TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
1.6 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 THE
CONCEPT DRUG ABUSE
2.1.2 AN OVERVIEW OF NIGERIA MASS MEDIA
2.1.3 FUNCTION OF THE MASS MEDIA
2.1.4 MASS MEDIA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SOCIETY
2.2.1 AWARENESS CREATION BY THE MASS MEDIA IN
NIGERIA
2.2.2 STRATEGIES IN CREATING AWARENESS
2.3.1 DRUG ABUSE AROUND THE GLOBE
2.3.2 DRUG
ABUSE IN NIGERIA AND MEDIA COVERAGE
2.3.4 THE
CHALLENGES OF THE MEDIA IN COVERING DRUG ABUSE RELATED MATTERS IN NIGERIA
2.3.5 SOLUTION
TO DRUG ABUSE IN NIGERIA
2.4 THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
2.4.1 THE SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
2.5 EMPIRICAL
STUDIES
2.6 GAPS
IN LITERATURE
2.7 SUMMARY OF REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
3.3 SOURCES OF DATA
3.4 POPULATION OF STUDY
3.5 SAMPLE TECHNIQUES
3.6 SAMPLE SIZE
3.7 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS
3.9 VALIDATION OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
3.10 RELIABILITY OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF
DATA
4.0 INTRODUCTION
4.1 RESEARCH QUESTION
4.2 Testing of Hypothesis
4.3 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 INTRODUCTION
5.1 SUMMARY OF THE RESEARCH
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A:
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
There
is no limit to the study of media and society. Media and society as a subject
covers a wide range of issues. Communication has a lot to do with the
individual. It effects and defects are
so notable that they cannot be swept under the carpet. Media and society are
interwoven and neither of them can exist without the other. But first of all,
what is communication?
Fiske
(1990) defines communication as “social interaction through message” Jaya-
weera (1991) sees it as an interaction process through which persons or groups
relate to each other and share information, experience and culture. Looking at the above definitions
communication can be said to be the transferring or transmitting of ideas,
attitudes and information from one person to another. Okunna (1999) throws more
light on the above assertion when she says “to communicate basically means to
share ideas information, opinions, feelings or experiences between people?
According to Okunna (1999) the mass media
perform a number of functions, which benefit the individual as a member of a
society. She goes on to say that these
functions range from serious informational and educational functions to lighter functions like entertainment
Mass media
have been a major agent of socialisation and tool for social change especially
now that people depends on message from mass media. The potential power of the
mass media help solve social problems. Television, Radio and Print Advertising
can entice people to buy a wide range of products and services, newspaper
messages and advertisement influence our ideas, values and behaviour.
According to
conventional wisdom, it could be possible to use mass media to get people to
act on behalf of their own health and well-being or to do right things. Based
on this assumption, since World War II, the Federal, State and Local
Government, private foundations and other non-governmental organizations have
sponsored hundreds of public services campaigns to promote social rather than
commercial “goods” (Delong & Winsten, 2000).
It is not
surprising then that prevention advocates would look to the mass media as an
important aid in addressing the problem of high-risk drinking in society. Some
advocates have pushed for reform or other restrictions on alcohol advertising.
Others have sought to influence entertainment producers to end the
glorification of high-risk drinking in newspaper, magazine, television and in
the movies (Montgomery, 2009). More recently, prevention advocates have
produced a small number of media campaigns designed to change students and
youth knowledge attitude and behaviour.
Most media
campaign focused on college students drinking which have been campus based,
using a mix of posters, flyers, electronic mail messages and college newspaper
advertisement. More recently a few regional, state and national media campaigns
have begin to address this issue as well.
However, the
history of the human race has also been the history of drug abuse. In itself,
the use of drugs does not constitute an evil. Drugs, properly administered,
have been a medical blessing for example, herbs, roots, bark leaves and plants
have been used to relieve pain and help control diseases. However, over the
past few decades, the use of illegal drugs has spread at an unprecedented rate
and has reached every part of the world. According to the United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report (2005), some 200 millions people, or 5
percent of the total worlds population aged 15-64 have used drugs at least once
in the last 12 months this implied 15 million people more than the 2004
estimated. The report goes on to say that, no nation has been immune to the
devastating effects of drug abuse. According to the World Drugs Report (2005),
the use of illicit drugs has increased throughout the world in recent years.
