ABSTRACT
This study attempted to investigate
the effects of socio-economic status on student performance in commerce in
educational district II in Shomolu Local Government Area of Lagos State. In
this study related and relevant literature was reviewed. Also, survey research
design was used in the assessment of the respondents’ opinion with the use of
the questionnaire. A total of 200 (two hundred) students in five selected
school were used as participants in this study.
While the bio-data and research questions were analyzed with the use of
the mean. At the end of the analysis, the following results were obtained:
There is a significant difference between parental socio-economic status and
students’ academic performance in senior Secondary Schools; and there is a
significant relationship between parent educational background and student
academic performance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Abstract vi
Tale of contents vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 5
1.3 Purpose
of the Study 6
1.4 Research
Questions 6
1.5 The Hypotheses 7
1.6 Significance of the Study 8
1. 7 Scope and Limitation of the Study 8
1.8 Operational
Definition of terms 9
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Women’s
Education 10
2.3
Relationship Between Education and
Women’s Employment or 14
Occupational Attainment
2.4 Relationship Between Education and Women’s Income
or Earnings 21
2.5 Relationship Between Education and Women’s
Job Promotion or 22
Leadership
2.6 Relationship
Between Education and Women’s social life 24
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction 29
3.1 Research Design 29
3.2 Population of
the Study 29
3.3 Sample and
Sampling Population 30
3.4 Data Collection
(Research Instrument) 30
3.5 Validity and
Reliability of Research Instrument 30
3.6 Administration
of Research Instrument 31
3.7 Method of Data
Presentation and Analysis 31
CHAPTER FOUR:
PRESENTATION OF DATA AND RESULT
4.0 Introduction 32
4.1 Descriptive Data 32
4.2 Testing Of
Hypotheses 40
4.3 Discussion of
findings 43
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
STUDY.
5.1 Summary of
Major findings 46
5.2 Conclusion 47
5.3 Recommendations 48
5.4 Suggestions for
their research studies: 48
References 50
Appendix 56
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the
Study
The importance of education is quite
clear. Education is regarded as key to empowerment. Hence it is the key to
national development. Education, according to Good (1993) as cited in Omegun,
(2004) is the aggregate of all the processes by means of which a person
develops his or her abilities, attitudes, and other forms of behaviour of
positive value in the society in which he or she lives. In similar vein,
(Gharavi- Naeeni (2010) says that Education is the knowledge of how: to put
one's potentials to maximum use. In essence, one can simply say that a human
being does not have proper sense until he or she is educated. This means that
without the correct commitment, all education would be useless. People who do
not have the correct commitment will not be able to take the initiative to
apply it they still will not be successful.
Education can be formal, non-formal
and informal. Formal education takes place within the school system. It is
organized, planned, and systematically structured with life as its content and
definite forms on- formal education on the other hand occurs outside the formal
school system.
Although less structured. It is more
task and skill oriented more flexible and learner- centered.
The informal education is impromptu
and non pre- meditated. The women and girl child education is a close
articulation of the formal, non-formal and informal education approaches to and
mechanism for the awakening of an all round development of the women potential.
It has been recognized that
qualitative education is the major source of human empowerment that eradicates
poverty globally. With sound education, labour is moved from unskilled to
skilled type which enhances its productivity and by intuition the income that
labour earns.
Attention has been directed to women
and girl child education, giving its clear link to socioeconomic development.
The lessons of international instruments and summits such as the
Convention on the Elimination of all
forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAN) adopted by the UN General
Assembly in 1979, the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995,
and the recent Beijing + 5 initiative, underscoring the important of women
education, have not been lost on policy makers and stakeholders in Nigeria.
Apart from investing in the formal
education, the Federal Government of Nigeria has made effort
in adult and non-formal education
towards addressing the education of women. As aptly noted by Udeani (2004),
investing in formal, adult and non-formal education and training for girls and
women, with its exceptionally high social and economic return has proved to be
one of the means of achieving sustainable economic growth and development.
According to her, women make up about 50% or more of the population of any
given nation. no country can therefore afford to leave out this percentage in
the essential process of formal education.
Moreover, a review of related
literature on women education and development has confirmed the multiplying
effect of women education on socioeconomic development in unequivocal terms.
Education can enhance the skills of women as workers create self employment and
promote their higher living standards. By enhancing skills of .women, they
become more orderly and more productive. By self employment, girl and women
entrepreneurs are encouraged to emerge in- the small and medium scale
enterprises, which are willing to take risks and invest in a volatile
environment. In this case, women are expected to engage in viable businesses
and earn incomes that will enable them to fetch higher incomes in the labour
market. Equality of access to and attainment of educational qualifications is
necessary if more women are to be entrepreneurs, receive high income and attend
to high echelon in organizations. In any case, educated women are able to enjoy
good standard of living and exercise grater 'voice' in decision making in the
family, the community, the work place and the society (Alele- Williams, 1986;
Orisanya-Olumuyiwa, 2000; Snyder, 2000 in Udeani, 2004). More critically,
through education, she acquires feeling of self worth and confidence required
for a public life (Enemuo, 2001). Besides, education is of a central importance
for occupational attainment, a critical component of socioeconomic status.
