuated by the existence of
narrow or very limited conventional modes. For people to express their feelings
and be heard under a trained mode they have to resort to unconventional
approaches.
Conventional
(orthodox) political participation is of two fold. There could be supportive
participation or influencing participation. Under the supportive dimension, our
citizens express allegiance or loyalty to the state and government. Examples
include singing the national anthem, reciting the national pledge or making
reference to such symbols as the national flag and the coat of arms, turning
out for voting purpose, etc.
The
influencing dimension is concerned with efforts to modify or reverse government
policy to suit political interests. Examples include trying to secure some
benefits from government, asking for special social or welfare services from
the government such as setting up a health canter, construction or
rehabilitation of roads, sitting, a public school or police post. e. t. c.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
From
the above background of study, political participation is the vehicle through
which citizens of a given society communicate their interests, demands,
desires, support and or proposition to the authoritative decisions of the
superstructure. However it seems the levels of people participation in politics
are narrow may be due to the assertion that “politics is a dirty game”. Since
2003, democracy has come to be regarded as the source for political
participation active towards rural direction. Therefore, this study would seek
to find solutions to the following
problem:-
i.
Low level of education.
ii.
The culture of corruption.
iii.
Parochial political culture.
iv.
Subject political culture.
v.
Primordial sentiment and low
socio-economic development.
1.3 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
research questions to be investigated are:
i.
What is the profile cause of low level
of education in ruralities of Ojo?
ii.
Can culture of corruption affect
political participation in ruralities of Ojo?
iii.
Can parochial political culture
contribute to the level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo?
iv.
Is there any measure to be used to
determine subject political culture in political participation in Ruralities of
Ojo?
v.
What is the consequence of low
socio-economic development on ruralities of Ojo?
1.4 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
To
guide the study, the following null research hypotheses were raised to be
tested:
i.
Low level of education cannot be
significantly responsible for the level of political participation in
ruralities of Ojo.
ii.
Culture of corruption cannot affect
level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo.
iii.
Parochial political culture cannot
contribute to low level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo.
iv.
Low socio-economic development cannot be
significantly responsible for level of political participation in ruralities of
Ojo.
1.5 SCOPE
OF STUDY
The
scope of this study is the level of political
participation of the ruralities in Ojo local government area of Lagos
state. The scope was chosen due to the low level of political participation of
the people in the area and individual development.
1.9 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this study will encourage active participation of individuals
in the political process of their community. The study will also make the
citizens to share in governance through expression of consent, choice, rejection of the leader and certain
policies considers obnoxious. Through participation, the citizen makes some
input in governance through the expression of demands, preferences,
orientations, judgments and political
process.
1.10 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The
study will be limited to the ruralities in Ojo local government area of Lagos state on the level of political participation in 2008-2009.
1.11 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.
Influence:
Power to produce an effect, esp. on character,
beliefs or action.
2.
Political Participation: Is
the involvement of individual in political activities. It can be through electional
activities covers voting, campaigns, seeking to persuade others to vote for a
given candidate or party.
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