ABSTRACT
This project, Eradication of
Environmental Pollution, (a case study of Kwara, Osun, Industries).
Pollution
is a very terrible phenomenon as it does more harm to human health and
environment, or pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the
surrounding to cause discomfort to the Ecosystem. Industrial pollution, which
is a branch of pollution, occurs mostly in towns as a result or rapid
urbanization, geometrical increase, in human needs and industrial development
which has a connection with increase industrial pollution. In the course of the
study, the environmental protection Agency (EPA) collaborates with many
agencies to eradicate pollution and the literature review enumerates the ideas
and lectures on the project little by some school of thoughts and learning men
in their books. The survey of several locations of industries and their
characteristics in Ilorin, Oshogbo, and also gives the required information and
data of industrial pollution and it covers the effects of all the type of
industrial pollution and it covers the effects of all the type of industrial
pollution.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract vi
Table of content vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Preamble, Definition and cause of
environmental pollution 1
1.2 Types
of Pollution 2
1.3 Major
Air Pollutant, Chemical Pollutant and Their Sources. 4
1.4 Aim and Objectives 5
1.5 Scope of the Study 5
1.6 Justification of the Study 6
1.7 Description of the Study Area 6
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 Literature
Review 7
2.1 Collaboration
of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 7
2.2 Air Pollution 8
2.3 Water Pollution 9
2.4 Land Pollution 10
2.5 Inter-Pollution of Resources 11
2.6 Pollution by Sanitary Waste 11
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Methodology 13
3.1. Nigerian Bottling Company Limited
(Oshogbo) 13
3.2. Saw – mill (Wood industry) (Ilorin) 15
3.3. Iron and steel manufacturing industry
(Oshogbo) 16
3.4. Dangote group of company 18
3.5. Tuyil Pharmaceutical Company 19
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result and Conclusion 21
4.1. Effects of water pollutant 21
4.2. Effects of air pollutant 23
4.3. Effects of land pollutant 27
4.4. Effects of noise pollutant 28
4.5 Possible Method solution to industrial
pollution 30
4.5.1. Air pollution 30
4.5.2 Water pollution 31
4.6 Solid removal 31
4.6.1 Piping system 32
4.6.2 Chemistry Treatment 32
4.6.3. Noise pollution 33
4.7 Possible Solution to Land Pollution 34
4.7.1.
Sanitary Land Filling 35
4.7.2. Operation of a Sanitary Landfill 36
4.7.3. Merits of sanitary land filling 37
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0. Recommendations and Conclusion 38
5.1. Conclusion 38
5.2 Recommendations 39
Reference
LIST
OF TABLES
Table
3.1:- Industrial assessment 14
Table
3.2:- Pollution in saw mill (wood industry) 15
Table
3.3:- Raw material used in the industry 17
Table
3.4:- Pollution from raw materials 18
Table
4.1:- Summary of pollution of water 23
Table
4.2:- Summary of air pollutants 26
Table
4.3:- Summary of land pollutants 28
Table
4.4:- summary of noise pollutant 30
LIST
OF PLATES
Plate
1.1:- Water pollution 42
Plate
1.3:- Land pollution II 42
Plate
1.4:- Noise pollution 43
Plate
1.5:- Air pollution II 43
INTRODUCTION
1.0 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, CAUSES AND IT’S
POSSIBLE CONTROL
Pollution
is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes
instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical system
or living organisms.
Ibiwoye E.O (2009), Pollution can
take the form of chemical substance or energy such as noise, heat, or light. It
was the industrial revolution that gave birth to environment pollution as we
know it today. The emergence of great factories and consumption of immense
qualities of coal and other fossils fuels gave rise to unprecedented air
pollution and the large volume of industrial chemical discharge added to the
growing load of untreated human waste.
If our surrounding polluted we
suffer from many kinds of disease and sickness, if our surrounding get highly
polluted our life get endangered.
Pollution as a very pervasive
phenomenon, is a discharge into the environment in qualities of some substance
or energy or gases by man which can be considered harmful to himself and other
living organism and worse still, reduce the quality of human life, pollution is
a relative concept and although, almost no substance exists in a pure state, it
is only when the impurities rise above a certain level that there is concern.
Moreover, they varies from case to case depending on the particular use for
which the source is intended.
1.1 Causes of Environmental Pollution
Industrial pollution is a pollution which can be directly link with
industries in contrast to other pollution sources. This form of pollution is
one most leading causes of pollution worldwide. The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) estimate that up to 50% of nation’s pollution is cause by
industries. Industrial pollution poses problem for the entire planet especially
developing countries like Nigeria. There are number of forms of industrial
pollution. One of the most common is water pollution, caused by dumping of
industrial waste, which causes leakage into ground water and waterway.
Industrial pollution can also impact
air quality, and it can enter the soil causing widespread environment problems.
Smoke rise from the fuel that we burn in our kitchens and workshops. This smoke
gives rise to carbon dioxide that pollutes our environment. The smoke that
people make while they smoke that rises from the hotels, and restaurants in
towns and cities pollute the environment.
Industrial
pollution hurts the environment in a range of ways, and it has a negative
impact on human lives and health pollutants make an kill animals and plants,
imbalance ecosystems degrade air quality radically, damage buildings, and
generally degrade quality of life factory workers in area with uncontrolled
industrial pollution are especially vulnerable.
