INSTALLATION OF A 1KVA INVERTER WITH TWO 150W SOLAR PANELS AND 220AH BATTERY TO THE MACHINE LAB IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

ABSTRACT

Solar panels harness the sun's energy in the form of light and convert the energy into electricity. Although the average consumer might associate solar panels with residential rooftop assemblies, solar panels are available for a wide range of applications, including powering individual gadgets, electronic devices and vehicle batteries. The objective of this project is to install a backup power supply in the machine lab in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department. It's aim is to work when there is a power failure.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                                                                   Page

Title page                                                                                                                          i

Declaration page                                                                                                           ii

Approval page                                                                                                              iii

Dedication                                                                                                                      iv

Acknowledgement                                                                                                       v

Table of content                                                                                                           vi

List of figures                                                                                                                  x

List of tables                                                                                                                  xi

List of abbreviation                                                                                                    xii

Abstract                                                                                                                        xiii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study                                                                                  01

             2.4.1   Total size of PV array                                                                     06

              2.4.2   Type of module                                                                               06                      

             2.4.3   Temperature                                                                                     07        

              2.4.4   Shade                                                                                                  07

2.5   Different type of solar electric energy system                                        07  

             2.5.1   Grid-tied solar power system                                                       07

             2.5.2   Off-grid solar power system                                                         07

            2.5.3   Hybrid solar power system                                                           08

2.6   Review of related work                                                                                  08

2.7   Present work                                                                                                      11

2.8   Comparative analysis                                                                                      11

2.9   Area of application                                                                                           11

2.10 Conclusion                                                                                                          11

CHAPTER THREE

INSTALLATION

3.1  Introduction                                                                                                        12

3.2  Pre installation                                                                                                   12

3.3  Installation work                                                                                                12

3.4  Inverter Installation                                                                                          13

3.5  Mounting option                                                                                               13

3.6  Safety consideration on mounting                                                               13

3.7  Tools and materials used in installation                                                     14

3.8  Load analysis                                                                                                       14

3.9  Determining the number of battery required                                     15

3.10 Components of an inverter                                                               15

3.11 Principle of Operation                                                                      16

3.12 Output section                                                                                   17

3.13 Conclusion                                                                                        17

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULT

4.1  Introduction                                                                                                        18

4.2  Testing                                                                                                                  18

4.3  Result                                                                                                                    19

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1  Conclusion                                                                                                           20

5.2  Recommendation                                                                                              20

        REFERENCE                                                                                                          21

        APPENDIX                                                                                                            22

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE                                                                                                                    PAGE

Fig 1.1                Block diagram of a solar inverter                                            03

Fig 1.2                Block diagram of an inverter                                                                                                                                                 04

Fig 3.1                Fig 3.1 Pictorial View Of An Inverter And A Battery    13

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE                                                                                                                       PAGE

Table 3.1                        Load Analysis                                                                     15

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

PV                                       -           Photovoltaic

D.C                                     -           Direct Current

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Solar panels harness the sun's energy in the form of light and convert the energy into electricity. Although the average consumer might associate solar panels with residential rooftop assemblies, solar panels are available for a wide range of applications, including powering individual gadgets, electronic devices and vehicle batteries.

              1.1.1    Cells, Panels and Arrays

The smallest unit of a solar panel is the solar cell, also called a photovoltaic, or PV cell; it's the individual PV cell that turns sunlight into electricity. Individual cells arranged in a group are called a "module" or panel; a collection of two or more panels is called an array. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the typical residential or business solar panel holds approximately 40 cells and the average residential array consists of 10 to 20 panels

              1.1.2    How Much Power?

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, panels can gather between 10 watts and 300 watts. This broad range of panel output represents the variety of solar panel products on the market. While small panel systems gather enough electricity to power consumer devices, large systems gather enough wattage to power residences.