The report
further states that a major world trend is the increasing availability of many
kinds of drugs to an over widening socio-economic spectrum of consumers. The
report argues that the main problem of drugs at global level continue to be
opiates (notably heroine) followed by cocaine for example, for most of Europe
and Asia, opiates continued to be the main problem drugs, accounting for 62
percent of all treatment in 2003. Reports from a total of 95 countries
indicated that drugs seizures increased four-fold in 2003, and more than half
of these were from Cannabis. A report released by the United Nations Drug
Control Program (UNDCP) in 2004 estimated that 3.3 to 4.1 percent of global
population consumes drugs, but more worrisome is that according to the UNDCP
executive director, those who are hooked are the younger generation.
Every country
in the world, developed or developing incurs substantial costs as a result of
damages caused by substance abuse (World Drug Report, 2005). The world health
organization (WHO), estimates that 1.1 billion people, representing a third of
the world population above the age of 15 years, use tobacco principally in the
form of the cigarettes. of these smokers, 800 million, 700 million of them
males, live in developing countries (WHO, 2004). The solution described above
is true in developed countries that have been experimenting with such drugs for
a long period. However, developing countries are not exempted from the dangers
all countries, Nigeria inclusive, are vulnerable. It has been noted that
Nigeria is one of the developing countries in Africa that has lately been
experiencing rapid increase in production, distribution and consumption of
multiple drugs of dependence (Acuda and Tambo, 1983; World Health Organization,
1995, Daily Nation, March 2, 2006).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Drug
abuse has become rampant in our society and this has posed a problem because a
society filled with drug addicts and
drug dependents cannot move forward. A nation filled with people who misuse,
abuse or are addicted to drugs will have a high rate of increase in crime,
prostitution etc. it also makes way for drug traffic kicking in the society. It
constitutes a major public health hazard and is a part of general and social disorganization we see around us that
is, breeds comatose patients, and
various melody cases that
constitute the urban eyesore that dent the image of a nation. It
contributes significantly to breakdown of law and order and establishment of
various circles of abuses, deficiency, criminality and further abuse.
Drug abuse has also led to the diversion of scarce resources to
cure addicts, and to rehabilitate them, building of psychiatric hospitals, breakdown of societal norms and values, leading to up
heavily, anarchy and other vices in the
society, posing more problem than to be
solved.
Such
problems call for in-depth research to
help salvage the situation to avoid
the set back it created for our society and this has to be done with the
help of the mass media in order to inform and educate the people on what that effects of drug abuse can cause to the society, and to the
people involved .
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The overall
purpose of this study in on assessment of mass media role in the campaign
against drug abuse in Nigeria"
The specific
objectives of the study are as follows;
1. To examine
the impact of mass media in creating awareness against drug abuse among Nigeria
youth.
2. To identify
and evaluate strategies used among undergraduate to address drug abuse, their
effectiveness and shortcomings.
3. To examine
whether media educate and enlighten the general public in drug abuse.
4. To know if
mass media awareness on drug abuse has reduced the unlawful use of drug in
society.
5. To examine
if mass media present adequate information on effect of drug abuse to the
people in society.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this study cannot be over-emphasized. Drug abuse has been in
the media for a very long time and much
has been written and government is worried about it. Large amount of money are
expended to rehabilitate victims of drug abuse. This research is done in order
to alert the society about drug abuse and the impact it has to the society. And
also to engage the media to be faithful allies to reap the society off this
problem. This is because a country with healthy citizens will have a good work
force which in turn boosts the economy of that country. This study will also
show the people the work and part the mass media is playing to combat this
problem.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
The following
are the research questions of the study;
1. Has mass
media awareness on drug abuse reduce the unlawful use of drug in the society?
2. Do mass
media educate and enlighten the general public on the bad effect of drugs
abuse?
3. Do Mass
media promote drug abuse through advertisement and alcohol promo?
4. Is there any
problem facing mass media in creating awareness in drug abuse?
5. What are
effects of drug abuse in the society?
1.6 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
HO:
Mass media do not play any significant role in creating awareness against drug
abuse in Nigeria
HI:
Mass media play a significant role in creating awareness against drug abuse in
Nigeria
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study has been limited to mass media in Nigeria.
The research focuses on the assessment
of mass media role in the campaign against drug abuse in Nigeria.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Wide research of this nature cannot be carried out
without some constrains, this constrains pose a lot of limitation to this work.
1. Duration for
the research work is relatively short
2. Stress
emanated form other academic activities is also another constrain.
3. Financial
constrain poses another challenges.
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CAMPAIGN
: This
means series of planned activities with
a particular social, commercial or political aim.
MASS
MEDIA :This means the
means of communicating with large numbers of people.
DRUG
:
A substance used as a medicine or in a medicine.
ABUSE:
This
means a wrong or excessive use of something.
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