ABSTRACT
Since it
is compulsory that people and goods move from one part of the country to the
other or within particular defined regional area, the facilities used for this
purpose need to be well planned, designed and constructed. Inadequate and
unplanned traffic control constitute a lot of problems resulting in delay,
congestion, immobility to uneasy access to transport etc. This project is to
determine the headway and average travel speed of vehicles (Case study of post
office- Kwara State Polytechnic permanent site car park road). In order to
determine the time taken, distance, speed of a vehicle of the existing road
network. Having considered the necessary observations from the post- office to
Kwara state polytechnic permanent site car park we are able to observe that the
distance is 10. 5km and the time taken varies where the lowest value of time
taken from day one is sixteen (16) minutes while the highest is twenty two
minutes (22) while on the second day we were able to determine the time taken
from 8: 19am – 9: 30am and the total lowest value of the time taken is twenty
(20) minutes while the highest is twenty two (22) minutes and the total average
headway for the day one is 3.5 minutes while the total average headway for the
day two practical is 4.5 minutes and the determination of the average speed of
the day one practical is 11.2km per hour while the average speed for the second
day practical is 11. 20km per hour and the total value for day 1 and 2 is 11.
15km per hour and also we are able to determine the day like Monday, Tuesday,
Friday are the days that have much masses while Wednesday, Thursday are not
much and also from the result, the Average Daily Time (ADT) of traffic volume
shows that morning peak hour flow is 8: 00am to 9: 00am everyday, due to Kwara
state polytechnic permanent site students and also the staff and University of
Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) that was moved to Oke- Oyi which was sited
along the same direction, due to movement of student and workers that are going
to their normal daily activities and also the afternoon peak hour is 4: 00pm to
5: 00pm when they are returning from their daily activities but the traffic
flow is high in the morning than that of the afternoon peak hour flow.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Declaration ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
List of Table vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Statement of the Problem 2
1.2 Aim of the Project 3
1.3 Objectives of the Project 3
1.3 Methodology 3
1.4 Scope of the Project 4
1.5 Justification of the Project 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Delay Studies 6
2.3 Spot Speed Studies 7
2.4 Traffic Volume Studies 7
2.5 Traffic Signs 8
2.6 Traffic Signals 14
2.7 Factor that Contribute to Journey time 15
CHAPTER
THREE
3.1
Methodology 19
3.2 Headway 19
3.3 Average Speed 20
3.4 Explanation on Headway 22
3.5 Delay Studies 23
3.6 Delay Studies 24
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 Data Analysis and Discussion of Result 34
4.1 Discussion on Traffic Volume
34
4.2 Traffic Volume Study 35
4.3 Average Traffic Volume 36
CHAPTER
FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion 38
5.2 Recommendation 39
REFERENCES 41
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
3.1 The table below shows the Analysis of Different Travel
Time
of Vehicles for the Determination of Their Headways. 21
3.2 Vehicle
Composition for Both Direction on
Monday 1st May, 2017 at Post Office – Maraba Road. 26
3.3 Vehicle
Composition for Both Direction on
Monday 2nd May, 2017 at Post Office – Maraba Road. 26
3.4 Vehicle
composition for both Direction on Monday
3rd May, 2017 at post office – Maraba Road. 27
3.5: Vehicle
Composition for both direction on Monday
4th May, 2017 at
post office – Maraba road. 27
3.6 Vehicle
Composition for Both Direction on Monday
5th May, 2017 at Post Office – Maraba Road. 28
3.7 Vehicle
composition for both directions on Monday
6th May, 2017 at Post Office – Maraba Road. 28
3.8 Vehicle
composition for both Direction on Monday
7th May, 2017 at
Post Office – Maraba Road. 29
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The
determination of headway and average travel speed on a road network cannot be
over emphasized as concerns the transportation. Headway and average travel
speed are among the imperative parameters to be mentioned in the consideration
of traffic flow. The efficient evaluation of headway and average travel speed
is important for their contribution to the effectiveness of road network
functionality therefore adequate management practices are needed.
Headway
is a measurement of the minimum possible distance or time between vehicles in a
transit system. It is commonly measured as the distance from the tip of one
vehicle to the tip of next one behind it, expressed as the time it will take
for the tracing vehicle to cover that distance.
Headway
is a key input in calculating most overall route capacity of any transit system
e.g the route of Ilorin post office to the permanent site of Kwara state
polytechnic Ilorin.
Headway
spacing is selected by various safety criteria, but the basic concept remains
the same – leave enough time for the vehicle to safety stop behind the vehicle
in front of it.
The
safety stop criteria has a non obvious solution, however, if a vehicle follow
immediately behind the one in front, the vehicle in front simply cannot stop
quickly enough to damage the vehicle behind.
1.1 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
There
are parameters that contributes traffic flows which headway and vehicle average
travel speed are among - the determination and proper management of headway and
average travel speed is hereby important as the improper management of road traffic
flow cause lots of hindrance in transportation and also affects the populace in
their day- in- day-out activities.
When the
number of traffic is dense, there tends to be a traffic jam which can
definitely maximize the time spent by the motorist or other road users to get
to their various destination. As the number of vehicle tends to rise at a
particular point on a road channel, it brings about the flow density being
extremely large and this may affect the normal spacing (headway) in between the
vehicles that are present on that road channel. The speed of vehicle is also
affected by high volume of vehicles present at a point on a given road E.g.
post office to Kwara State- Polytechnic permanent site as the driver can only
make use of the space available for them.
1.2 AIM
OF THE PROJECT
The aim
of this project is to determine the headway and average travel speed of vehicle
on the Post office-Kwara State Polytechnic permanent site car park road.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
OF THE PROJECT
The objective of the project
include the following.
1. To check on the maintenance of normal headway of vehicle trading
from post office to the permanent site of kwara state polytechnic Car Park.
2. To consider the usual time taken for a vehicle traversing the road
due to indiscriminate parking along the road side.
3. To check on the average travel speed of different vehicles on the
road (Post-Office to Kwara State Polytechnic Car Park).
4. To consider the journey speed of vehicle trading from post office
to Kwara State Polytechnic Car Park Including all delays.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
The
method of study can be defined as the techniques that will be used to carry out
the research work on both roads. So, the various methods that will be employed
to carry out this research include:
1. Reconnaissance survey.
2. Field Study.
3. Manual and mechanical Traffic Count.
4. Analysis of Data.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This
project work is limited to the procedures involved in making standard policy
and good comfort on our road network especially Post Office to Kwara State
Polytechnic permanent site, Ilorin and putting in mind, the shortenings of
improper implementation of road network policies. The project will be lucid
enough to be as a guide that will allow our road maintenance agencies to know
the effect of base functionality of our road network and to provide suitable
correction for each problem stated.
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE
PROJECT
The failure of the
existing strategies used in the provision of standard maintenance of road
traffic flow as left many road users in transportation difficulties. For every
road which is a busy type such as post office to Kwara State Polytechnic
permanent site there should be an adequate maintenance of the traffic flow so
as to reduce or curb away every set backs faced by the road users.
The outcomes and
associated outputs of this project work would enable our government to provide
adequate measure on the superior and maintenance of our road to avoid further
occurrence of road problems.
Finally this study would
stimulate research in new and other research areas that are hokey to provide
useful data to in form policy making planning decision and advocacy efforts on
our road.
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