TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2 Statement
of Problem
1.3 Aim
and Objective
1.4 Significance
of the Study
1.5 Scope
of the Study
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Origin
and Taxonomy of Tomato
2.2 Morphology
of Tomato
2.3 Growth
Habit of Tomato
2.4 Economic
Important of Tomato
2.5 Diseases
and Pests of Tomato
2.6 Soil
Requirements/Cultivation
CHAPTER
THREE
1.
2.
3.
3.1
Materials
3.2
Method
3.3 Method
of data collection
3.4 Method
of Data Analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR
Results
CHAPTER
FIVE
DISCUSSION,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5.1
Discussion
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendation
REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
of the Study
Growth
is the irreversible increase in volume (size) number of part, length and weight
of an organism (Umeh, 2004). Growth can be defined as a process by which a
plant increase in the number and size of leaves and stems (Rayburn, 1993).
Growth is also defined as an irreversible change in the size of a cell, organ
or whole organism (Janick; 1979). Growth is an irreversible increase in body
size and weight due to incorporation of new protoplasm in the body (sarojini et
al; 1991). Growth is a physiological activity involving the enlargement and
elongation of an organism due to the
incorporation of more protoplasm within the organism(Okeke; 2014). Cell theory
states that new cells are formed from the pre-existing ones by division. When
one cell divides by mitosis, two new
cells results. The two new cells put together are equal in volume or mass of
the cells even though growth takes place in the number of cells. It is when the
new cell grows to the maximum size of the parent cell that growth in volume is
achieved. If those two new cells are arranged linearly, there will be an
increase in length. The growth of both plant and animals require energy. Animal
get their energy by digesting the plant they eat while plants get their energy
from the sun through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process where the
green plant pigment in the plant leaf (chlorophyll) absorbs energy from
sunlight and using the energy, water and carbon(iv)oxide to produce oxygen and
simple sugar.
The
plant then uses these sugars to make more complex sugars and starches from
storage as energy reserves, to make cellulose and hemicelluloses for cell wall
or with nitrogen, to make protein. The way these plants uses energy depends on
the developmental stage of the plants and environmental conditions.
When
leaves are removed from a grass or clover plant, new leaves develop and grow
from buds on the crown or stems of the plants. This growth requires energy
which comes from reserve carbohydrates (Sugar and starches) or from actively
photosynthesizing leaves remaining on the plants. At some point, photosynthesis
is great enough to produce more sugar than is needed for growth. This results
in an increase in the reserve carbohydrate in the plant. As the leaf area
increase further, leaves start shading one another and net growth shows as
older leaves in shape do not get enough sunlight and begin to die. Root growth
determines the ability of the plant to take up nutrient and water. Root growth
determined by the plants activity photosynthesizing leaf area since the root
depends on energy captured by leaves. Therefore roots receive energy only when
more energy is produced by photosynthesis than is being used by top growth.
However, under drought conditions, the
lack of water may reduce top growth while photosynthesis remains active. This
results in accumulation of carbohydrate. The stems and roots have epical
meristems responsible for extension growth which usually remains permanently
embryonic and capable for growths for long periods (watering and Phillips
1970).
The effects of cool weather in the
spring or fall are similar, cool temperature produces plant growth rate more
than photosynthesis.
This calls for an increase in reserve
carbohydrate in the plant and higher foliage quality. As plant matures, it
increases in fibres and decrease in digestibility, crude protein and intake by
livestock (Rayburn, 1993). In biology, everything that has life must grow and
every living organism that grows must come to a peak or climax of the growth,
death of old age will occur (Delvin, 1975).
Sometimes,
living organism such as plants and animals die before that maturity or old age
due to certain circumstances that affects growth. Some of the factors that
cause this premature death also affect the growth rate of plants and animals.
1.2 Statement of Problem
In
this research, attempt is made to establish the relationship between the soil
type and NPK fertilizer on the productivity of tomato in Nigeria and West Africa
in order to improve the yield of tomato. Tomato is a staple vegetable fruit in
many African dishes with a huge annual consumption. The findings shall act as
baseline data for tomato grower, not only in Oko but in tomato producing part
of the world.
1.3 Aim and Objective
The
aim of this work is to compare the effects of NPK fertilizer, loamy soil and
sandy soil on the growth of tomato solanum
lycopersicum
The
specific objective
1.
To compare the effects
of NPK fertilizer, Loamy soil and Sandy soil on growth of tomato.
2.
To compare the effects
of NKP fertilizer, Loamy soil and Sandy soil on the yield of tomato.
1.4 Significance of the Study
Tomatoes
are the greatest significant vegetable crops in the world after potato and research to improve the rate of its productivity
will be of great importance.
Specifically
at the successful completion of this research, the result from this work will
be beneficial to tomato farmers as they can now know the favourable soil to use
in planting tomatoes in order to improve their tomato yield and with increase
in the tomato yield, our society will have more tomatoes and its product to
consume at lower price.
Finally,
this work will help create more jobs for unemployed as many can now go into
tomato farming. The finding of this research will add to the existing
literature on tomato.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The
scope of this work focuses on comparing the effects of NPK fertilizer, loamy
soil, and sandy soil on the growth of tomato Solanum lycopersicum and also know the best soil to use in planting
tomato.
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