ABSTRACT
The campaign for women
employment and emancipation in Nigeria
has taken a new dimension sequent to the new development in the literacy level
of our women and the level of development in mass media.
The right of women have been
severally abused and neglected. Women have been relegated to the background and
kept out from the scheme of things simply because of unorthodox beliefs. Some
women have been forced to accept that their major role should be in the
kitchen.
Today, women in Nigeria are
quickly realizing their supposed role in the society. More educated women are now
speaking out against the injustice being meted out to the women folk. At this
point, the mass media comes in as an agent of socialization, the mass media
which comprises of the radio, television and the press is expected to champion
the campaign for women employment.
Being the case, I researched
and evaluated the attitudes, contributions and problems of the mass media
towards this direction. I also gave
useful suggestions on how best the mass media should go in order to succeed in
this worthy campaign for women employment.
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER PAGE I
TITLE PAGE II
APPROVAL PAGE III
DEDICATION IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V
ABSTRACT VI
TABLE OF CONTENT VII
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 3
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 6
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 7
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 8
1.5
RESEARCH QUESTION 9
1.6
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES, CONCEPTUAL AND
OPERATIONAL
DEFINITIONS 9
1.7
ASSUMPTIONS 12
1.8
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 12
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW 14
MASS MEDIA’
CONTRIBUTION 17
2.1
ROLE OF RADIO 17
2.2
TELEVISION AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT 19
2.3
THE PRESS AND WOMEN -
EMPOWERMENT
CAMPAIGN 20
2.4
NEED FOR WOMEN EMPLOYMENT CAMPAIGN. 22
2.5
PROBLEMS HINDERING THE MASS MEDIA IN IT
CAMPAIGN
IN SUPPORT OF WOMEN-
EMPLOYMENT 25
2.6
SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW. 26
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
RESEARCH METHOD 27
3.2
RESEARCH DESIGN 28
3.3
RESEARCH SAMPLE 28
3.4
POPULATION OF THE STUDY 29
3.5
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES 30
3.6
MEASURING INSTRUMENT 30
3.7
DATA COLLECTION 30
3.8
DATA ANALYSIS 31
3.9
EXPECTED RESULTS 32
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS
AND RESULT 33
4.1
DATA ANALYSIS 33
4.2
RESULT 46
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
CONCLUSION 51
5.2
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATION
5.3
QUESTIONNAIRE 53
5.4
BIBLIOGRAPHY 60
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The mass media have played a vital role supporting women employment
campaign in Nigeria.
This it achieves using it’s channels which include: the radio, the television,
newspaper and magazines, books journals and so on.
In addition to supporting women empowerment campaign, they also performs
the functions of socialization, information, education, communication by
carrying out enlightenment programmes. They create forum for information and
motivation.
The fundamental function of the mass media is mainly to expose, provide
and enhance incidental learning. They have the capacity to reflect and shape
opinion thus playing active role in public attitude formation. It is a very
effective body of communication with good and wide availability which makes it
more convincing that a large number of people are more likely to be influenced.
Therefore, the mass media aims at converting, re –enforcing, charging or
persuading the activities of people in a given society.
A unique between the mass media and other agents of socialization and
techniques by which specialized groups employ technological device “press,
radio, films etc. to disseminate symbolic content to a large public.
In assessing the role of the mass media in supporting women employment
campaign in Nigeria therefore, one takes into cognizance those roles both the
radio, television, newspaper, magazines, books and journals etc. have played by
improving and ensuring the welfare of the women in our society.
Abiola Akiyode Afolabi – a Lawyer and the Executive Director of women
advocates research and documentation centre, WARDC emphasized the need for
women to clamour for their rights and make the states to be more sensitive to
their issues.
In Nigeria,
women constitute 497 percent of our population, based on the 1991 census. They
therefore argue that in as much as they are almost equal to the population of
men, they don’t know why the government can continue to rule without being
sensitive to the rights of women. They therefore suggest that government should
take issues of women as priority.
1.1
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
The role of
the mass media in any society includes:
§
Providing semi – formal kind of socialization
§
Providing avenue for good listening, observation
and imitation.
§
Providing modern communication.
§
Providing the child or an individual with the
knowledge of wide world.
§
Organizing educative programmes that impacts
knowledge to both youths and children.
§
Bringing to our homes the different culture of
different people,
§
Entertaining the audience and
§
Creating role models.
In the light of the foregoing, one cannot neglect the enormous powers of
the mass media having consideration for the vast medium of communication it
possesses.
Over thew years, the need for women
empowerment has continued to rise. In our newspaper, magazines, over the radio,
in the televisions, it have been variously discussed many writers have put
their opinions together in form of books and journals.
RADIO: Radio operations in Nigeria dates
back to the year 1935 when Gazette Notice No. 1098 of September that year
enumerated the conditions for the installation to subscribers of the P and T
loudspeakers. The Nigeria
Broadcasting service (Nigeria Broadcasting corporation) later took over on April 1, 1952. since that
period, radio broadcasting have greatly contributed towards the enhancement of
women empowerment in Nigeria.
Today, the
federal radio cooperation of Nigeria
have it’s stations in almost all the states of the federation. These stations
reach out to the people with far reaching effects.
TELEVISION:
The history of television operation in Nigeria dates back to outcome of the 1973 broadcasting organisation
of Nigeria Bon experiment with the NTA.
