TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv-vi
Table
of Contents vii-viii
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1
Background to the Study 1-3
1.2
Statement of the Problem 3
1.3
Purpose of Study 4
1.4
Research Questions 4-5
1.5
Research Hypotheses 5
1.6
Significance of the Study 5
1.7
Scope of
the Study 6
1.8
Delimitation of the Study 6
1.9
Definition of Terms 6
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
2.1
Concept of Political Participation 7-11
2.2
Type of Political Participation 11-13
2.3
Forms of Political Participation 13-20
2.4
Factors Affecting Political
Participation 20-24
CHAPTER THREE: Research
Methodology
3.0 Introduction
25
3.1
Research Design 25
3.2
Population of the Study 25
3.3
Sample 26
3.4
Sampling Techniques 26
3.5
Research Instrument and Instrumentation 26
3.6
Administration of Instrument 27
3.7
Validity of Instrument 27
3.8
Method of Data analysis 27
CHAPTER FOUR: Data Analysis and
interpretation
4.0
Introduction 28
4.1
Research Question 1 28-30
4.2
Research Question 2 30-32
4.3
Research Question 3 33-35
4.4
Discussion of result 35-36
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary,
Recommendation and Conclusion
5.1
Summary 37
5.2
Recommendation 38
5.3
Conclusion 38
Bibliography 39
Appendix 40-42
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Political
participation includes the political activities of citizens aimed at
influencing the political process. Such participation could be either in an
individual or group basis. The political process may be the ways, directions
and methods of governance or the input of the outcomes of the process. The
political activities that may involve their participation: selection of
leaders, influencing decision of government and the process of governance.
(Okafor 2002).
Political participation
includes those action of private cities by which they seek to influence or support
government and politics. Political participation could either be conventional
or orthodox and unconventional or unorthodox. Writing on convention and
non-conventional political participation. Janda et. al. state as follows:-
Thus,
conventional participation is legal, constitutional, acceptable and normal.
Activities here may include voting, campaigns and attendance to party meetings,
expressing political opinions, standing for elections, registration as a party member and
as a voter for an election contesting for elective offices, party funding.
These activities are in consonance with the normal political process.
Unconventional political participation includes those activities that are not
acceptable, not regarded as lawful and legal, not sanctioned or not normal.
They include such activities as riots, strikes, violent, demonstration, arson,
boycotts, rebellion, terrorism, cultism, protests, and the like. It is felt
that a higher propensity for the emergence of unconventional participation is
accentuated by the existence of narrow or very limited conventional modes. For people
to express their feelings and be heard under a trained mode they have to resort
to unconventional approaches.
Conventional
(orthodox) political participation is of two fold. There could be supportive
participation or influencing participation. Under the supportive dimension, our
citizens express allegiance or loyalty to the state and government. Examples
include singing the national anthem, reciting the national pledge or making
reference to such symbols as the national flag and the coat of arms, turning
out for voting purpose, etc.
The
influencing dimension is concerned with efforts to modify or reverse government
policy to suit political interests. Examples include trying to secure some
benefits from government, asking for special social or welfare services from
the government such as setting up a health canter, construction or
rehabilitation of roads, sitting, a public school or police post. e. t. c.
1.2
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
From
the above background of study, political participation is the vehicle through
which citizens of a given society communicate their interests, demands,
desires, support and or proposition to the authoritative decisions of the
superstructure. However it seems the levels of people participation in politics
are narrow may be due to the assertion that “politics is a dirty game”. Since
2003, democracy has come to be regarded as the source for political participation active towards rural
direction. Therefore, this study would seek
to find solutions to the following
problem:-
i.
Low level of education.
ii.
The culture of corruption.
iii.
Parochial political culture.
iv.
Subject political culture.
v.
Primordial sentiment and low
socio-economic development.
1.3
PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The study has the following objectives:
v To
find out how low level of education has
declined the level of political
participation in ruralities of Ojo
v To
find out the culture of corruption whether or not, it has contribution to the
level of political participation in ruralities
of Ojo.
v To
determine whether or not the level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo area due to subject political
culture.
v To
investigate low socio-economic development ruralities
of Ojo.
v To
advance solution to the above identified problems.
1.4
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS.
The
research questions to be investigated are:
i.
What is the profile cause of low level
of education in ruralities of Ojo?
ii.
Can culture of corruption affect
political participation in ruralities of Ojo?
iii.
Can parochial political culture
contribute to the level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo?
iv.
Is there any measure to be used to
determine subject political culture in political participation in Ruralities of
Ojo?
v.
What is the consequence of low socio-economic
development on ruralities of Ojo?
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
To
guide the study, the following null research hypotheses
were raised to be tested:
i.
Low level of education cannot be
significantly responsible for the level of political participation in
ruralities of Ojo.
ii.
Culture of corruption cannot affect
level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo.
iii.
Parochial political culture cannot
contribute to low level of political participation in ruralities of Ojo.
iv.
Low socio-economic development cannot be
significantly responsible for level of political participation in ruralities of
Ojo.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this study will encourage active participation of individuals
in the political process of their community. The study will also make the
citizens to share in governance through expression of consent, choice, rejection of the leader and
certain policies considers obnoxious. Through participation, the citizen makes
some input in governance through the expression of demands, preferences,
orientations, judgments and political
process.
1.7 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The
scope of this study is the level of political participation
of the ruralities in Ojo local government area of Lagos state. The scope was
chosen due to the low level of political participation of the people in the
area and individual development.
1.8 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The
study will be limited to the ruralities in Ojo local government area of Lagos state on the level of political participation in 2008-2009.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.
Influence:
Power to produce an effect, esp. on character,
beliefs or action.
2.
Political Participation: Is
the involvement of individual in political activities. It can be through election activities covers voting, campaigns, seeking to persuade others to vote for a
given candidate or party.
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