              1.1.3    Residential Systems

As described in the Energy Department's "Energy Savers" series, to convert the direct current electricity gathered by solar panels into the alternating current electricity that powers appliances and devices, solar panels route the electricity through a conversion device called an inverter. After conversion to alternating current, electricity runs through circuit breaker panels and into the home. A "gridconnected" solar panel system connects to a municipal utility provider's system through an electrical meter, redirects excess solar electricity to the utility provider, turns the meter backwards and typically provides the homeowner with credit. Alternately, an "off-grid" system does not connect to a utility provider's grid and often directs excess electricity to a storage system, such as a battery bank

              1.1.4    Solar Panel Products

In addition to rooftop arrays that provide electricity to homes and businesses, manufacturers apply solar panel technology to a wide range of consumer products. Roof-mounted solar panels are available for boats, recreational vehicles and cars; these modules can power electronic systems or charge batteries. Lightweight, portable solar panels are available to power small batteries and electronic devices, such as cell phones and laptop computers, or as an emergency power supply for campers or backpackers. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Environmental Energy Technologies Division hosts a directory that includes links to several manufacturers of personal solar panel products.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Due to the nature of power instability facing the national grid of Nigeria power outage become a very common philosophy whereby power supply can trip off any hours, minutes or seconds and it can stay OFF for an unspecified period of time before it restore back. To solve this problem, providing a backup supply, changing from the previous source of energy to another source of energy or combining the two sources together can really help in bringing the power to a stability mode of operations.

Also looking at the current source of power taking serious major correction and upgrading can help in solving the problem of power in Nigeria.

1.3        OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this project is to install a backup power supply in the machine lab in Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department. Its aim is to work when there is a power failure most especially when the students are having practical and there is a power outage from the KAEDCO.

1.4        SCOPE OF STUDY

This project is to provide a alternative power supply in the machine lab in electrical and electronic engineering department.

1.5       METHODOLOGY

The process of constructing a backup power supply (Inverter and solar panels) is achieved according to block diagram in figure 1.1 which includes the design, analysis, installation work and load.Fi g.1.1. Block Diagram Of A Solar Installation                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    a.     Sun:- The sun serves as the source of energy that produces light in which the light is received by the photovoltaic (PV) arrays.                                                                                                                          b.     Solar Panels Or Photovoltaic (Pv) Arrays:- A solar cell panel, solar electric panel, photo-voltaic (PV) module or solar panel is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework for installation. Solar panels use sunlight as a source of energy to generate direct current electricity. A collection of PV modules is called a PV panel, and a system of PV panels is called an array.                                                                                                                                                  c.     Solar Charge Controller (SCC):-A solar charge controller, also known as a solar regulator, is essentially a solar battery charger connected between the solar panels and battery. Its job is to regulate the battery charging process and ensure the battery is charged correctly, or more importantly, not over-charged                                                                                                                                                      d.     Inverter:-An inverter converts the DC voltage to an AC voltage. In most cases, the input DC voltage is usually lower while the output AC is equal to the grid supply voltage of either 120 volts, or 240 Volts depending on the country.Fig.1.2. Block Diagram Of An Inverter                                                                                                                                                                                   e.     Alternating Current (AC) Load:- Serve as the total load to be supplied by the output of the inverter.                                                                                                                                                                   1.6       REPORT OUTLINE                     The report of this project consist of five chapters, chapter one consist introduction, chapter two consist literature review, chapter three consist design methodology, chapter four consist results analysis and chapter five consist conclusion and recommendation.                                                                                                           1.7       MOTIVATION                            The main passion and motivation behind this project is to provide an adequate alternative source of power supply whenever there is a power interruption in the machine lab.

Buyers has the right to create dispute within seven (7) days of purchase for 100% refund request when you experience issue with the file received. 

Dispute can only be created when you receive a corrupt file, a wrong file or irregularities in the table of contents and content of the file you received. 

ProjectShelve.com shall either provide the appropriate file within 48hrs or send refund excluding your bank transaction charges. Term and Conditions are applied.

Buyers are expected to confirm that the material you are paying for is available on our website ProjectShelve.com and you have selected the right material, you have also gone through the preliminary pages and it interests you before payment. DO NOT MAKE BANK PAYMENT IF YOUR TOPIC IS NOT ON THE WEBSITE.

In case of payment for a material not available on ProjectShelve.com, the management of ProjectShelve.com has the right to keep your money until you send a topic that is available on our website within 48 hours.

You cannot change topic after receiving material of the topic you ordered and paid for.