Basically, the Nigerian Television
Authority was empowered among other things, to co – ordinate the activities of
the entire television network in the country. Thereafter, six operation zones
was set up to effectively manage all the NTA station.
With its advantage of possessing both audio and visual effects, the
television has greatly contributed to the development in Nigeria. Today,
television stations a abound in almost all the states of the federation
carrying the message of women empowerment vigorously.
THE PRESS:
The Nigeria of the
Nigerian press fall into broad categories: the pre – independence period and
the post independence period till the present day. In Abeokuta, Reverend Henry Townsend established
the first newspaper in Nigeria
called “Iwe Irohin”, in December 1859. since then, other newspapers emerged and
continued to carry out the campaign for women empowerment.
1.2
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
The campaign for women empowerment in Nigeria has intensified since
education have made greater percentage of the women populace to be conscious of
their rights. Nigeria’s
1999 constitution guaranteed everyone the right to freedom from discrimination
on the grounds of sex.
Nigeria
currently is the largest black Nation in Africa
and the most populous, having 49.7 percent women out of the current population
number; as stipulated by the 1991 census. The contribution of the women in
socio – economic, political and cultural development of Nigeria cannot
be over emphasized.
In view of the above, it is expected that
women with their large number in the society, should be embraced into the
scheme of things instead of being relegated to the background. Already, in our
various schools of higher learning, female student journalists have continued
to increase in number. With such development, it is expected that such large
numbers should also extend to the media houses and other fields of human
endeavour.
It is very worthy therefore for the
mass media to champion the course for women employment so as to liberate then from
all manner of discriminations, bad practices, widowhood rites and practices,
female genital multivation, early marriages trafficking in women and other practices that both affect
and discrimination against women.
Owing to the observation, this project
is aimed at mass media, their contributions, their problems and their attitudes
towards supporting the campaign for women empowerment in Nigeria.
1.3
OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
My main
objective for embarking on the study is identify and evaluate the following:
a.
The role of the mass media in supporting women
empowerment campaign in Nigeria.
b.
The contributions so for made by the mass media supporting the campaign for women
empowerment.
c.
The degree of responsiveness of women to the campaign.
d.
The ways of improving the performance of mass media in
the campaign for women empowerment.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
I believed
that at the end of this project work, the study would be relevant in the
following directions:
a.
It will help to provide a good understanding of the
role of the mass media in supporting the Champaign
for women employment in Nigeria.
b.
The study will help to expose the powerful influence of
the mass media in the campaign for women empowerment.
c.
The study will offer useful information towards
improving the performance of the mass media.
d.
It will expose the need for women empowerment in Nigeria.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
What are the roles of the mass media in supporting
women empowerment campaign in Nigeria?
2.
Do the mass media contribute adequately towards the
campaign for women empowerment in Nigeria ?
3.
What factors hinder the performance of the mass media
in enhancing women empowerment campaign.?
4.
How can the performance of the mass media be improved?
5.
Can our women accept their supposed role and help in
building the Nigerian society?
1.6
RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS INCLUDING NULL HYPOTHESIS:
H1: The mass media have favourable attitude
towards the campaign for women empowerment
H0: The mass
media do not have favourable attitude towards women empowerment in Nigeria.
H2: The media
contribute positively to the campaign for women empowerment.
H0: The mass
media do not contribute positively to the campaign for women empowerment.
H3: Socio –
economic, culture and legal constraints hinder the position of women towards
the campaign for women empowerment.
H0: Socio –
economic, cultural and legal constraints do not hinder the position of women
towards the campaign for women empowerment.
H4: The women
could help in building and re – shaping the Nigeria society.
H0: The women
could not help in building and re – shaping the Nigerian society.
1.7
CONCEPTUAL
AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:
Conceptual
means general notion. Operationally means those factors, national and man –
made that makes mass media’s position to women empowerment difference.
ASSESSMENT: Conceptually, means the act
of checking the amount or value at which something is calculated.
Operationally,
means a judgment or opinion about something.
MASS MEDIA: Conceptually means the extended large channels
of communication including the newspaper, and magazines, radio, television etc.
Operationally,
means large number of both newspapers, magazines, television, radio etc. used
for disseminating information.
ROLE: Conceptually, means the part
taken by someone in any activity.
Operationally,
means the part taken by a person for example in acting etc.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: Conceptually means
women having the lawful right top do their things.
Operationally,
women empower means women having right from discrimination of both sexes.
1.8
ASSUMPTIONS:
I conducted
my research on the basis of the following assumptions.
a.
The mass media are today in the fore – front of women
empowerment campaign.
b.
That the mass media contribute adequately in the campaign
for women empowerment.
c.
That certain factors hinder the performance of the mass
media in supporting the campaign for women empowerment.
d.
That the campaign for women empowerment is a worthy
course.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
It is
necessary to point out that an in – depth research could not be made because of
the theoretical and practical nature of this study. Again, financial constants
arising from the lean resource available to facilitate the research had a reaching effect on carrying
out an in –depth and comprehensive study on this topic. These problem not
withstanding, efforts were made in the direction of giving this topic a good
approach. The scope of this is limited to the position, contributions, problems
and prospects of media practice as a career with special attention to their
support for the campaign for women empowerment.
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