ABSRACT
The
purpose of this research work is to find out the Effect of Transition from
Military to Civilian Administration on the Nigerian System (1999 - 2009).
The
Nigerian System before the present civilian administration is characterized by poverty in the midst of plenty: by a
prodigious endowment in natural and human resources, including petroleum and
natural gas, coal, tin, timber, iron ore, Columbite, Limestone, etc. and a pool
of highly educated and trained manpower. But alas these potentials have not
been transformed into a reality owing large to had leadership/governance.
The
economy has led prostrate, by unbelievable depreciations including the worst
energy crisis in the history of the country; and virtually comatose economic
mismanagement, and above all, civil disturbances, militancy, kidnappings in the
oil producing
areas (mostly around Niger-Delta), all of which arc germane and impaired the
ability of Nigeria to produce anywhere near its optimum.
Agricultural
production has been largely inhibited by problems of high costs and
unavailability of inputs, coupled with poor rural infrastructure. Tile
aggregate demand in the domestic economy has grossly declined as a result of
shrinking purchasing power. The military maintained the country to be one and
helped to develop the country why the creation of more states and local
governments but, had no answer to her innumerous prevailing political and
economic problems.
There
is no doubt that the transition under study is expected to turn around an
ailing economy, crippled by decades of mismanagement, bad leadership,
corruption and political instability. Nigeria's economy, moreover, is burdened
by the biggest external debt in Africa, while her heavy dependence on oil
reserve ever left her vulnerable.
It is therefore obvious that, the focus on
the effect of transition from military to
civilian administration has negative effects on the Nigeria economy.
In
spite of limitations however, the researcher was able to achieve his visionary. Predetermined and attainable set
objectives.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE:
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Aims
and Objective
1.3 Significance of the study
1. 4 Scope of
the study
1.5
Limitation of the study
1.6 Definition
of Terms
References 5
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Historical
evolution of Nigeria
3.9.1 The Sanni Abacha Administration
(Nov. 18th, 1993- June s", 1998)
3.9.2
The Abdul salami Abubakar Administration (June 1998 - May 29th, 999)
CHAPTER THREE
CHAPTER FOUR
Textual
Analysis and Finding
4.1
Economy
CHAPTER FIVE:
5.1
Summary
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendation
References
Appendix
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY:
Political
and social changes remain permanent features of the contemporary world. Human history, power relations, political structures, processes, culture and
indeed social processes and norms have
had to change either in response to internal or external dynamics, or combination of both. Major economic changes
have far reaching political and social consequences in terms of change or the
transformation of the status quo.
However,
Nigeria got independence from the British Colonial Government in October 1,
1960, and the country has experienced several administrations.
Hardly
ten years after independence, had Nigeria experienced a continuing and
deepening crisis of democracy? This was signaled by series of military coup d'etats
which began on January 15, 1966. For about forty years since independence the
military governed the country.
It
has often been conceded by academic historians and public policy scholars that
the military maintained the unity and territorial integrity of the country and
prevented the attempted secession of the former Eastern region (Biafra
Republic) and created states and local governments which disintegrate Nigeria's
fragile unity and formed a strong Federal Government at the Centre.
Sequel
to the above, the topical issue in this study is on Transition from Military to
Civilian Administration: Effects on the Nigerian System (1999-2009).
It
tends to investigate the effects as regards the management of the Nigerian
economy. Is it true that Nigeria attained economic stability during the
military era'? l last elections been
free and fair? Has electoral commission been credible enough'? These and many
more is what the study tends to investigate with useful suggestions.
From
the genesis of this research, the number of transitions before the year 1999
would be researched on. The historical overview of the performance of the
Nigeria economy reflects political instability, military intervention, bad
governance and which have ravaged the country in the last four decades. The
democratization process and return to civil rule, and people's expectation of a
more responsive and oriented economic system which basically would deliver the
dividends of democracy as expected.
The
year 2000 budget was looked upon to meet yawning and aspirations of the people;
as good budgetary control is a potent instrument.
Basically,
due to good governance, the increasing, level of poverty and poor standard of living would reduce
drastically the outcome of dynamic and complex
political process and interplay of national interest in good budgetary
and foreign policies.
Over
the years, Nigerians have not benefited handsomely from these dispensations in tens
of public opinion, domestic and foreign policies, fundamental basic and social
amenities and general betterment as the military cumulative discovered that
siphoning of public funds was the easiest and fastest route to wealth and
perhaps the only economic goods left for primitive accumulation.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECI1VES
This
research is Ion Transition from military to civilian administration: effects on
the Nigerian system (1999-2009). In
order to understand the effects vividly, the following problems were
investigated.
i.
To find out the effects of transition from
military to civilian administration on the Nigerian system (1999-2009).
ii. To
investigate caps of political instability.
iii. To conduct research on civilian
administration.
iv. To
compare the military and civilian governments.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
significance of the study shall be as follows:
It
helps us to identify the strength and weakness of the economy under study; it
would also enable us to determine the effectiveness of either regime, also
helped us to understand vividly past records data, and Help us to create a more
appropriate geopolitical
affiliation.
1.4 SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
In
considering the cost and time implication to conduct a survey like this. The
research is based and concentrated on the transition from military to civilian
administration: effects on the Nigerian
system, with special reference from 1999- 2009.
1.5 LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY:
The
limitation of the study includes insufficient time available for the research
of this nature. The time did not warrant an exhaustive study. Also, the element
of bias that one encountered when soliciting for responses from questionnaires.
Some respondents showed apathy towards given out information about their
personal data. These limitations notwithstanding, the study will provide a
useful guide for transition programme.
1.6 DEFINITION
OF TERMS:
TRANSITION:
A period of change from one state or condition to another. e.g. military to
civilian rule.
MILITARY:
A terminology used for the armed forces, e.g. the Army, Air Force and heavy.
CIVILIAN:
Anyone who is not a member of the armed forces or the police. ADMINISTRATION: The directing, managing
or governing of a state.
DEMOCRACY:
Form of government in which the people govern themselves of chose
representatives.
ECONOMY:
Organization of money and resources within a nation or community etc.
especially, in terms of the production, distribution and consumption of goods
and services.
ELECTION:
Process of chosen representatives via votes.
COUP D'ETAT:
Sudden change of government by illegal or violent means by the military.
INEC:
Independent National Electoral Commission.
FEDECO:
Federal Electoral Commission.
NECON:
National Electoral Commission of Nigeria.
NEC:
National Electoral Commission.
OPEC:
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
NYSC:
National Youth Service Corps.
OFN:
Operation Feed the Nation.
NAFPP:
National Accelerated Food Produce Programme.
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