1.2 TYPES OF POLLUTION
Pollution is a result of progression and development that is
occurring on a regular basis with the growth of technology, more and more
development is taking place in order to improve the quality of human life, this
series is certainly giving high level of comfort and a rich life style to all
humans but is sadly diminishing the worth of human health, the need to have a
good and healthy environment is ignored. Many new inventions and introduction
are causing a danger to human life as they are done artificially; this
artificial and unsystematic way of generating high level of comforts is
producing components that are inevitable to human life. Be it anything
including the basis needs of like clothing and even food is now being produced
synthetically. There are some of the most common types of environmental
pollution that are gradually bringing people to a morbid stage are
A.
Air
pollution
B.
Water
pollution
C.
Noise
pollution
D.
Land
pollution
E.
Waste and
water pollution
A. Air pollution in the industries takes place
when some dangerous gases are discharge in to atmosphere in quantities that may
render the air unbreathable.
B. Water pollution The waste product of
factories, (water pollution) which are in form of liquid effluent may drain off
in to the nearby fresh or steam there by polluting the water and rendering the
water noxious, harmful and undrinkable.
C. Noise pollution The excessive noise emanating
from the factories engines has effect on our sleep, hearing, speech
communication, degree of annoyance and other undesirable effects of noise
pollution and it also affect human being physiologically and physiological.
D. Land pollution occur when solid refused are
heaped-up on the ground surface causing severe nuisance to the environment and
also reduce or limit the utility of availability of space to which the affected
land can be put in to.
E. Waste and water pollution, when toxic
substances enter lake streams, rivers, oceans, and other water bodies, they get
dissolved or lie suspended in water or get deposited on the bed. This result in
the pollution of water whereby the quality of the water deteriorates, affecting
aquatic ecosystems. Pollutants can also seep down affect the ground water
deposit.
1.3 MAJOR AIR POLLUTANT, CHEMICAL POLLUTANT
AND THEIR SOURCES.
Major Air Pollutants and Their Sources
Carbon
monoxide (CO) is a
colorless, odorless gas that is produced by the incomplete burning of carbon-
based fuel including petrol, diesel, and wood. It is also produced from the
combustion of nature and synthetic product such as cigarettes. It lowers the
amount of oxygen that enters our blood; it can slow our reflexes and make us
confused and sleepy.
Carbon
dioxide (CO2) is the
principle green house gas emitted as a result of human activities such as the
burning of coal oil, and natural gases.
Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC) Are gases that are
released mainly from air-conditioning system and refrigeration when releases in
to the air, with few other gas which leads to a reduction of the Ozone layer
that protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
Lead: Is present in petrol, diesel, lead, batteries,
paints, hair dye products etc. lead, affect children in particular. It can
cause nervous system damage and digestive problems and in some cases, cause
cancer.
Major Chemical pollution and their Sources
In
most parts of world the bodies of wholes and dolphins washing ashore are so
highly contaminated that they qualify as toxic waste and have to be specially
disposed off. There are many different sources of chemical pollution including;
a) Domestic sewage
b) Industrial discharges
c) Seepage from waste sides
d) Atmospheric fallout
e) Accidents and spill at sea
f) Operational discharges from oil rigs
g) Mining discharges
h) Agricultural run-off.
However,
the chemical that are probably of most concern for everyone are the persistent
pollutants, those substances that enters marine food chain and are centrally
passed along the chain to the marine top predators increasing amounts
persistent pollutants industrial chemical. The most common pollutants are:
i.
Carbon monoxide (Co)
ii.
Carbon dioxide (Co2)
1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The primary aim of this project is
to analyzed the causes, and effects of environmental pollution and how it can
be eradicated in the society.
Objectives
i.
To
investigate the possible causes of industrial pollutant
ii.
To
ascertain the effect of that or such pollution in the area of studied. i.e.
Kwara and Osun State
iii.
To provide
a possible eradication or control method.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The focus of this study is on
industrial pollution and how it possible to control it. The purpose of this
work will be incomplete until the necessary and relevant industries in Kwara,
and Osun State are visited and inspected. In line with this fact, manufacturing
industries were visited, industries like Pharmaceutical Company, Timber (saw
mill) Industry, Bottling Company etc. from where data’s were obtained.
1.6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
The importance of this project is to
determine invariably the possible causes and effects of environmental pollution
in the study areas. It includes the determination of sources of the pollution
in those environment and the possible control/eradicative measures to be put in
place in order to reduce or curb the negative effect of such pollutions in the
environment.
1.7 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA
The description of study areas for
the research work is listed below here:-
a.
Tuyil
Pharmaceutical Company (Ilorin): This
is a company that is largely known for drug production and is locate along Yidi
Road Ilorin.
b.
Nigeria
Bottling Company LTD (Oshogbo): This
is a company know internationally for production of soft drink in variety of
brands. It’s situated along Edward Road, along Aregbe Road Oshogbo in Osun
State.
c.
Saw
Mill/Wood Industry (Ilorin): This
is an industry noted for the production of timbers for construction works. It
is located along Offa –Ajase-Ipo Road beside Offa-garage Ilorin, Kwara State.
d.
Iron
and Steel Manufacturing Industries (Oshogbo): This is an industry known for manufacturing
iron and steel. This company buys scraped iron and steel reformed it for used
purposes. It is situated along Ikirun along Oshogbo, Osun State.
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