Several research studies have been
conducted on women education and its link to socioeconomic development. More
research is still needed in this area to identify its link to the socioeconomic
development of women professional jobs or occupation. This present research
study is set to assess the contribution of education to socioeconomic
development of women bankers where research studies appear not to have been
covered.
Education has limited women to take
active part in development. In societies, gender roles have reduced women to
the home front, preventing them from participating in and benefiting from
developmental efforts. This present research study identifies education as a
crucial factor that will help women to play their role in nation's building. It
is important to note that Nigeria ranks low in development (UNDP, 1996). This
is why Nigeria embarked on many educational programme aimed at increasing girl
child enrollment, retention and completion at all levels of formal education
and establishing programmes to promote women's adult and non- formal education.
Furthermore, seventeen years after
embarking on many educational programmes in both formal and adult education, it
appears that there is low level of education that still affects women to
contribute to development. The vast majority of Nigeria is mostly women is
seemingly affected by high degree of poverty level which has given rise to the
pitiable condition of the Nigerian child in terms of health and education. It
is against this information that this present study seeks to examine the link
between women education and socioeconomic development.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
Women are not properly monetized and
marketable. This is why their efforts are not factored in the Gross National
Product (GNP) computation (Enemuo, 2001). Low level of education has been
identified as one of the factors affecting women in contributing to national
development. The high rate of illiteracy
in Nigeria has made sizable number of women to be unskilled, hence they to
resort to low job (Adelakun, 2011) resulting to income. As a result, they are
not exercising their voice in decision making of the family, the community and
place of work. It was indicated on the Human Development Index (2010) document
that adult literacy rate of at least 65% would be attained by 20 15. Therefore
the strategy aimed at empowering the women to acquire the skills and knowledge
that would prepare them for the vast challenges. In this vein, this study
attempts to assess the role of women education in socioeconomic development in
Nigeria Nigeria. In doing so, some selected women bankers in Assess bank, First
bank, United Bank of Africa and Wema bank located at the University of Lagos,
Akoka were used by the researcher to determine the contribution of education to
their occupational attainment, income generation, promotion and self worth.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main objective of this study is
to assess the contribution of education to socioeconomic development of women
bankers. However, the specific objectives are to:
1. Examine the relationship between education and 'occupational
attainment of women.
2. Assess the relationship between' education
and women earning high income in their professional jobs and improved quality
of life.
3. Examine the link between education and women attainment of
higher position in their communities and work places.
4. Assess the relationship between education
and enhancing women self worth and personality.
1.4 Research
Questions
The questions that will guide this
present study are:
1. Does
education contribute to women employment in high paying- jobs?
2. Do skilled women earn better income and
enjoy good standard of living than those who are not skilled?
3. Will education enhance the capability of
women bankers towards attaining important position in their communities and
place of work?
4.
Is education related to raising the self worth and confidence
of women in their public life?
1.5 The
Hypotheses
The hypotheses formulated for this
study are:
1.
There
will be no significant relationship between education and women securing well
paying jobs.
2.
There
will be no significant relationship between low level of education and women
receiving high income and improved quality of life their low pay in the bank
3.
There
will be no significant relationship between education and improving women
capability towards becoming managers in the bank
4.
There
will be no significant relationship between education and improving the
socioeconomic development of women bankers.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This present study is relevant in the true sense that it will
help government to systematically and coherently implement the established
Beijing Platform for Action directed to the fundamental changes in the
situation of women. It will help educational institutions or training centers
to have better knowledge of gender sensitive. This study will also increase the
momentum for women education in Nigeria. In other words, it will encourage
government and stakeholders to increase investment in formal and adult
education since investment in education for girls and women has been shown
repeatedly to be one of the most important determinants of development, with
positive implications for all other measures of progress this present study
therefore indentifies and documents the present linkage between women bankers
and socioeconomic development since research study in this area has been
scanty. This study will help education planners and policy makers to place more
emphasis on literacy and primary education in order to fight poverty. The
society will have to benefit from this study because when women are educated,
it has positive externalities. This proposed study will also contribute to the
existing body of knowledge.
1. 7 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This research study assesses the contribution of education to
socioeconomic development of selected women bankers in Lagos Mainland Local
Government Area where research study seemed not to have covered. This study
will cover 60 male and 60 female bankers selected from the Wema bank, Access
bank, First bank and UBA branch located in the University of Lagos, Akoka. This
is because the researcher does not have enough resources to conduct the study
using all banks in the Lagos Mainland Local Government Area.
1.8
Operational Definition of terms
Empowerment: Raising one from naive to more
critical level of consciousness.
Socioeconomic: The individual wellbeing vis a vis
their level of income, education and their quality of life.
Development: The ability to make good use or
resources available to individual.
Education: Building a complete human being
Adult Education: Learning activities that is built
around the express of people from 18 years and above who are not attending
school on regular basis, or completers of compulsory education or other
learning that enhances their self worth throughout life time.
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